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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection during maintenance, repair and operation of motor vehicles. Full Document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection When operating cars, tractors, drivers must be guided by this instruction, as well as:
To independently drive cars, truck cranes, tractors, persons are allowed at least 18 years old who have passed a medical examination, have certificates for the right to drive the appropriate category, an electrical safety qualification group of at least III, who have been instructed, and subsequently periodically checked in knowledge of:
The driver is responsible for compliance with this and other instructions, non-compliance with the requirements is considered as a violation of production discipline. Persons who violate the instructions are liable in accordance with applicable law. The driver, tractor driver must comply with the internal regulations of the enterprise, it is prohibited to drink alcohol, use drugs, smoke in garages, parking lots, boxes, warehouses and fuel and lubricants premises. Requirements for ensuring fire safety, explosion safety. In places of permanent parking, points of deployment and repair of vehicles, boxes with sand with a capacity of 0,5 m3, a fire post should be installed. The premises for the maintenance and repair of vehicles must be separated from the premises for the storage of vehicles, tractors by fireproof walls (partitions) and ceilings. Primary fire-extinguishing equipment and fire equipment must be kept in good condition and be in conspicuous places. They must be freely accessible. Fire extinguishers, sand boxes, water barrels, buckets, handles for shovels and other equipment, unlike household equipment, must be painted red. Fire hydrants in all rooms are equipped with sleeves and trunks, enclosed in cabinets, which should be easy to open, but be sealed. Fire extinguishers are hung or installed in a conspicuous place so that they can be freely, easily and quickly removed. Each box of sand should have two metal shovels. Boxes must be closed with lids. Prohibited in parking lots of vehicles, tractors:
It is not allowed on machines, tractors to protect the electrical circuit with non-standard fuses. All protective devices of electrical equipment must be in perfect working order. Electrical connections must be in good contact, and disconnected wires must be in good contact, and disconnected wires must be securely insulated and secured. The driver, tractor driver is obliged to know and follow the safety rules while on the railway tracks:
Do not:
Be well rested for work. You must have a certificate of knowledge testing with the assignment of an electrical safety group, the right to drive a car, a tractor driver. Keep tools, signal accessories, fire equipment, personal protective equipment in good condition. On the territory of the enterprise, in the garage:
Cars, tractors sent to maintenance or repair posts must be washed and cleaned of dirt and snow. When placing a car, tractor for maintenance or repair, it is necessary to hang a sign on the steering wheel with the inscription "Do not start the engine - people are working." When servicing a car, tractor, a sign with the inscription "Do not touch people working under the car" must be posted on the lift, mechanism or control panel of the lifts. After stopping the car, tractor for a maintenance post or repairing the car, the tractor should be braked with a hand brake, turn on a low gear, turn off the ignition, put stops on the wheels for at least 2. During work related to testing the crankshaft and cardan shafts, it is necessary to additionally check the ignition off, the fuel supply, put the gear lever in the neutral position, and release the handbrake lever. After performing the necessary work, apply the handbrake and re-engage the lower gear. Workers performing maintenance and repair of vehicles, tractors outside the inspection ditch, overpass or lift must be provided with sunbeds. It is forbidden to work without sunbeds on the floor. Do not:
Before servicing and repairing the underbody of the vehicle, it is necessary to strengthen the vehicle, drain the fuel from the fuel tanks and the liquid from the cooling system, tightly close the engine oil drain and remove the battery. It is possible to repair filling stations, tanks, pumps, communications and containers from leaded gasoline only after the complete removal of gasoline residues and neutralization in compliance with personal safety measures, precautions that exclude the possibility of an explosion. If the removal of units and parts is associated with great physical stress, and also creates inconvenience in work (brake and valve springs, drums, etc.), appropriate devices should be used to ensure safety when performing this work. Removal, transportation and installation of the engine, gearbox, rear axle, front axle, body, frame and other units of the car, tractor weighing more than 20 kg should be carried out using lifting and transport mechanisms, mechanisms, devices (grabs), guaranteeing complete safety of work. Trolleys for transportation must have racks and stops that protect the units from falling and spontaneous movement along the platform. Before removing the engine, gearbox, rear axle, radiator, and other parts or assemblies associated with the cooling and lubrication systems of the vehicle, tractor, you must first drain the oil and coolant into special tanks without spilling. When carrying out maintenance and repair of vehicles, tractors outside the enterprise, the same safety rules must be observed. To prevent diseases of the skin of the hands in contact with gasoline, diesel fuel and lubricants, use protective ointments (biological gloves). At the end of work related to the use of protective pastes, wash your hands with soap and water. After washing your hands, it is recommended to lubricate them with boron vaseline or lanolin cream, lightly rubbing into the skin. In cases of injury and detection of malfunctions on cars, tractors, tools, the driver must inform the head of the workshop. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work Before leaving the line, the head of the workshop, together with the driver, who is responsible for the production of the car, tractor, is obliged to check the technical serviceability of the vehicle and make a note in the waybill. The head of the workshop (the person responsible for the operation of the car, tractor) is obliged before leaving to instruct the driver about the working conditions on the line and the features of the cargo being transported, issue the driver a waybill /, and when sending the driver on a trip lasting more than 1 day, check that the car, tractor is equipped with the necessary devices , equipment, inventory, metal tragus, a shovel, towing devices, a safety fork for the lock ring, and in winter - snow chains. When directing a driver, tractor driver on a trip lasting more than 1 day, the workshop management is obliged to write down points and places of rest for the driver, tractor driver and persons accompanying the car in the waybill and inform the driver, tractor driver about the work and rest schedule. It is forbidden during parking for drivers, tractor drivers, loaders and other persons to rest or sleep in the cab, cabin or closed body with the engine running. Before transporting passengers in a truck, the driver is obliged to instruct passengers on the order of boarding and disembarking, to warn them that it is forbidden to stand in the back of a moving vehicle. Transportation of children in trucks is prohibited. Do not:
Leaving the cab of the car, tractor on the carriageway, the driver must first make sure that there is no traffic in the same direction as in the opposite direction. Before leaving the line, the driver must:
When working in mountainous conditions, the driver, tractor driver must be familiar with the peculiarities of the route (road surface, dangerous descents and ascents, turns, etc.) and the nature of the goods being transported. Drivers, tractor operators who do not have the necessary experience and work experience can be sent on a trip. On a mountain road after passing the briefing only as part of groups, (columns), cars, tractors. The technical condition of the equipment of the car, tractor must ensure the start of the car using a starter, trouble-free and timely ignition of the mixture in the engine cylinders, trouble-free operation of lighting, signaling and electrical control devices, and also exclude the possibility of using wires and clamps. All wires of electrical equipment must have reliable, undamaged insulation. The battery must be securely fastened. Do not leak electrolyte from the battery. Each car, tractor must be provided with stops for placing under the wheels, a first-aid kit, an emergency stop sign, and a fire extinguisher. Before starting the engine, the vehicle must be braked and the gear lever placed in the neutral position. Start the engine of a car, tractor with a starter. The starter handle may only be used in exceptional cases. Traffic on the territory and in the production premises of the enterprise is regulated by the rules of the road, established by road signs. The speed of vehicles on the territory of the enterprise should not exceed 10 km / h, and in production premises - 5 km / h For the transportation of passengers, the body of a flatbed truck must be equipped with a ladder or brackets for boarding and disembarking, seats at a convenient height from the floor, but not less than 15 cm from the top edge of the sides. The rear and longitudinally located at the side boards seats must have strong backs, the number of people transported must not exceed the number of equipped seats, a removable fire extinguisher with a capacity of at least 2 liters must be installed outside the cab The exhaust pipe of the muffler of a truck intended for the transport of people must be extended beyond the dimensions of the car body by 30-50 cm. 3. Labor protection requirements during work During the movement of a car, tractor, the driver, tractor driver must be guided by the requirements of: Rules of the road, road signs, markings, road equipment, as well as traffic controllers. To ensure road safety, the driver, tractor driver must:
Do not:
Maintenance and repair of vehicles must be carried out in accordance with the rules and regulations for labor protection when performing certain types of repairs. Checking the technical condition of cars, tractors and their units. The technical condition of the vehicle, tractor and its units should be checked during the release to the line and return from the line with the engine off and the wheels locked, with the exception of this when testing the brakes, checking the operation of the power supply and ignition system. When testing and testing the brakes on the go, the following requirements must be observed:
Washing cars, tractors, aggregates and parts, the following requirements must be observed:
When washing vehicle units and parts, the following conditions must be observed:
Do not use gasoline or other flammable substances to clean parts. Work with the use of closed fire in the area of washing posts is prohibited. Ladders, the paths along which the washer is used during manual washing, must have a rough surface. Battery Works: Rechargeable batteries (AB) weighing more than 20 kg should be transported on the territory of the enterprise on special carts, the platforms of which exclude the possibility of falling batteries. When carrying small-sized batteries by hand, it is necessary to use devices (grabs, stretchers) and take precautions to avoid dousing with electrolyte. It is necessary to prepare an acid electrolyte in special vessels (ceramic, plastic, etc.), while first pouring distilled water, and then pouring acid into it. Acid should be poured from bottles with the help of devices (rocking chairs, siphons, etc.). It is forbidden to move the acid manually, as well as to pour water into the acid. Bottles with acid or electrolyte are allowed to be carried together on a special stretcher that excludes the fall of betels, or transported by firmly fixing them on trolleys and tightly closing the corks on the bottles. When preparing an alkaline electrolyte vessel with a rag soaked in hot water. Large pieces of caustic potassium must be crushed, covering them with a clean cloth to prevent the scattering of small particles. Having poured distilled water into a clean steel, porcelain or plastic vessel, you need to put pieces of crushed caustic potassium with steel tongs or a metal spoon and mix until it is completely dissolved with a glass or ebonite rod. The batteries installed for charging are connected to each other with tight-fitting (spring) clamps (for acid batteries) or flat tips (for special batteries), which have a reliable electrical contact that excludes the possibility of sparking. It is forbidden to connect the AB clamps with a twisted wire. Control over the course of the charge should be carried out using special devices (thermocouple, load fork, hydrometer, etc.). it is forbidden to check the battery with a short circuit. Do not:
The battery compartment should contain a washbasin, soap, cotton wool in a package, a towel and closed vessels with 5 and 10% neutralizing solution of baking soda (for gas). When operating alkaline batteries, a 5-10% solution of boric acid is used as a neutralizing solution. If acid, alkali or electrolyte comes into contact with exposed parts of the body, immediately wash this area of the body first with a neutralizing solution, and then with soap and water. Copper-tinsmith and body work. When performing copper-tin and body work, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment. Cabins and bodies to be repaired must be installed and securely fixed on special stands. It is forbidden to edit parts that are on weight. Wings and other sheet steel parts must be cleaned of rust with a wire brush before straightening. When manufacturing parts and patches from sheet steel, as well as when cutting damaged, sharp corners, edges and burrs must be cleaned. Do not:
Carrying, straightening and cutting sheet metal parts is only allowed in gloves. When servicing and repairing bodies, cabins, it is necessary to use scaffolds and portable ladders or ladders. Working on random stands is prohibited. Before repairing and soldering containers from flammable liquids, you must first rinse with hot water, steam and then rinse with caustic soda and dry with hot air until traces of flammable liquids are completely removed. Soldering should be done with open plugs. It is allowed to perform soldering after filling the container with hot water. Acid pickling should be carried out in an unbreakable acid-resistant container and only in a fume hood. When pickling, it is forbidden to lower a large amount of zinc into acid at once. Blowtorches before starting work and periodically should be inspected and tested. When working with a blowtorch, you must follow the rules:
Do not:
Welding works. Persons engaged in the performance of work must use personal protective equipment. When carrying out welding work above the fuel tank or in the immediate vicinity of it, the tank must be removed. To carry out welding work in places inaccessible directly from the ground, it is allowed to work from a ladder-ladder. When gas welding under the vehicle, oil must not get on the hoses and the torch. Do not:
When carrying out electric welding work, ground the frame of the car, tractor and body. Close the fuel tank with a sheet of iron or asbestos to prevent sparks from falling on it. Vulcanization works. Premises for the production of vulcanization works must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. Vulcanizing apparatus must be tested and verified. When repairing tires, move the knife blade away from you (from the hand in which the material is clamped), and not towards you. You can only work with a knife that has a serviceable handle and a sharply sharpened blade. After cleaning the damaged area, the patch is pressed against the repaired chamber with a clamp screw and vulcanization is carried out. Painting works When painting with a spray gun, at the beginning of work, you should first check the serviceability of the hoses, paint sprayer, pressure gauge and safety valve, personal protective equipment and general ventilation. When working with a spray gun, the air hoses at the connections must be firmly fixed to prevent them from being torn off by compressed air pressure. Disconnect the hoses of the pneumatic spray guns only after the air supply has been cut off. In order to avoid excessive leakage and in order to reduce contamination of the working area with aerosol vapors of paints and varnishes, when painting with a spray gun, the paint sprayer should be held perpendicular to the surface to be painted at a distance of no more than 350 mm from it. It is forbidden to use enamels, paints, primers containing lead compounds for spray painting. Paints and varnishes which include dichloroethane, methanol are allowed to be used only when painting with a brush. Do not:
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and warm water after painting and before eating. After working with paints containing lead compounds, you must first wash your hands with a 1% solution of soda ash, then wash your face, hands with warm water and soap, rinse your mouth and brush your teeth. Safety precautions when using leaded gasoline. Leaded gasoline is intended for engine fuel only. It is forbidden to use it for other purposes (lighting, mixed with kerosene, work in blowtorches, cleaning clothes, etc.). It is possible to transport and store leaded gasoline only in serviceable tanks, metal barrels with tight-fitting lids, stoppers on gasoline-resistant gaskets. At the same time, the container must have an indelible inscription in large print "Leaded gasoline". When leaded gasoline spills and gets on cars, equipment, sites, all flooded places must be immediately cleaned and neutralized (filled with sand, sawdust, and then degassed with dichloroethane or bleach). It is allowed to refuel vehicles with leaded gasoline from a gas station with hoses equipped with dispensing pistols. It is forbidden to refuel vehicles with leaded gasoline using buckets, watering cans, etc. When purging the fuel system or pouring leaded gasoline, it is forbidden to suck gasoline by mouth. Safety precautions when using antifreeze. Antifreeze should be transported and stored in serviceable metal cans with airtight lids. Antifreeze must not be transported together with people, animals, food. Do not:
Before filling the engine cooling system with antifreeze, you must:
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling antifreeze. In case of accidental ingestion of antifreeze, the victim should be immediately sent to a medical facility. It is forbidden to allow to work with the use of drivers (tractor drivers) and other persons who are not familiar with the rules of its use. 4. Labor protection requirements at the end of work When the tractor vehicle is returned from the line, they must be placed in the designated storage area. When parking a vehicle (tractor) in a parking area, the engine must be switched off. It is forbidden to start the engine for any purpose, except for the car (tractor) leaving the premises. On the car (tractor) in the place of parking (storage), the "ground" switch must be turned off or the battery must be disconnected from the electrical wiring of the car (tractor). The car (tractor) must be installed in a clean state at the parking place. In the premises intended for the parking place, as well as in parking lots under a canopy or platforms, it is prohibited:
5. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations In the event of a car (tractor) stopping, leaving the cab on the carriageway, the driver (tractor driver) must first make sure that there is no movement both in the same direction and in the opposite direction. When a car (tractor) is forced to stop on the side of the road or at the edge of the carriageway for repairs, the driver (tractor driver) must put up an emergency stop sign or a flashing red light at a distance of 24-30m behind the car (tractor). Before lifting a part of the car (tractor) with a jack, it is necessary to brake the car (tractor) with a hand brake and install supports (shoes) under the non-lifting wheels. When hanging a car (tractor) on a dirt surface, it is necessary to level the jack installation site, place a wide pad under the jack, on which to install the jack. The car raised by a jack should not have an inclination. Before driving the car (tractor) back, the driver must make sure that no one is driving around him and that there are no people or any obstacles in the vicinity. In conditions of poor visibility from behind (due to loads in the body, when reversing out of the gate, etc.), it is necessary to require the allocation of a person to organize the movement of the car. Towing of defective vehicles (tractors) must be carried out by technical assistance vehicles equipped with trailers. When towing vehicles (tractors), the following requirements must be observed:
Start the car (tractor) engine using a starter. The starter handle may only be used in exceptional cases. To start the engine with the starting handle, the following rules must be observed:
It is prohibited to start the engine by towing the vehicle. See other articles Section Occupational Safety and Health
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