Instructions for labor protection for a blacksmith of hand forging

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Instructions on labor protection for a hand-forged blacksmith. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

General labor protection requirements

1. Persons at least 18 years of age who are recognized as fit for this work by a medical commission, who have undergone special training in safe methods and techniques for the production of work, and who have a qualification certificate, are allowed to work as a hand-forged blacksmith.

2. A hand-forged blacksmith entering work is allowed to work only after he has passed an introductory briefing on labor safety, environmental requirements and initial briefing at the workplace, which must be recorded in the relevant journals with the obligatory signature of the instructed and instructing.

3. Periodic testing of the knowledge of a hand-forged blacksmith on labor safety should be carried out once every 12 months.

4. A hand-forged blacksmith must be re-instructed at least once every 3 months.

5. When changing safety requirements or working conditions (changing the technological process, replacing equipment, fixtures and tools, changing other factors affecting labor safety), in case of violation of labor safety requirements that have led or may lead to injury, accident or fire, and also, during breaks in work for more than 30 calendar days, a hand-forged blacksmith must undergo an unscheduled briefing. When registering an unscheduled briefing, the reason for its conduct is indicated.

6. A hand-forged blacksmith must:

follow the rules of the internal labor schedule and the daily instructions of the foreman (foreman);
remember personal responsibility for compliance with safety requirements in the course of work and for the safety of workmates;
use the issued overalls, special footwear and other personal protective equipment;
prevent the presence of unauthorized persons at the workplace;
perform only the work for which he was instructed and approved by the master (foreman);
do not comply with orders: if they contradict the rules and requirements for labor protection;
provide first aid to the victim at work, take measures to eliminate violations of safety requirements;
about violations and cases of injuries immediately inform the foreman (foreman).

Occupational safety requirements before starting work

7. Before starting work, a blacksmith of hand forging should:

put on and carefully tuck in overalls, prepare other special personal protective equipment. The jacket should cover the waist part of the trousers, and the trousers the upper part of the boots; boots should be with a smooth top and a metal toe. Do not work without gloves, an apron and a headgear;
check the serviceability of the equipment (anvils, heating devices, air ducts, etc.), take measures to eliminate the noticed shortcomings. The anvil must be securely mounted on a wooden stand reinforced with an iron hoop and stand steadily with its working surface (platband) in a horizontal position;
arrange tools in the workplace with maximum ease of use, avoiding the presence of unnecessary items in the work area;
install the shields required during operation (on the side of the aisles and in other places) to protect others from possible damage by flying scale or metal particles, as well as screens from the harmful thermal effects of heating devices;
check the presence of clean water in the tool cooling tank;
clean the working surface of the anvil from scale, oil, water or other possible contaminants, wipe wet or oily tools with a rag (rag);
check the condition of general and local lighting, if any shortcomings are found, inform the master;
check the serviceability and efficiency of local exhaust ventilation.

8. When servicing a gas hearth, receive a safety briefing as provided for by the rules for operating a gas hearth, observing the following general rules:

in order to avoid an explosion, do not check the presence of gas in the atmosphere (furnace) by fire;
do not smoke when lighting the forge;
when igniting the forge, first bring the lit torch to the mouth of the burner, and then slowly supply gas, after igniting the gas, also slowly supply air;
when stopping the furnace, first shut off the gas supply to the burner, and then the air.

9. When lighting an open hearth, first lower the shields (folding) of the umbrella, light the forge, turn on local suction and general ventilation. When the coal flares up, raise the shields of the umbrella and securely fasten them in the non-working position.

10. Keep the floor at the workplace smooth and dry (not slippery), clean it in a timely manner and do not clutter it with workpieces, waste and other items.

11. If there are lifting mechanisms at the workplace, make sure that they are in full working order and check for the presence of a stencil on these devices indicating the registration number, load capacity, date of the subsequent test (inspection), and on removable load gripping devices, the presence of tags certifying their load capacity and suitability for operation .

The lifting capacity of the slings must correspond to the mass of the load being lifted.

Chains should not have visible defects (cracks, captivity, elongation of links, wear of more than 10% of the diameter of the original metal, etc.).

Hooks, tongs, clamps and other lifting devices must not have visible cracks, captivity, broken threads of the threads of the connecting bolts and nuts to them, as well as other defects.

Rope slings must be without knots and loops and periodically discarded depending on the design of the rope and the number of wire breaks in the length of one step of the rope lay.

Occupational safety requirements during work

12. During operation, be sure to wear safety glasses with safety glasses or protective screens (masks).

When processing forgings heated to white heat, be sure to use glasses with a light filter.

13. To protect against the harmful effects of thermal radiation, use the available protective equipment for heating devices correctly, turn them on in time and monitor their proper operation.

14. Observe the temperature interval for forging blanks, established by the technological documentation. Forging burnt or cooled metal below 800°C is prohibited, as it can cause accidents.

15. Before use, preheat tools that are subject to impact, and cool tools that have become very hot during operation in a tank of clean water and then dry.

16. Remove scale and stumps from the anvil with special tools - brushes or scrapers. It is allowed to use a blower to remove scale from the anvil only when the scale is collected in a special container through a sealed air duct.

17. Place the workpiece on the anvil so that it fits snugly against it (check this by lightly hitting the workpiece with a hammer).

18. To lift and move manually short and heavy workpieces to the anvil, use self-clamping (blank) tongs with divorced pincers. These operations should be carried out only by two people, the feed to the anvil should be carried out at the command of the senior.

19. When striking, hold the handles of the instrument only to the side of you, and not in front of you, so that there is no "recoil" from blows to the stomach or chest. Choose pliers to hold forgings by size so that when gripping forgings, the gap between the handles of the pliers is at least 45 mm.

20. Apply blows only to the place of forging, avoid hitting tongs, tool handles, etc.

21. Do not allow idle blows with a sledgehammer on the anvil; the end of forging is to be carried out at the “stop” command, and not by removing the forging from the anvil. The assistant should execute the command "hit" only when it is given by the blacksmith. The command "stop" must be carried out immediately, no matter who it comes from.

22. Apply any tool to the forging or change its position only after warning the assistant.

23. When cutting metal, set the ax or blacksmith's chisel strictly vertically (at the initial moment).

24. Put the workpiece only in the middle of the anvil and, moreover, so that it fits snugly against it.

25. Make the first blows during forging and the last blows during felling weak. Before the last blow during cutting, turn the forging 180 ° and place the notched place on the edge of the anvil.

26. Before applying the first blow with a sledgehammer, make sure that no one will be hit by it when swinging. Blows inflict directly with all strikers.

27. When driving wedges into the handles of sledgehammers and hammers, hold the wedge with tongs, not with your hand.

28. When repairing chains, making hooks and rings for them, use certified material.

29. Be at a safe distance from the lifted load (in case it falls).

30. Do not take used tools with unprotected hands and do not touch metal (blanks, forgings, stumps) without first checking its temperature.

31. Do not feed blanks from the furnace to the anvil or move blanks (forgings) from place to place by throwing, as this leads to injury.

32. Place blanks, waste, forgings in containers, on racks and in stacks, without violating the established loading norms and dimensions of passages and driveways.

33. Lifting and moving weights manually for 1 person: for men over 18 years old - up to 50 kg, if this work is not permanent, but not more than 7000 kgm per shift.

Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

34. The blacksmith must immediately inform the administration of the enterprise about every accident that he witnessed, and provide the victim with first aid, call a doctor or help deliver the victim to a health center or the nearest medical facility.

If an accident happened to the blacksmith himself, he should, if possible, go to the health center, report the incident to the administration of the enterprise or ask someone around to do it.

Occupational safety requirements at the end of work

35. Stop the operation of heating devices and equipment by turning them off in the prescribed manner.

36. Turn off ventilation.

37. Tidy up the workplace by placing waste and forgings in the designated places, cleaning the anvil and adjacent areas of the floor from scale.

38. Wipe the working tools with a rag (rag) and place them neatly in the designated places on racks, racks, and cabinets.

39. Remove, clean and put in designated places overalls and other personal protective equipment.

40. Take a shower with soap.

41. Timely give overalls and other personal protective equipment for washing (repair) or replace them with new ones.

42. Report all noticed malfunctions and possible violations of labor protection to the foreman (foreman).

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