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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection during cold working of metals on metal-cutting machines (turning, milling, drilling). Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. This manual is intended for workers engaged in metal-cutting work on turning, milling, drilling machines in workshops. 1.2. To work on turning, milling, drilling machines, persons are allowed at least 18 years old, who have undergone special training and received a certificate, passed a knowledge test and a medical examination. 1.3. Employees involved in the performance of work or maintenance of objects (installations, equipment) of increased danger, as well as objects controlled by state (federal) supervision, must undergo annual course training and testing knowledge on labor safety. An employee who has successfully passed the knowledge test is issued a certificate for the right to work independently. 1.4. Employees who have a break in the work for which they are hired for more than 3 years, and with increased danger for more than 12 months, must undergo training and testing knowledge on labor safety before starting independent work. 1.5. When changing the technological process or upgrading equipment, fixtures, transferring to a new temporary or permanent job, violation of safety requirements by employees that can lead to injury, accident or fire, as well as during breaks in work for more than 30 calendar days, the employee must undergo an unscheduled briefing (with a corresponding entry in the briefing log). 1.6. Individuals who have become familiar with the features and methods of safe performance of work and have completed an internship for 2 to 14 shifts under the supervision of a foreman or foreman (depending on seniority, experience and nature of work) are allowed to work independently. 1.7. Permission to independently perform work (after checking the acquired knowledge and skills) is given by the head of work. 1.8. Follow instructions on labor protection, internal regulations, instructions of the head, workers of the labor protection and safety service and public labor inspectors. 1.9. Dangerous and harmful production factors:
1.10. When carrying out work, follow the requirements of the labor protection instructions, internal regulations. 1.11. Use personal protective equipment when working on lathes:
On milling machines:
1.12. Personal protective equipment should be used for its intended purpose and the administration should be notified in a timely manner of the need to clean, wash, dry and repair them. They are not allowed to be taken outside the enterprise. 1.13. Know and follow the rules of personal hygiene. Do not smoke in the workplace, do not drink alcohol before and during work. Do not store food or eat in the workplace. 1.14. Perform only the work for which you have been trained, instructed in labor protection and for which the supervisor has approved. 1.15. Persons who are not related to the work performed are not allowed to the workplace. Do not outsource your work to others. 1.16. Obey the safety signs. 1.17. Do not go behind electrical equipment fences. 1.18. Pay attention to the warning signals of trucks, cars, tractors and other types of moving vehicles. 1.19. Report to the manager about the noticed malfunctions of machines, mechanisms, equipment, violations of safety requirements and do not start work until appropriate measures are taken. 1.20. If the victim himself or with outside help cannot come to the medical institution (loss of consciousness, electric shock, severe injuries and fractures), inform the head of the household (employer), who is obliged to organize the delivery of the victim to the medical institution. Before arriving at a medical facility, provide the victim with first aid (first aid) and, if possible, calm him down, as excitement increases bleeding from wounds, worsens the body's protective functions and complicates the treatment process. 1.21. Employees are required to know the fire warning signals, the location of fire extinguishing equipment and be able to use them. It is not allowed to use fire equipment for other purposes. 1.22. Do not obstruct aisles and access to firefighting equipment. 1.23. Sand up spilled fuels and lubricants on the ground. Immediately remove the sand impregnated with oil products and take it to a place agreed with the sanitary and epidemiological station. 1.24. Dispose of used cleaning material in special metal boxes with lids. 1.25. Do not make fire in agricultural storage sectors. equipment on the territory of the machine yard and in the premises. 1.26. Do not store in the workplace flammable and combustible liquids, acids and alkalis in quantities exceeding the replacement need in a ready-to-use form. 1.27. In the event of a fire, immediately call the fire brigade and take measures to eliminate the source of ignition by means of fire extinguishing, and in the event of a fire at electrical installations, the first person who notices a fire must report this to the fire brigade responsible for electrical facilities, the head of the workshops. 1.28. In the event of a fire in the electrical installation itself or near it, first of all, before the arrival of firefighters, disconnect the electrical installation from the network. If this is not possible, then try to cut the wires (sequentially, one at a time) with a tool with insulated handles. 1.29. When extinguishing a fire, extinguish the source of ignition first. When using a foam fire extinguisher, direct the jet at an angle of 40 - 45 degrees to avoid splashing liquid. Start extinguishing from one edge, and then sequentially move to the other edge of the ignition source. 1.30. To extinguish small fires, flammable and combustible liquids, as well as solid combustible substances and materials, use foam fire extinguishers: manual types OHP-10, OP-M, OP-9MN; air-foam type OVP-5, OVP-10; mobile, transported on special trolleys, air-foam type OVP-100, OVP-250, OPG-100. In their absence, throw sand on the fire, cover it with felt or put it out in some other way. 1.31. To extinguish combustible substances and materials that cannot be extinguished with water or foam, as well as electrical installations under voltage, use carbon dioxide hand-held fire extinguishers of the type OU-2, OU-5, UP-2M, OU-8, OUB-3A, OUB-7A ; mobile carbon dioxide fire extinguishers such as OU-25, OU-80, OU-100, OSU-5; powder fire extinguishers of the type: manual - OP-1, OP-2, OP-5, OP-10, OPS-6, OPS-10; mobile - OP-100, OP-250, SI-2, SI-120, SZHB-50, SZHB-150, OP-50, OP-100. It is allowed to use dry, without impurities, sand. When using powder fire extinguishers, do not direct the powder jet at hot surfaces - an explosion is possible. 1.32. Do not use chemical foam or chemical foam fire extinguishers to extinguish a fire in an electrical installation that is energized. 1.33. A worker who violates the requirements of labor protection instructions may be subject to disciplinary liability in accordance with the internal regulations of the enterprise, and if these violations are associated with causing material damage to the enterprise, the worker also bears financial responsibility in the prescribed manner. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work 2.1. Put on overalls and other personal protective equipment established for this type of work. Clothing should be buttoned up and tucked in, trousers should be over shoes, cuffs fastened, hair tucked under a tight-fitting headdress. Protect the skin from the action of solvents and oils with protective ointments (PM-1 or HIOT-6), pastes (IER-1, IER-2, Airo). 2.2. Check that the tools and devices used during work are in good condition, not worn out and meet safe working conditions. Non-mechanized tool 2.2.1. Wooden handles of tools must be made of seasoned hard and tough wood, smoothly processed, their surface must not have potholes, chips and other defects. The tool must be properly fitted and securely fastened. Percussion tools (hammers, sledgehammers, etc.) must have oval handles with a thickened free end. The console on which the instrument is mounted must be wedged with a completed mild steel wedge. On the wooden handles of pressure tools (files, chisels, etc.) in the places of interface with the tool, metal (bandage) rings must be mounted. 2.2.2. Percussion instruments (chisels, cross-cuts, barbs) should not have cracks, burrs, work hardening; the occipital part of them should be smooth, free of cracks, burrs and bevels. The length of the manual chisel is at least 150 mm, their drawn part is 60 - 70 mm; blade sharpening angle - in accordance with the hardness of the processed materials. 2.2.3. Forging tongs and other devices for holding forgings being machined should be made of mild steel and match the dimensions of the forgings. To hold the forging without constant hand pressure, the tongs must have rings (spandery), and to protect the worker's fingers from injury, a gap (in the working position) between the tong handles is 45 mm, for which stops must be made. 2.2.4. Wrenches must match the dimensions of the nuts and bolt heads. The jaws of the keys must be parallel and free of cracks and nicks, and the handles must be free of burrs. Sliding keys must not have play in moving parts. 2.2.5. The ends of hand tools used for threading into holes during installation (crowbars for assembly, etc.) must not be knocked down. 2.2.6. Crowbars must be of circular cross section and have one end in the form of a spatula, and the other in the form of a tetrahedral pyramid. Scrap weight within 4 - 5 kg, length 1,3 - 1,5 m. 2.2.7. Pullers must have serviceable paws, screws, rods and stops. 2.2.8. The vise must be securely fastened to the workbench. Sponges must have a good notch. 2.2.9. The screwdriver should be with a straight shaft, firmly fixed on the handle. The screwdriver must have straight sides. 2.2.10. Needle-nose pliers and pliers should not have chipped handles. The jaws of the needle-nosed pliers are sharp, not chipped or broken, the pliers are with a good notch. 2.2.11. Hand scoops for collecting garbage should be made of roofing iron and should not have sharp ends and torn places. 2.2.12. Before using jacks, check:
electrified tool 2.2.13. All power tools and electrical appliances must have closed and insulated inputs (contacts) of the supply wires. In order to protect against mechanical damage and moisture, the wires of power tools and electrical appliances must be protected by rubber hoses and terminated with a special plug. 2.3. Check for availability and serviceability:
2.4. Before switching on the machine, make sure that no one is endangered by starting it. 2.5. Check idle operation and serviceability:
2.6. Immediately report the malfunction of the machine to the master, do not start work until the malfunction is eliminated. 2.7. When processing viscous metals that produce twisted chips, use a cutting tool with special chip breaking devices, and when processing brittle metals, use a cutting tool with special chip removal devices, transparent screens or individual shields. 2.8. Adjust the local lighting of the machine so that the work area is sufficiently illuminated and the light does not blind the eyes. It is not allowed to use local lighting with a voltage higher than 42 V. 2.9. Prepare a hook for removing chips when turning parts, a brush with an elongated handle for removing chips when milling. 2.10. Do not use a hook with a loop handle. 2.11. Check that the cutting tool is sharpened correctly. The use of defective or incorrectly sharpened tools is not allowed. 2.12. Locate coolant hoses so that they cannot come into contact with cutting tools and moving machine parts. 2.13. Check and ensure sufficient machine lubrication. When lubricating, use only suitable tools. 2.14. Avoid splashing oil and liquid on the floor. Make shields for splash protection. When working on a cold floor (asphalt, cement, etc.), use wooden foot grates. 3. Labor protection requirements during work 3.1. Follow the safety requirements set out in the description and operating instructions of the machine, as well as the requirements of the warning tables attached to the panels. 3.2. Install and remove the chuck, change tools, install parts, change speeds only when the machine is stopped. 3.3. Beware of breaking the wrench, correctly apply the wrench to the nut, do not jerk the nut. 3.4. While the machine is running, do not take or feed workpieces and other objects through the running machine, do not tighten the bolts, nuts and other connecting elements of the machine. 3.5. Do not lean on the machine during operation and do not allow others to do so. It is forbidden to work on the machine in mittens or with bandaged fingers without a fingertip. 3.6. Be careful not to wind the chips around the workpiece or cutter, do not direct the curly chips towards yourself. Use a chip breaker. 3.7. Do not remove chips from the machine directly with your hands or with a tool, use a special hook or brush for this purpose. 3.8. Watch for the timely removal of chips from the workplace and the machine. 3.9. Stop the machine and turn off the motor when:
3.10. The movement of the belt along the stepped pulleys on the move is allowed only with the use of the translation provided for by the design of the machine. 3.11. Beware of burrs on workpieces. 3.12. When processing parts, use the cutting conditions indicated in the operating card for this part. Turning works 3.13. When clamping a workpiece in a chuck or using faceplates, grip the workpiece with the cams as far as possible. Do not allow the back surface of the jaws to protrude from the chuck or faceplate groove beyond the outside diameter after the workpiece is secured. If the jaws protrude, replace the chuck or install a special guard. 3.14. When installing a chuck or faceplate on the spindle, place wooden spacers on the machine with a recess in the shape of the chuck (faceplate). 3.15. Do not screw the chuck (faceplate) by sudden braking of the spindle. Screwing the chuck (faceplate) by hitting the cam against the stand is allowed only with manual rotation of the chuck (in this case, use stands with long handles). 3.16. Place heavy chucks and faceplates on the machine and remove them from the machine using a lifting device and a special gripping device. 3.17. In a jaw chuck without tailstock support, clamp only short, no more than two diameters, balanced workpieces or parts (in other cases, use the tailstock for support). 3.18. When processing in the centers of parts with a length of 12 diameters or more, as well as for high-speed and power cutting of parts with a length of eight diameters or more, use additional supports (rests). 3.19. When machining parts in centers, check if the tailstock is fixed, and after installing the workpiece, lubricate the center. Lubricate the rear center periodically as you continue to work. 3.20. When working at high speeds (more than 450 rpm), use the rotary center supplied with the machine. Do not work in high-speed cutting with a non-rotating back center. 3.21. Do not work with used or worn centers. 3.22. When turning long parts, keep an eye on the center of the tailstock, periodically check the axial clamp. 3.23. To avoid injury due to tool breakage:
3.24. Retract the cutting head to a safe distance when:
3.25. Make sure that the cutter is correctly installed and do not put different pieces of metal under it. Use pads equal to the bearing surface of the cutter. For these purposes, have a set of linings of various thicknesses, length and width not less than the supporting part of the cutter. 3.26. Clamp the cutter with the minimum possible overhang and at least three bolts. When using double-sided cutters, put on a special sheath on a non-working blade. 3.27. Do not sharpen short cutters without an appropriate arbor. 3.28. Do not use chucks if jaw faces are worn. 3.29. Position the surface to be machined as close as possible to the support or clamping fixture. 3.30. When placing a workpiece on the machine, do not stand between the workpiece and the machine. 3.31. Do not place parts, tools or other items on the machine bed and headstock cover. 3.32. When cutting off heavy parts of a part or workpiece, do not hold the cut end with your hands. 3.33. When filing, cleaning, grinding workpieces on the machine:
3.34. Use safety chucks or safety collars for workpieces fixed in centers. 3.35. After fixing the workpiece (part) in the chuck, immediately remove the socket wrench. 3.36. When fastening a part to centers:
3.37. Do not work on the machine without fixing the chuck with crackers that prevent self-unscrewing during reverse. 3.38. Do not slow down the rotation of the spindle by hand pressure on the rotating parts of the machine or workpiece. 3.39. To fasten taps, do not use chucks or devices with protruding parts (nuts, screws). 3.40. To install the tap in the chuck or spindle, stop the machine. 3.41. Do not hold the part during processing by hand. 3.42. Bring the caliper with the clamped bar (bolt) to the dies slowly, if the latter does not pick up the end of the bar, take the caliper back, adjust the correct installation of the dies. 3.43. Do not touch the dies with your fingers to determine its cutting qualities. 3.44. It is forbidden to measure the thread with gauges during the rotation of the product or dies. 3.45. When cutting long bolts, carefully monitor their clamping and use support stands. 3.46. When installing bolts or rods, fill them well with ends. Otherwise, thread breaks and dies breakage are possible. Milling works 3.47. Before installing on the machine, clean the workpieces and fixtures from chips and oil, especially the contacting base and mounting surfaces. 3.48. Mount the workpiece on the machine correctly and securely so that it cannot fly out during operation of the machine. 3.49. Fasten the part in places as close as possible to the surface to be treated. 3.50. When fastening a workpiece to raw surfaces, use a vise and devices with a notch on the clamping jaws. 3.51. Feed the part to the cutter when the latter receives rotation. 3.52. When changing a workpiece or measuring a workpiece, retract the cutter to a safe distance and stop its rotation. 3.53. Before removing the part from the vise, chuck or clamping bars, stop the machine, move the cutting tool away so as not to injure your hand on the cutting edges. 3.54. Set the cutter set on the mandrel so that their teeth are staggered. 3.55. Plunge the cutter into the part gradually. Turn on the mechanical feed until the part comes into contact with the cutter. When manually feeding, do not allow sudden increases in tool feed speed and depth of cut. 3.56. When milling, do not put your hands in the danger zone of rotation of the cutter. 3.57. Use only the correct cutter. Before installing the cutter, check:
If the cutting edges are dull or chipped, replace the cutter. Installed and fixed cutter, check for runout. Radial and end runout should not exceed 0,1 mm. Install and remove cutters with gloves. 3.58. Do not allow chips to accumulate on the cutter and arbor. When machining tough steels, use cutters with chipbreakers. 3.59. When knocking the cutter out of the spindle, do not support it with an unprotected hand, use an elastic pad for this. 3.60. In the vicinity of a rotating cutter, remove chips only with brushes with a handle at least 250 mm long. 3.61. Fix the milling mandrel or cutter in the spindle only with a key, turning on the enumeration so that the spindle does not turn. 3.62. When installing and removing cutters, be careful not to injure your fingers on the cutting edges of the tool. 3.63. Thoroughly clean the spindle bore, the shank of the mandrel or cutter, and the surfaces of the adapter sleeve before installing it in the spindle, eliminating nicks, and wipe. When inserting the tool shank into the spindle bore, make sure it fits snugly without play. 3.64. Clamp and wring out the cutters with a key on the mandrel with the motor turned off. 3.65. When removing the adapter sleeve, mandrel or cutter from the spindle, use a special drift, placing a wooden lining on the machine table. 3.66. Do not brake the machine by pressing on the parts, your hand may get on the cutter. 3.67. Remove the wrench from the head of the clamping bolt after installing the cutter or its arbor. 3.68. When stopping the machine, turn off the feed, then move the cutter away from the workpiece, turn off the rotation of the cutter (spindle). 3.69. Do not open or remove guards and safety devices while the machine is in operation. Drilling work 3.70. During operation, do not lean close to the rotating spindle and cutting tool. In the process of work, monitor the condition of overalls and headgear. 3.71. Install the workpiece correctly and securely, preventing it from being rotated by the tool. 3.72. Do not use chucks and attachments with protruding set screws and bolts when working. If there are protruding parts, shield them. 3.73. Attach workpieces, vise and fixtures firmly and securely to a table or foundation plate. Fasten with special fasteners: bolts corresponding to the groove of the table, clamping bars, stops, etc. 3.74. Install parts on the machine and remove them from the machine when the spindle with the cutting tool is in its original position. 3.75. When installing cutting tools (drills, etc.), carefully monitor the reliability and strength of their fastening and correct centering. 3.76. When changing tools, lower the spindle. Do not change tools while the machine is running. 3.77. Do not use tools with worn taper shanks. When installing a drill or reamer with a taper shank into the spindle, be careful not to cut your hands on the cutting edge of the tool. 3.78. If the tool jams, the drill shank, tap or other tool breaks, turn off the machine. 3.79. Do not hold the part being drilled with your hands. Small parts, if suitable fasteners are not available, can be held with a hand vise, tongs or pliers. 3.80. Do not drill into thin plates, strips, or similar pieces without the aid of a special tool. 3.81. If the product rotates on the table with the drill, do not try to hold it with your hand, stop the machine. Make the necessary correction or take the appropriate devices. When loosening the drill in the chuck or the workpiece on the table, stop the machine immediately. 3.82. When drilling deep holes, periodically withdraw the drill from the hole to remove chips. 3.83. Remove chips from the workpiece and table to be drilled only when the tool is stopped. 3.84. When changing a chuck or drill, use a special metal wedge. 3.85. Do not stop the rotation of the spindle (chuck) by pressing the spindle or chuck with your hand. Do not touch the drill until the machine has come to a complete stop. 3.86. Bring the cutting tool to the workpiece gradually, smoothly, without impact. 3.87. When manually feeding the drill and when drilling through or drilling with small diameter drills, do not apply much force to the feed lever. When feeding automatically, do not allow feeds that exceed the norms specified in the passport. 3.88. Move the tool away from the workpiece before stopping the machine. 4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations 4.1. Stop the machine immediately:
4.2. If smoke is detected and a fire occurs, immediately declare a fire alarm, take measures to extinguish the fire using the available primary fire extinguishing equipment according to the source of the fire, notify the work manager. If necessary, organize the evacuation of people from the danger zone. In conditions of smoke and the presence of fire in the room, move along the walls, bending over or crawling; to facilitate breathing, cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief (cloth) moistened with water; move through the flames, covering your head with outer clothing or a blanket, if possible, douse yourself with water, tear off or extinguish the burning clothes, and when most of the clothes are covered by fire, roll the worker tightly into a cloth (blanket, felt mat), but do not cover with your head. 4.3. In case of accidents with people, provide them with first aid, immediately notify the work manager, maintain the situation in which the accident occurred, if this does not threaten the life and health of others and does not violate the technological process, until the arrival of persons investigating the causes of the accident. 4.4. In case of electric shock, release the victim from the current as soon as possible, because. the duration of its action determines the severity of the injury. To do this, quickly turn off the part of the electrical installation that the victim touches with a knife switch or other disconnecting device. 4.5. If it is impossible to quickly turn off the electrical installation, it is necessary to separate the victim from live parts: 4.5.1. When releasing the victim from live parts or wires with voltage up to 1000 V, use a rope, stick, board or other dry object that does not conduct electric current, or pull the victim by the clothes (if it is dry and lags behind the body), for example, by the skirts of a jacket or coat, behind the collar, while avoiding touching the surrounding metal objects and parts of the body of the victim, not covered by clothing. 4.5.2. If the victim touches the wire that lies on the ground, then before approaching him, place a dry board, a bundle of dry clothes or some kind of dry, non-conductive stand under your feet and separate the wire from the victim with a dry stick, board. It is recommended to operate with one hand if possible. 4.5.3. If the victim convulsively squeezes one current-carrying element (for example, a wire) in his hand, separate the victim from the ground by slipping a dry board under him, pulling his legs off the ground with a rope or pulling him by his clothes, while observing the safety measures described above. 4.5.4. When pulling the victim by the legs, do not touch his shoes or clothing unless your hands are insulated or poorly insulated, because. shoes and clothes may be damp and conduct electricity. To isolate hands, especially if it is necessary to touch the body of the victim, not covered by clothing, put on dielectric gloves, if they are not available, wrap your hands with a scarf or use any other dry clothing. 4.5.5. If it is not possible to separate the victim from live parts or disconnect the electrical installation from the power source, then chop or cut the wires with an ax with a dry wooden handle or bite them with a tool with insulated handles (pliers, wire cutters). Cut and cut the wires phase by phase, i.e. each wire separately. You can also use an uninsulated tool, but you need to wrap its handle with a dry woolen or rubberized cloth. 4.5.6. When separating the victim from live parts with voltages above 1000 V, do not approach the victim closer than 4 - 5 m indoors and 8 - 10 m outdoors. To release the victim, put on insulating gloves and insulating boots and operate only with an insulated rod or tongs rated for the appropriate voltage. 4.6. If the victim is conscious, but frightened, confused and does not know that in order to free himself from the current he needs to get off the ground, with a sharp shout of "jump" make him act correctly. Providing first aid 4.7. Electric shock. After releasing the victim from the action of electric current, lay him on a bed and cover it warmly, quickly determine the nature of the required first aid within 15 - 20 seconds, arrange for a doctor to be called and take the following measures: 4.7.1. If the victim is breathing and conscious, put him in a comfortable position, unfasten his clothes. Before the doctor arrives, provide the victim with complete rest and access to fresh air, while monitoring his pulse and breathing. Do not allow the victim to get up and move before the arrival of the doctor, and even more so continue to work; 4.7.2. If the victim is unconscious, but his breathing and pulse are stable, keep an eye on them, let him smell ammonia and spray his face with water, ensuring complete rest until the doctor arrives; 4.7.3. In the absence of breathing, as well as infrequent and convulsive breathing, or cardiac arrest (lack of pulse), immediately perform artificial respiration or chest compressions. Begin artificial respiration and heart massage no later than 4-6 minutes from the moment of cessation of cardiac activity and breathing, because. after this period, clinical death occurs. Never bury the victim in the ground. 4.8. Perform artificial respiration "from mouth to mouth" or "from mouth to nose" as follows. Lay the victim on his back, unfasten clothing that restricts breathing, place a roller of clothing under the shoulder blades. Ensure that the airway is clear, which may be obstructed by a sunken tongue or foreign material. To do this, tilt the head of the victim as much as possible, placing one hand under the neck and pressing the other on the forehead. In this position, the mouth usually opens, and the root of the tongue moves to the back of the larynx, providing airway patency. If there is foreign matter in the mouth, turn the victim's shoulders and head to the side and clean the mouth and throat with a bandage, handkerchief or shirt edge wrapped around the index finger. If the mouth does not open, then carefully insert a metal plate, tablet, etc. between the back teeth, open your mouth and, if necessary, clean your mouth and throat. After that, kneel down on either side of the victim’s head and, keeping the head thrown back, take a deep breath and, pressing your mouth tightly (through a handkerchief or gauze) to the victim’s open mouth, blow air into him strongly. At the same time, cover the nose of the victim with the cheek or fingers of the hand on the forehead. Make sure that the air enters the lungs and not the stomach, this is revealed by the distention of the abdomen and the lack of expansion of the chest. If air has entered the stomach, remove it from there quickly by briefly pressing the area of \uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbthe stomach between the sternum and navel. Take measures to free the airways and repeat the blowing of air into the lungs of the victim. After blowing in, release the mouth and nose of the victim for free exit of air from the lungs. For a deeper exhalation, lightly press on the chest. Perform each air injection after 5 seconds, which corresponds to the rhythm of your own breathing. If the jaws of the victim are compressed so tightly that it is not possible to open the mouth, then perform artificial respiration according to the mouth-to-nose method, i.e. blow air into the victim's nose. When the first spontaneous breaths appear, time the artificial breath to coincide with the beginning of the spontaneous breath. Perform artificial respiration until the victim's deep and rhythmic (own) breathing is restored. 4.9. Perform external heart massage in case of cardiac arrest, which is determined by the absence of a pulse, dilated pupils and cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes. When performing an external massage of the victim’s heart, lay the victim on his back on a hard surface or place a board under him, free the chest from clothes and raise his legs by about 0,5 m. 3 - 4 cm above this place along it is determined by the point of pressure. Place the part of the palm adjacent to the wrist joint on the place of pressure, while the fingers should not touch the chest, place the palm of the second hand at a right angle on the back of the palm of the first hand. Make a quick (push) and strong pressure on the sternum and fix it in this position for about 0,5 s, then quickly release it, relaxing your hands, but do not take them away from the sternum. Apply pressure approximately 60 - 80 times per minute. Massage the heart until your own (not supported by massage) regular pulse appears. 4.10. If it is necessary to simultaneously perform artificial respiration and heart massage, the procedure for conducting them and the ratio of the number of injections to the number of pressures on the sternum is determined by the number of persons providing assistance: 4.10.1. If one person is helping, then perform artificial respiration and heart massage in the following order: after two deep breaths, do 15 chest compressions, then again two deep breaths and 15 chest compressions, etc.; 4.10.2. If you provide assistance together, then one makes one blow, and the second after 2 s produces 5-6 pressures on the sternum, etc. 4.11. Perform artificial respiration and heart massage until the body's vital functions are fully restored or until a doctor arrives. 5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work 5.1. Turn off the power to the machine. 5.2. Tidy up your workspace. Remove chips, tools, fixtures from the machine, clean the machine of dirt, wipe and lubricate the rubbing parts of the machine, carefully fold the finished parts and workpieces. 5.3. Remove tools and accessories in a place specially designated for this purpose. 5.4. Remove used cleaning materials in a special box. 5.5. Wash your face and hands with soap and water. 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