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Occupational safety instructions for electricians servicing substations. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. The instruction on labor protection is a document that establishes requirements for the safe performance of work for employees.

1.2. Knowledge of the Instructions on labor protection is mandatory for all employees.

1.3. The head of the structural unit is obliged to create conditions at the workplace that meet the requirements of labor protection, provide employees with protective equipment and organize their study of this Instruction.

Each enterprise must develop and communicate to all personnel safe routes through the territory of the enterprise to the place of work and evacuation plans in case of fire and emergency.

1.4. Each employee must:

• comply with the requirements of this Instruction;
• immediately report to your immediate supervisor, and in his absence, to a higher manager about the accident that has occurred and about all violations of the Instructions he has noticed, as well as about malfunctions of structures, equipment and protective devices;
• keep the workplace and equipment clean and tidy;
• ensure the safety of protective equipment, tools, devices, fire extinguishing equipment and documentation on labor protection at their workplace.

For violation of the requirements of the Instruction, the employee is liable in accordance with applicable law.

2. General safety requirements

2.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a preliminary medical examination and have no contraindications to perform this work are allowed to work in this profession.

2.2. An employee undergoes an introductory briefing upon hiring. Before admission to independent work, he must pass:

• training in professional training programs;
• initial briefing at the workplace;
• test of knowledge of instructions:
• on labor protection;
• to provide first aid to victims of accidents at work;
• on the use of protective equipment necessary for the safe performance of work;
• on fire safety.

For workers who have the right to prepare a workplace, access, the right to be a work performer, a supervisor and a member of a team, it is necessary to test their knowledge of the Interindustry Rules for Safety (Safety Rules) for the Operation of Electrical Installations (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) to the extent corresponding to the responsibilities of those responsible for labor protection .

2.3. Admission to independent work is issued by an appropriate order for the structural unit of the enterprise.

2.4. A newly hired employee is issued a qualification certificate, in which an appropriate entry must be made about checking knowledge of the instructions and rules specified in clause 2.2, and about the right to perform special work.

The qualification certificate for on-duty personnel during the performance of official duties may be kept by the shop shift supervisor or with him in accordance with local conditions.

2.5. Employees who have not passed the knowledge test within the established time limits are not allowed to work independently.

2.6. The employee in the process of work must pass:

• repeated briefings - at least once a quarter;
• verification of knowledge of the instructions for labor protection and the current instructions for providing first aid to victims of accidents at work - once a year;
• medical examination - once every two years;
• checking the knowledge of the Rules for employees who have the right to prepare a workplace, admission, the right to be a foreman, supervisor or team member - once a year.

2.7. Employees who have received an unsatisfactory mark during a qualification test are not allowed to work independently and must undergo a second test no later than one month.

In case of violation of labor protection rules, depending on the nature of the violation, an unscheduled briefing or an extraordinary knowledge test is carried out.

2.8. The victim or eyewitness must immediately notify his/her immediate supervisor of each accident or accident.

2.9. Each employee must know the location of the first aid kit and be able to use it.

2.10. If faulty devices, tools and protective equipment are found, the employee must inform his/her immediate supervisor about this.

It is not allowed to work with faulty devices, tools and protective equipment.

To avoid electric shock, do not touch or step on broken overhanging wires.

2.11. In electrical installations, people, mechanisms and hoisting machines are not allowed to approach energized, unprotected live parts at distances less than those indicated in Table 1.

Table 1. Permissible distances to live parts under voltage

* Constant current.

2.12. It is not allowed to clutter up approaches to shields with fire-fighting equipment and to fire hydrants, as well as to use fire-fighting equipment for other purposes.

2.13. The following dangerous and harmful production factors may occur in the equipment service area:

• increased voltage in the electrical circuit;
• insufficient illumination of the working area;
• increased intensity of electric and magnetic fields at substations of 330 kV and above;
• the location of the workplace at a considerable height relative to the surface of the earth (floor);
• reduced air temperature.

2.14. To protect against exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors, it is necessary to use appropriate protective equipment.

To protect against electric shock, the following protective equipment is used: voltage indicators; plumbing and assembly tools with insulating handles for working in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V; dielectric gloves, boots, galoshes, mats, insulating pads and stands; portable grounding; protective devices, dielectric caps, posters and safety signs.

When working at a height of more than 1,3 m above the ground, floor, platform, it is necessary to use a safety belt.

To protect the head from impacts from random objects in rooms with active power equipment, in closed switchgears (CDGs), open switchgears (OSDs), wells, chambers, channels and tunnels, construction sites and repair areas, it is necessary to wear a protective helmet fastened with a chin strap.

In case of insufficient illumination of the working area, additional local lighting should be used.

Only factory-made portable lamps should be used. A hand-held portable lamp should have a metal mesh, a hanging hook and a hose wire with a plug.

To illuminate workplaces in wells and tunnels, 12 V lamps or explosion-proof rechargeable lamps should be used. The transformer for the 12 V fixtures must be located outside the well or tunnel.

Work at low temperatures should be carried out in warm overalls and alternated in time with being in a heated room.

When working in the zone of influence of the electric field, it is necessary to limit the time spent in this zone, depending on the level of the electric field strength, or to use shielding devices or shielding sets of clothing.

2.15. The electrician must work in overalls and use protective equipment issued in accordance with current industry standards.

2.16. Electricians are provided with the following personal protective equipment free of charge in accordance with industry standards:

• cotton semi-overalls - for 1 year;
• protective helmet - for 2 years;
• combined mittens - for 3 months;
• dielectric galoshes - on duty;
• dielectric gloves - on duty.

When issuing a double replaceable set of overalls, the wear period is doubled.

Depending on the nature of the work and the conditions of its production, the electrician is temporarily provided with additional protective clothing and protective equipment for these conditions free of charge.

3. Safety requirements before starting work

3.1. When accepting a shift, the substation maintenance electrician must:

• put the overalls in order, fasten the sleeves, tuck the clothes in so that there are no hanging ends. It is not allowed to roll up the sleeves of workwear;
• familiarize yourself with all records and orders for the time that has passed since the previous duty;
• obtain information from the person passing the shift about the condition of the equipment that needs to be monitored, and about the equipment that is under repair and in reserve, about changes in circuits that have occurred during the period from the previous shift. Receive instructions when changing the scheme with an entry in the order journal;
• check the registration of all work performed according to orders and orders, and the number of teams working on them;
• check and accept duty clothing, protective equipment, instruments, tools, keys to premises, documentation on operational work;
• report to the immediate supervisor on the shift about taking over duty and the shortcomings identified during acceptance of the shift;
• formalize the acceptance of the change by an entry in the operational log.

Acceptance of shifts during operational switching and emergency response is permitted only with the permission of superior operational and administrative and technical personnel.

3.2. When checking the serviceability and suitability of protective equipment and devices, pay attention to:

• absence of external damage (integrity of the varnish cover of insulating protective equipment; absence of punctures, cracks, breaks in dielectric gloves and boots; integrity of glasses in safety glasses);
• the date of the next test (the expiration date is determined by the stamp).

The serviceability of the voltage indicator above 1000 V can be checked at a known electrical installation or with a special device for checking indicators.

3.3. It is necessary to check the availability and serviceability of the tool, which must meet the following requirements:

• handles of pliers, needle nose pliers and wire cutters must have protective insulation;
• the working part of the screwdriver must be well pointed, an insulating tube is put on the rod, leaving only the working part of the screwdriver open;
• wrenches should have parallel jaws, their working surfaces should not have knocked down bevels, and handles should not have burrs;
• the hammer handle should be oval in shape along its entire length, not have knots and cracks, and be firmly fixed in the tool.

3.4. The working tool should be stored in a portable tool box or bag.

3.5. When working at height using a portable wooden ladder, you must make sure that it is in good condition. At the lower ends of the ladder there should be shackles with sharp tips for installation on the ground, and when using the ladder on smooth surfaces, they should be put on shoes made of rubber or other non-slip material.

3.6. You must report to your immediate supervisor about protective equipment, devices, tools and devices that are defective or have expired testing dates.

4. Safety requirements during work

4.1. When performing work, it is not allowed to approach unprotected live parts that are energized at distances less than those indicated in the table (clause 2.11).

When working with electrical protective equipment (insulating rods, clamps, voltage indicators, etc.), a person is allowed to approach live parts at a distance determined by the length of the insulating part of these equipment.

4.2. When inspecting electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, it is not allowed to enter rooms and chambers that are not equipped with fences or barriers.

Inspection must be carried out without penetrating fences and barriers.

4.3. Inspection of electrical equipment in outdoor switchgear, where the electric field strength is more than 5 kV/m, should be carried out along developed routes.

4.4. When climbing equipment and structures located in the zone of influence of an electric field of 5 kV/m or higher, protective equipment must be used.

4.5. In an outdoor switchgear with a voltage of 330 kV and higher, you can remain without protective equipment in the zone of influence of an electric field with a voltage above 5 kV/m for a limited time. To protect against exposure to an electric field of intensity above 5 kV/m for more than a permissible time, it is necessary to use an individual shielding set of clothing, except in cases where it is possible to touch live parts that are energized.

4.6. The permissible time spent in the electric field can be implemented once or in fractions during the working day.

4.7. Portable and movable shielding devices must be grounded at the place of their installation with a flexible copper wire with a cross-section of at least 100 mm2. When working on an insulating base or involving touching grounded structures with your hand, shielding clothing must be grounded with a flexible conductor with a cross-section of 10 mm2.

4.8. During the inspections, it is not allowed to switch, remove posters and fences, perform any work or cleaning.

4.9. When working on areas of disconnected live parts, they must be grounded.

When working on linear disconnectors, the input of overhead power lines (VL) must be grounded using portable grounding, regardless of the presence of grounding blades on the disconnector.

4.10. All work in electrical installations must be carried out according to orders or orders.

Work performed as part of routine operation is determined by a list approved by the enterprise.

4.11. Individually, at the direction of an electrician with group III, you can perform:

• cleaning and landscaping of the outdoor switchgear;
• renewal of inscriptions on equipment casings and fences outside the RF chambers;
• monitoring the drying of transformers;
• maintenance of oil purification and other auxiliary equipment for cleaning and drying oil;
• work on electric motors and mechanical parts of fans and oil pumps of transformers;
• checking air-cleaning filters and replacing sorbents in them;
• repair and maintenance of lighting equipment located outside the switchgear chambers at a height of up to 2,5 m.

4.12. Training of field workers and admission of teams is carried out only after obtaining permission from higher operational personnel in accordance with the requirements of the work order.

4.13. When performing operational work on current-carrying parts under voltage up to 1000 V, it is necessary:

• to protect other current-carrying parts located near the workplace, under voltage, to which accidental contact is possible;
• work in dielectric galoshes or standing on an insulating stand or on a dielectric mat;
• use tools with insulating handles (screwdrivers must have an insulated shaft); if such a tool is not available, use dielectric gloves.

It is not allowed to work in clothes with short or rolled up sleeves, and also to use hacksaws, files, metal meters, etc.

4.14. It is not allowed to work on portable ladders and ladders if it is required:

• use portable power tools;
• carry out the tension of the wires;
• support heavy objects.

4.15. It is not allowed to operate impact tools without safety glasses.

4.16. In case of a ground fault in electrical installations of 6-35 kV, approaching the detected fault location at a distance of less than 4 m in an indoor switchgear and less than 8 m in an outdoor switchgear is allowed only for operational switching in order to localize the damage and free people caught under voltage. In this case, you should use electrical protective equipment (insulator boots, galoshes, gloves).

4.17. To eliminate errors and ensure the safety of operations, before making switches, the electrician inspects the electrical installations on which operations are expected and checks their compliance with the given task.

4.18. Before turning off or turning on the separator disconnector, they must be carefully inspected.

If cracks in the insulators or other damage are detected in the switching devices, operations with them are not allowed.

4.19. When switching on and off switching devices and applying portable grounding, the following safety measures must be observed:

• portable grounding must be installed by at least two workers; turn on and off grounding knives, remove portable grounding is allowed alone;
• before installing portable groundings, the absence of voltage on live parts must be checked (the serviceability of the voltage indicator must be checked with a special device or at an existing electrical installation);
• when installing portable grounding, it is impossible to touch the grounding descent;
• Switching switching devices with voltages above 1000 V with manual drive must be done using dielectric gloves.

4.20. Switching on electrical equipment and in relay protection and automation devices (RPA), which are under the operational control of higher operational personnel, must be carried out by order, and those under his authority - with his permission.

Switching without an order or permission from superior operational personnel, but with subsequent notification, is allowed to be carried out in urgent cases (accident, natural disaster, fire).

The electrician directly performing the switching is not allowed to disable the safety interlocks without permission.

4.21. The disconnectors are switched on by hand drive quickly, but without impact at the end of the stroke. When an arc appears, the knives should not be retracted, as if the contacts diverge, the arc may lengthen and cause a short circuit. The closing operation must in all cases continue to the end.

4.22. Switching off the disconnectors should be done slowly and carefully. First, make a test movement with the drive lever in order to make sure that the rods are in good condition and that there are no swings or damage to the insulators.

If at the moment of divergence of contacts between them there is a strong arc, the disconnectors must be immediately turned on and until the reasons for the formation of the arc are clarified, operations with them should not be performed, except in cases where the magnetizing and charging currents are turned off. Operations in these cases must be carried out quickly to ensure that the arc on the contacts is extinguished.

4.23. When disconnecting disconnectors, separators of magnetizing current of power transformers, charging current of overhead and cable lines, it is necessary to be located under a protective canopy or behind a fence.

4.24. Unblocking the drives of switching devices is permitted only with the permission of persons authorized to do so by written instructions from the enterprise, after checking the correctness of the previously performed switchings, checking the condition of the switching devices and finding out the reason for the blocking failure.

The release is recorded in the operational log.

4.25. If there are no interlocking devices in the electrical installation or if there is a malfunction of interlocking on at least one connection, as well as during complex switchings, regardless of the state of the interlocking devices, operational switching is carried out using switching forms. The list of difficult switchings is determined by local regulations.

4.26. If the knives of the knife switch (disconnector) are not turned on, it is not allowed to knock out knives and sponges under voltage.

4.27. It is not allowed to work in electrical installations in a bent position if, when straightened, the distance to live parts is less than that indicated in the table. In electrical installations of substations with a voltage of 6-10 kV, when working near unprotected live parts, it is impossible to position them so that these parts are located at the back or on both sides.

4.28. It is unacceptable to touch, without the use of electrical protective equipment, the insulators of live equipment.

4.29. When a thunderstorm approaches, all work in the outdoor switchgear, indoor switchgear at the terminals and linear disconnectors of overhead lines must be stopped.

4.30. It is necessary to remove and install fuses when the voltage is off. Under voltage, but without load, it is allowed to remove and install fuses on connections in the circuit of which there are no switching devices that allow you to remove voltage.

Voltage transformer fuses can be replaced under voltage and under load.

4.31. When removing and installing fuses under voltage, you must use the following protective equipment:

• in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V - insulating pliers or dielectric gloves and goggles;
• in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V - insulating tongs (rod) using dielectric gloves and goggles.

4.32. It is not allowed to use uncalibrated fuses and fuses.

4.33. Sampling and adding oil to oil switches and transformers, wiping oil measuring glasses and individual insulators is carried out only with the equipment turned off after appropriate preparation of the workplace.

4.34. Working with electrical clamps in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V requires two electricians using dielectric gloves. It is not allowed to lean towards the device to take readings.

4.35. Measurement of insulation resistance with a megohmmeter must be carried out with the equipment turned off after removing the residual charge by grounding the equipment.

Connecting wires from the megohmmeter should be connected to live parts using insulating holders (rods), and in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, in addition, using dielectric gloves.

4.36. Smoking in the battery room, entering it with fire, and using electric heating devices, devices and tools that can cause a spark are not allowed.

In case of accidental contact with the body of acid, it should be neutralized with a 5% soda solution and rinsed with plenty of water.

4.37. In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, it is necessary to use a voltage indicator with dielectric gloves.

4.38. If it is necessary to turn on the switchgear cells from the site, devices for remote switching on of the circuit breaker should be used.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. In the event of an emergency (accident, fire, natural disaster), immediately stop work and report the situation to higher operational personnel.

5.2. In cases of urgency, perform the necessary switching with subsequent notification of higher operational personnel.

5.3. In the event of a fire:

5.3.1. Notify all workers in the production area and take measures to extinguish the fire. Burning parts of electrical installations and electrical wiring under voltage should be extinguished with carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.

5.3.2. Take measures to call your immediate supervisor or other officials to the scene of the fire.

5.3.3. According to the operational situation, the local operational fire fighting plan should be acted upon.

5.4. In the event of an accident, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the impact of the traumatic factor, provide him with first (pre-medical) medical care and inform the immediate supervisor about the accident.

When releasing the victim from the action of electric current, it is necessary to ensure that you yourself do not come into contact with the current-carrying part or under step voltage.

6. Safety requirements at the end of work

6.1. At the end of the shift, you must:

• all tools, fixtures, devices and protective equipment should be put in proper order and placed in special cabinets and on racks;
• inform the shift taker about all changes and malfunctions in the operation of equipment that occurred during the shift, about the composition of the working team and the location of work on the substation equipment according to orders and orders;
• report on the delivery of the shift to the higher duty personnel and issue the delivery of the shift by hand in the operational journal;
• take off overalls, put them and other personal protective equipment in the work clothes closet;
• wash, take a shower.

7. List of accepted abbreviations

• AGP Field extinguishing machine
• ACS Automated control system
• PBX Automatic telephone exchange
• VL Overhead power line
• VLAN Overhead communication line
• HF communication High-frequency communication
• Main control panel Main control panel
• ZRU Enclosed switchgear
• IC Measuring (test) stand
• CL Cable power line
• KLS Cable communication line
• KRU (KRUN) Complete switchgear of indoor (outdoor) installation
• KTP Complete transformer substation
• MTP Mast transformer substation
• NRP Unattended regeneration point
• NUP Unattended reinforcement point
• OVB Operational Field Brigade
• Outdoor switchgear
• OUP Serviced amplification point
• POR Work Management Design
• PPR Project for the production of works
• PRP HR Rules
• PUE Rules for the installation of electrical installations
• RZA Relay protection and automation
• RP Distribution point
• RU Switchgear
• SDTU Dispatch and process control facilities (cable and overhead lines of communication and telemechanics, high-frequency channels, communication and telemechanics devices)
• SMO Construction and installation organization
• SNiP Building codes and regulations
• TAI Devices for thermal automatics, thermal measurements and protection, means of remote control, signaling and technical means of automated control systems
• TP Transformer Substation
• EU Electrolysis Plant

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