Whose Nobel medals were hidden from the Nazis in dissolved form? Detailed answer

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Whose Nobel medals were hidden from the Nazis in dissolved form? Detailed answer

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Whose Nobel medals were hidden from the Nazis in dissolved form?

In Nazi Germany, the acceptance of the Nobel Prize was banned after the 1935 Peace Prize was awarded to the opponent of National Socialism, Karl von Ossietzky. German physicists Max von Laue and James Frank entrusted the custody of their gold medals to Niels Bohr. When the Germans occupied Copenhagen in 1940, the chemist de Hevesy dissolved these medals in aqua regia. After the end of the war, de Hevesy extracted the gold hidden in aqua regia and gave it to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. They made new medals and re-handed them to von Laue and Frank.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What did Louis XVI ask his executioner on his way to the place of execution?

January 21, 1793, going to the guillotine, deposed from the French throne, Louis Capet asked his executioner: "Is there any news about La Perouse?"

The French navigator Jean-Francois de Galo Laperouse in 1785 led an exploratory Pacific expedition on the frigates Bussol and Astrolabe. Rounding Cape Horn, La Perouse went to Easter Island, the Hawaiian Islands, Mount St. Elias near the Gulf of Alaska. It then followed the west coast of North America from 60 degrees to 36 degrees 30 minutes north and crossed the Pacific Ocean. From the Philippines, it passed through the East China and Japan Seas to the Tatar Strait to Chikhachev Bay.

Following then from Cape Zhonkier along the coast of Sakhalin south to Cape Crillon, La Perouse discovered Moneron Island, and then passed through the strait between the islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaido (later named after him) and headed for Kamchatka. From Petropavlovsk he sent to Paris (via St. Petersburg) a report on the expedition and maps. Then he led the frigates to the Samoa Islands, where he discovered the island of Savaii, and to Australia - in Port Jackson Bay.

In 1788, the expedition left Sydney to the north and went missing. In 1826, the English captain Dillon and in 1828 the French navigator Dumont-Durville found some things of the expedition on the island of Vanikoro (from the Santa Cruz group) and near the reefs near it. In 1964, the French expedition Brasar found the remains of a sunken frigate.

It is curious that when La Perouse selected the crews of ships, many bright and energetic people turned to him, among whom was the young artillery officer Napoleon Bonaparte, who, like most others, was refused. What path would world history have taken if La Perouse had taken the ambitious Corsican into his team?

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

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Neurocomputer interface implanted in human 30.07.2022

The brain-computer interface has become a reality in the United States (albeit limited so far). Synchron says it has become the first company in the country to successfully implant a brain-machine interface into a human.

Doctors at New York's Mount Sinai West Medical Center implanted a Stentrode device into the motor cortex of a patient who agreed to take part in the COMMAND experiment sponsored by Synchron. Its purpose is to evaluate the usefulness and safety of brain-computer interfaces in enabling people suffering from severe paralysis to control the device without using their hands.

Ideally, Stentrode's technology should enable these people to self-send emails, text messages, and perform other digital tasks that healthy people take for granted.

Surgeons installed the implant through an endovascular procedure that avoided major open-brain surgery by inserting it through the jugular vein. The operation went "extremely well" and, according to Synchron, the patient was able to return home within 48 hours. The ongoing experiment in Australia is also going well, with four patients who received implants a year ago doing well.

It is clear that by the time when doctors can offer the installation of Synchron brain-computer interfaces to all patients in need, a lot of time will pass.

In July 2021, the company received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to perform an interface implantation operation in humans under the COMMAND pilot program, which is still active at the time of this writing.

The US procedure was a significant step forward. It will allow people suffering from paralysis to regain the ability to independently control their lives. It also testifies to the victory of Synchron in the competition - Elon Musk, for example, has not yet received FDA approval for the use of implants developed by his company.

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