Conductor materials. Scheme, description

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Conductor materials. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners

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This group of materials includes metals and their alloys. Pure metals have low resistivity. The exception is mercury, which has a rather high resistivity. Alloys also have high resistivity (see Table 1).

Table 1. Electrical resistivity of some materials
Conductor Materials

Pure metals are used in the manufacture of winding and mounting wires, cables, etc. Conductor alloys in the form of wire and tapes are used in rheostats, potentiometers, additional resistances, etc.

In the subgroup of alloys with high resistivity, a group of heat-resistant conductor materials that are resistant to oxidation at high temperatures is distinguished. Heat-resistant, or heat-resistant, conductive alloys are used in electric heaters and rheostats.

In addition to low resistivity, pure metals have good ductility, i.e., they can be drawn into thin wire, into strips, and rolled into foil with a thickness of less than 0,01 mm. Metal alloys have less plasticity, but are more elastic and mechanically stable.

A characteristic feature of all metallic conductor materials is their electronic electrical conductivity. The resistivity of all metallic conductors increases with increasing temperature, and also as a result of mechanical processing, which causes permanent deformation in the metal.

Rolling or drawing is used when it is necessary to obtain conductor materials with increased mechanical strength, for example, in the manufacture of overhead line wires, trolley wires, etc.

To return the deformed metal conductors to their previous value of resistivity, they are subjected to heat treatment - annealing without oxygen.

Author: Smirnova L.N.

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