Free technical library

Instruction on labor protection for an electrician on the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

 Comments on the article

Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination upon admission to work, are recognized as fit to perform the specified work and have received a certificate of the qualification group for electrical safety not lower than the third are allowed to work as an electrician.

1.2. An electrician who is hired must undergo an introductory briefing on labor protection, industrial sanitation, fire safety, techniques and methods of providing first aid to victims, must be familiarized with the working conditions, rights and benefits for working in harmful and dangerous working conditions, on the rules of conduct in case of accidents.

1.3. Before starting work directly at the workplace, the electrician must undergo an initial briefing on safe methods of work.

On the conduct of introductory briefing and briefing at the workplace, appropriate entries are made in the Logbook for the registration of introductory briefings on labor protection issues and the Logbook for the registration of briefings on labor protection issues.

At the same time, the signatures of both the one who was instructed and the one who instructed are required.

1.4. After the initial briefing at the workplace, the electrician must, for 2-15 shifts (depending on length of service, experience and nature of work), undergo an internship under the guidance of an experienced qualified electrician, who is appointed by order (instruction) for the enterprise.

1.5. Repeated briefing on the rules and methods of safe work and labor protection, the electrician must pass:

• periodically, at least once a quarter;
• with unsatisfactory knowledge of labor protection no later than a month;
• in connection with an admitted case of injury or violation of labor protection requirements that did not lead to injury.

1.6. An electrician must work in overalls and other personal protective equipment provided for by the Model Industry Standards: cotton semi-overalls, combined gloves.

1.7. Electricians who service electrical equipment must use the following protective equipment: dielectric gloves, mats and dielectric galoshes or boots, as well as tools with insulated handles.

1.8. All protective equipment must be stamped with the date of the next test and the voltage at which it is necessary to use these equipment.

1.9. Rubber protectors should be stored in closed cabinets or drawers separate from the tool.

It is necessary to prevent exposure to lubricating oils, gasoline and other substances that destroy rubber.

Rubber protective equipment must be inspected and cleaned of dirt before use, and when the surface is moistened, they must be thoroughly wiped and dried.

It is forbidden to use products that have punctures and cracks.

1.10. An electrician is prohibited from using protective equipment that has not passed the established tests, as well as those whose next test period has expired.

1.11. Periodic (control) tests of protective equipment should be carried out at the following times:

• once every two years - insulating pliers for installations with permanent staff on duty;
• once every 6 months - dielectric gloves;
• once a year - dielectric galoshes;
• every three years - insulating supports (inspection).

1.12. All installation and repair work on electrical networks and devices (or near them), as well as work on connecting and disconnecting wires, must be carried out by electricians under the condition of de-energized.

1.13. Replace blown fuses by electricians with the power off.

1.14. Do not install or replace live electric lamps.

1.15. When repairing and maintaining electrical equipment, an electrician must use hand-held portable lamps.

For portable lamps during the repair of electrical equipment, the voltage should not exceed 42 V, and in especially dangerous places (mines, wells, metal tanks, boilers) - not exceed 12 V.

It is forbidden to use stationary lamps instead of hand-held portable ones.

1.16. Plugs that are used in networks with a voltage of 12 V and 42 V must not be used in networks with a higher rated voltage.

1.17. Plug connections for 12 V and 42 V must have a color that is very different from the colors of plug connections for voltages above 42 V.

1.18. Electric tools, portable lamps, step-down transformers must be checked by an electrician once a month for the absence of a short to the case, for the integrity of the ground wire, and the integrity of the insulation of the supply wires.

1.19. The electrician must include electric motors, power tools, electric lighting devices in the network using devices and devices intended for this (buttons, knife switches, automatic switches, magnetic starters).

It is forbidden to connect electric motors, power tools and electric lighting devices to the mains by twisting the wires.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, the electrician must put on overalls and, if necessary, special shoes and personal protective equipment, after checking their service life.

2.2. Check the serviceability of electrical equipment, the condition of insulating supports, grids, starting devices, grounding, etc.

Check hand tool:

• handles of wire cutters and pliers must be insulated;
• the working part of the screwdriver must be properly sharpened, and the handle firmly mounted and insulated;
• wrenches must be serviceable and match the size of the nuts.

It is forbidden to use gaskets and extend the keys with pipes.

2.3. Hand tools should be stored in a carrying case or tool bag.

2.4. Get a work permit or a verbal order for the upcoming work.

An oral order for the upcoming work must be recorded in the operational journal. At the same time, it is noted who gave the order, the place and name of the work, the deadline for its implementation.

2.5. View entries in the log about malfunctions, violations of labor protection for previous shifts.

2.6. Make sure that the switching on and off devices, alarms and interlocks are in good condition.

2.7. Check the serviceability of lighting fixtures, electrical wiring and fixtures, lamps. Adjust local lighting so that the work area is well lit and the light does not blind the eyes.

2.8. To prepare the workplace for robots with partial or complete stress relief, it is necessary to perform the following technical measures:

• carry out the necessary shutdowns and take measures to prevent the supply of voltage to the place of work due to erroneous or arbitrary switching on of the switching equipment (install a mechanical lock for the reasons of switches, knife switches and disconnectors, insulating gaskets in knife switches, etc.);
• hang out posters: "Do not turn on - people are working", "Do not turn on - work on the line", "Do not open - people are working", and, if necessary, install a barrier;
• connect portable grounding devices to the grounding device;
• check the absence of voltage on conductive parts that must be grounded;
• ground the conductive parts (immediately after checking the absence of voltage), turn on the grounding knives or, if there are none, apply a portable ground;
• to protect the workplace and hang out posters: "Stop - high voltage!", "Don't get in - it will kill you!", "Work here";
• if necessary, shield conductive parts that remain energized.

2.9. Check with a voltage indicator or a portable voltmeter that there is no voltage in electrical installations up to 1000 V.

2.10. Check the serviceability of the voltage indicator for the absence of voltage. In this case, dielectric gloves are used.

2.11. Check the availability of grounding of electrical installations at a voltage of 500 V and above (replaceable and direct current - in all cases) of electrical equipment enclosures installed in rooms with increased danger, in especially dangerous ones, and in external installations with a rated voltage above 42 V alternating current and 110 V DC, as well as installed in explosive rooms.

2.12. In electrical installations, the design of which is such that grounding is dangerous or impossible (for example, in some distribution boxes, control and distribution devices of certain types, etc.), when preparing the workplace, it is necessary to take the following safety measures:

• lock the disconnector lead;
• the fencing of the knives or the upper contacts of the disconnectors is to be carried out with rubber caps or hard plates made of insulating material.

2.13. The parts to be grounded are:

• housings of electrical machines, transformers, devices, lamps;
• drives of electrical devices;
• secondary windings of measuring transformers;
• frames of switchboards, control panels, boards and cabinets;
• metal structures of switchgears;
• metal cable structures;
• metal cases of cable boxes;
• metal sheaths and armor of control and power cables;
• metal sheaths of wires;
• steel pipes for electrical wiring and other structures associated with the installation of electrical equipment;
• metal cases of mobile and portable electrical receivers.

2.14. It is necessary to constantly monitor the reliability of the connection and the serviceability of the grounding device.

It is forbidden to use for grounding any conductors not intended for this purpose, as well as to connect groundings with a twist.

2.15. When carrying out work on the disconnected part of the electrical installation, grounding is applied to the conductive parts of the phases from all sides, from where voltage can be applied, including reverse transformation.

It is necessary to apply grounding immediately after checking the absence of voltage.

2.16. When using portable grounding devices, before checking them for lack of voltage, they must be placed near the grounding points and connected to the ground terminal.

Portable grounding clamps must be applied in dielectric gloves to grounded conductive parts using a rod made of insulating material.

It is allowed to fix the clamps with the same rod or directly with your hands, but it is imperative to use dielectric gloves.

2.17. The removal of portable grounding using rods and dielectric gloves must be carried out in the reverse order, that is, first remove it from conductive parts, and then disconnect it from the grounding device.

The application and removal of portable grounding in installations with voltages above 1000 V must be carried out by two electricians with a qualification group of at least four, who are familiar with the electrical installation diagram.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. It is allowed to carry out work without removing the voltage in electrical installations with a voltage of 500 V and below. This work must be carried out by at least two electricians. In this case, it is necessary:

• work in dielectric galoshes or standing on an insulating base (insulating stand);
• use tools with insulated handles (screwdrivers must also have an insulated shaft). In the absence of such a tool, it is necessary to use dielectric gloves;
• to enclose adjacent conductive parts under voltage, which may be accidentally touched, with insulating gaskets (rubber mats, electric cardboard, micanite sheets, etc.);
• work with the sleeves of clothing lowered and buttoned near the brushes and in a headdress.

3.2. When working on live parts with the help of basic protective insulating means (operational and measuring rods, voltage indicators, insulating and current clamps, etc.), it is necessary:

• use only dry insulating agents with intact varnish;
• hold the insulating means by the grip handles no further than the restrictive ring;
• position the insulating means so that there is no risk of flashover over the surface of the insulation between the conductive parts of two phases or to earth.

3.3. It is forbidden to use hacksaws, files and metal meters when working under voltage.

3.4. Replace the fuse links in the presence of a knife switch should be when the voltage is off. If it is impossible to remove the voltage (for example, on group boards, assemblies), the replacement of fuse links is allowed under voltage, but with the load removed; the last requirement does not apply to fuses with closed fuse-links.

3.5. The electrician must replace the fuse links of the fuses under voltage in goggles and dielectric gloves, using insulating tongs.

3.6. Fuse-links can be replaced by an electrician with a qualification of at least the third group, and when replacing at a height from ladders - two electricians, one of whom must have a qualification group of at least the third.

3.7. Switching on and off, which are carried out on switchboards, in intrashop and external networks from attached ladders and scaffolds, and also where these operations are difficult due to local conditions, must be performed by two electricians, one of which must have a qualification group not lower than the third.

3.8. In the event that the shutdown of electrical equipment was carried out at the oral request of personnel to carry out some work, the next switching on of this equipment can be performed at the request of the person who submitted the request for shutdown, who replaced him, or the authorized person replacing him at this time. Before starting the equipment, temporarily disconnected at the request of the personnel, the operational personnel must inspect it, make sure that it is ready to receive voltage and warn those who work on it about turning it on.

3.9. When a ground fault is detected, it is forbidden to approach the fault location at a distance of less than 4-5 m in closed and less than 8-10 m in open switchgears.

3.10. To prevent the voltage from the low side to the high side, the low side instrument transformers must be turned off.

3.11. When detecting malfunctions in electrical devices (sparks, flashes, damage to the insulation of electrical wires, cables, etc.), as well as conductive parts left without fencing, the electrician must inform the master.

3.12. In rooms with increased danger, it is necessary to apply additional security measures that determine the persons who issue the order or give orders.

3.13. In fire hazardous premises of all classes, it is necessary to apply:

• electrical wiring only protected (for example, wire brand VRG, cable or wire PR and PV in steel tubes);
• portable luminaires of closed design only. The glass dome must be protected by a steel mesh.

3.14. Lighting fittings (glass domes, reflectors, metal parts, etc.) and lamps of all types of lighting should be cleaned within the following periods:

• four times a month - in rooms with significant industrial dust emissions;
• twice a month - in rooms with minor industrial dust emissions;
• twice a year - in external installations.

3.15. Dust inside the electrical equipment should be removed within the time limits:

• twice a year - for electrical machines with normal sparking parts;
• once every 2-3 months - for electrical equipment installed on mechanisms that experience shaking, vibration, etc.;
• once a year - for the rest of the equipment.

3.16. It is forbidden while working in explosive installations:

• repair electrical equipment and networks under voltage;
• operate electrical equipment with a faulty locking of the covers of the apparatus;
• turn on an electrical installation that has automatically turned off without finding out and eliminating the reasons for its shutdown;
• overload explosion-proof electrical equipment, wires and cables above the nominal parameters;
• connect to the power sources of intrinsically safe devices other devices and circles that are not included in the set of these devices;
• leave wide open the doors of rooms and vestibules that separate explosive rooms from other rooms;
• replace burnt out electric lamps in explosive lamps with other types of lamps or lamps of higher power than those for which the lamp is designed;
• replace the protection (thermal elements, fuses, releases) of electrical equipment with other types of protection or protection with other nominal parameters for which this electrical equipment is not designed;
• operate electrical equipment with low oil level.

3.17. When working at height, on poles of an overhead power line or from ladders or platforms, which are carried out when the power is turned off, you must make sure that there is no voltage on the line, as well as that the pole is strong. When starting work on a pole, it is necessary to tie a warning belt to it and work standing on both legs. It is forbidden to climb onto the supports and get off them without claws. These works are performed by at least two electricians.

3.18. When working from stairs, light and strong portable ladders and ladders should be used. Steps should be rectangular, incised. It is forbidden to use ladders knocked down with nails, without cutting steps and without tightening the bowstring with bolts, as well as without sharp metal spikes (when working on soft stands) and rubber tips (when working on hard stands).

The ladder must not sag under the weight of the electrician. Sliding ladders must be firmly connected to each other with hooks that do not allow arbitrary separation during operation.

Stepladders attached to pipelines must have special hooks at their upper ends for gripping the pipe.

3.19. It is forbidden to use random objects for coasters (boxes, barrels, etc.). It is necessary to use stands of standard design.

When working with a hand tool, do not place it on electrical wires and electrical equipment.

3.20. Use electrified tools (drills, wrenches, grinders, etc.) provided that they are in full working order and at a voltage of no more than 220 V, and in rooms with increased danger - no more than 42 V.

The case of a power tool that operates at voltages above 42 V (regardless of frequency) must be grounded. Rubber gloves must be worn when working with power tools.

3.21. The electrician must not turn on the knife switches and starter buttons with foreign objects and determine the heating temperature of electrical machines and transformers with the touch of a hand.

3.22. It is forbidden to remove posters, grounding and fencing without the permission of the work manager.

3.23. Electrical wires should be protected from mechanical damage and from contact with steel ropes, hot surfaces, hoses of gas-flame equipment, oils and acids, which destroy the insulation. In damp rooms, they should be hung on stands.

3.24. Splicing power cables and wires should only be done by hot soldering, welding or couplings with splicing insulation equivalent to undamaged insulation of cables and wires.

3.25. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps at a voltage of 220 V may be installed at a height of at least 2,5 m. At a lower height, they can only be installed if their contact parts are not accessible for accidental contact.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. At the end of the work, the electrician must:

• remove tools, devices, devices;
• turn off technological electrified equipment, machines, ventilation;
• take off overalls, protective and protective equipment and devices, clean from dust and other dirt and take them to the place designated for storage and change clothes. Then wash your face and hands with warm water and soap or take a shower.

4.2. When transferring a shift, inform the shift worker, foreman or administration of the road organization about all noticed malfunctions and make an appropriate entry in the log about this.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. In the event of an emergency, the electrician must immediately turn off the current in the event of:

• fire in the work area;
• injury suffered by any of the service personnel;
• electric shock.

5.2. Having noticed a fire, the electrician must immediately begin to extinguish the fire with the available means and inform the shift supervisor.

The shift supervisor determines the source of the fire, possible ways of its spread and the need to turn off electrical equipment in the fire zone.

To do this, the switching equipment is turned off, oil is drained from the oil-filling equipment, and hydrogen is displaced from the hydrogen cooling system.

The equipment is turned off without an order, but with a subsequent message to the duty officer of the enterprise.

To extinguish a fire in electrical installations, an electrician must use carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, dry sand, asbestos or coarse wool cloth.

5.3. If it is not possible to extinguish the fire on their own, the electrician or shift supervisor should immediately call the nearest fire brigade by telephone, radio or any other means of communication.

5.4. In case of accidents, the electrician must be able to provide the victim with first aid, if necessary, call an ambulance and inform the administration.

5.5. In the event of an electric shock, the electrician must immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to disconnect, pull him away from the conductive parts by clothing or using insulating material at hand.

5.6. If the victim has no breathing and pulse, the electrician must give him artificial respiration and an indirect (external) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In such a state, resuscitation should begin immediately, after which an ambulance should be called and the administration should be informed of the accident.

5.7. An electrician must be able to provide first aid for burns. Do not remove clothes from the burnt place and remove linen that has stuck to the wound.

In case of eye burns with an electric arc, it is necessary to make cold lotions with a solution of boric acid.

See other articles Section Occupational Safety and Health

 We recommend interesting articles Section Standard instructions for labor protection:

▪ Mechanic for repair and preventive maintenance of livestock farms. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ The driver of a self-propelled roller with smooth rollers. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ Work on sewing machines and automatic machines. Standard instruction on labor protection

See other articles Section Standard instructions for labor protection.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Artificial leather for touch emulation 15.04.2024

In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>

Petgugu Global cat litter 15.04.2024

Taking care of pets can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to keeping your home clean. A new interesting solution from the Petgugu Global startup has been presented, which will make life easier for cat owners and help them keep their home perfectly clean and tidy. Startup Petgugu Global has unveiled a unique cat toilet that can automatically flush feces, keeping your home clean and fresh. This innovative device is equipped with various smart sensors that monitor your pet's toilet activity and activate to automatically clean after use. The device connects to the sewer system and ensures efficient waste removal without the need for intervention from the owner. Additionally, the toilet has a large flushable storage capacity, making it ideal for multi-cat households. The Petgugu cat litter bowl is designed for use with water-soluble litters and offers a range of additional ... >>

The attractiveness of caring men 14.04.2024

The stereotype that women prefer "bad boys" has long been widespread. However, recent research conducted by British scientists from Monash University offers a new perspective on this issue. They looked at how women responded to men's emotional responsibility and willingness to help others. The study's findings could change our understanding of what makes men attractive to women. A study conducted by scientists from Monash University leads to new findings about men's attractiveness to women. In the experiment, women were shown photographs of men with brief stories about their behavior in various situations, including their reaction to an encounter with a homeless person. Some of the men ignored the homeless man, while others helped him, such as buying him food. A study found that men who showed empathy and kindness were more attractive to women compared to men who showed empathy and kindness. ... >>

Random news from the Archive Fingerprint sensors in cameras and lenses 22.01.2018 Fingerprint sensors have already become commonplace in smartphones, where they prevent the use of devices by strangers, reducing the attractiveness of smartphones in the eyes of thieves. Canon came up with the idea to extend this practice to photographic equipment. A Japanese manufacturer has filed a patent application that describes the integration of fingerprint sensors into cameras and lenses. Fingerprint security could make photo theft less attractive As conceived by the inventors, the recognition results can be used not only to unlock, but also to select a specific function. In this case, the sensor plays the role of a programmable button, the purpose of which depends on which finger the user "pressed" it. Another application of the development is related to the ability to register several users in the camera and automatically activate the settings corresponding to the one who currently took the camera in hand.

Other interesting news:

▪ Exoplanet magnetic field estimated for the first time

▪ Electronic tablet instead of textbooks and notebooks

▪ The brain is able to remember foreign words in a dream

▪ The mercury we breathe

▪ A decrease in the vibration of the Earth has been recorded

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Biographies of great scientists. Article selection

▪ article Demographic problem and environment. Fundamentals of safe life

▪ article Whose Nobel medals were hidden from the Nazis in dissolved form? Detailed answer

▪ Article Bird's buckwheat. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Probe of oxide capacitors. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article 160m transceiver (UA1FA). Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024