Instruction on labor protection for an electrician for the maintenance of power lines, electrical equipment with voltage up to 1000 V and over 1000 V

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Labor protection instruction for an electrician for maintenance of power lines, electrical equipment with voltage up to 1000 V and over 1000 V. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special theoretical and practical training and have an appropriate certificate are allowed to work on the operation and repair of power lines (TL), electrical equipment (hereinafter referred to as electrical installations).

Female electricians are not allowed to operate and repair electrical installations with a voltage of over 1000 V, as well as to repair overhead power lines without de-energizing, work at heights, repair instrumentation and automation of thermal power plants and substations.

1.2. Prior to the appointment of an electrician for independent work related to the operation of electrical installations, he must undergo a medical examination upon employment and have no medical contraindications.

An electrician must undergo periodic medical examinations once every 1 months.

1.3. Electricians appointed by order of an enterprise or department, who have been instructed and trained in safe working methods, tested their knowledge of safety rules and instructions in accordance with the work performed, are allowed to independently work on the operation of electrical installations, with the assignment of the appropriate qualification group for safety, having a special certificate, and also completed an internship lasting at least 2 weeks under the guidance of an experienced worker. An electrician serving single-handedly electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V must have at least III, and over 1000 V - at least IV qualification group for safety.

1.4. When performing work that is not part of the duties of an electrician for the operation of electrical installations, he must undergo additional safety training.

1.5. Periodically, once a year, an electrician must pass exams for knowledge of the Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations, safety regulations and labor protection instructions.

Persons who have committed a violation of the Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers, safety regulations and the provisions of this manual are subject to an extraordinary knowledge test.

1.6. In the process of work, within the terms established at the enterprise, the electrician must undergo labor protection briefing and annual training for a 10-hour program.

1.7. An electrician must know: electrical circuit diagrams, device, purpose and operating rules for all parts, individual components of electrical installation equipment, as well as operating rules for mechanisms for which electrical equipment is intended. The list of works performed by order in the order of current operation according to the work permit; terms of testing protective equipment and devices, rules of operation and care for them. It is forbidden to use protective equipment and devices with expired testing (verification) dates.

1.8. During the period of work, the electrician must use personal protective equipment issued to him at the enterprise.

1.9. An electrician servicing electrical installations reports directly to the head or the person responsible for the electrical facilities of the unit.

1.10. Persons who violate the requirements of this instruction bear disciplinary responsibility in accordance with the internal labor regulations, if their actions do not entail criminal liability.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Tidy up overalls: fasten or clasp the cuffs of the sleeves with a wide elastic band; fill the clothes so that there are no hanging ends; put on a tight-fitting headgear and pick up hair under it, prepare and check the serviceability of protective equipment (dielectric rubber gloves, galoshes or boots, rugs, etc.). Personal protective equipment must be in good condition, clean, dry and have a test mark.

2.2. When accepting a shift, the electrician must:

get acquainted with the state and mode of operation of the electrical installations assigned to it;
get acquainted with the entries in the journal, orders and other documents from previous shifts;
check and accept tools, aids, materials, protective equipment and keys to the premises;
formalize the acceptance of the shift with an entry in the journal;
report any violations identified during the shift acceptance process to the immediate supervisor or the person responsible for electrical facilities.

2.3. Acceptance and delivery of a shift during the liquidation of an accident, the production of switching and operations to turn on and off the equipment of electrical installations is prohibited.

With a long time to eliminate the accident, the shift is carried out with the permission of the head.

2.4. For work on the repair or maintenance of an electrical installation (electrical installations), it is necessary to obtain an oral, telephone or written order, order or work permit, an indication of the immediate supervisor or the person responsible for the electrical facilities. The electrician is obliged to comply with the requirements for labor protection, determined by the order, order, work permit.

2.5. Strictly carry out organizational and technical measures to ensure the safe performance of work, in addition:

warn maintenance personnel working on equipment with an electric drive about the start of work;
check if the work area is adequately lit. If necessary, clean the fixtures with the voltage removed;
inspect and prepare the workplace, remove unnecessary items, clear the aisles. If the floor is slippery (doused with water, oil and other substances, covered with ice), demand that it be wiped, sprinkled with sand, sawdust, or do it yourself. Open hatches when performing work near them must be closed or fenced off;
check the serviceability of the tool, instrumentation and equipment, auxiliary devices and arrange them in a convenient and safe order for use;
if necessary, to illuminate the use of a portable electric lamp, make sure that the voltage for it in damp and dangerous rooms does not exceed 12 V, in dry rooms - 42 V, the cord and fittings of the electric lamp are in good order,

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. The work performed must be carried out in accordance with the Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations, as well as this instruction.

3.2. The electrician must use only proven, serviceable tools:

handles of pliers, round nose pliers and wire cutters must have protective insulation;
the working part of the screwdriver must be well sharpened; the handle is made of insulated material;
an insulating tube is put on the screwdriver shaft, leaving only the working part of the screwdriver open;
when measuring electrical quantities, use measuring instruments with an unexpired verification period and with intact insulation of the wires of this device;
hand-held power tools should not have damage to the body and cable insulation, the cutting removable body is well sharpened and securely fixed in the chuck. Before issuance, the hand tool must pass an idle run test with a log entry.

3.3. Work on the current operation of electrical installations with a voltage of more than 1000 V can be carried out solely by a person with a qualification of at least Group IV, voltage up to 1000 V - not lower than Group III; repair work - at least two persons.

3.4. Repair of electrical installations in the area of operating equipment, machines and mechanisms should be carried out after a complete stop of the moving parts of the mechanisms and the implementation of measures that exclude the commissioning of the equipment put out for repair.

3.5. It is forbidden to carry out work without removing the voltage, with the exception of cleaning the premises up to the fences, cleaning the casings and casings of electrical equipment, caring for the brushes of electric motors and replacing them, resuming the inscriptions on the casings, painting bandages, supports.

3.6. It is forbidden to carry out maintenance, removal and installation, repair of current collectors, knife switches, magnetic starters, start buttons and other starting and switching equipment without complete removal of voltage, to carry out work on. overhead lines and cable power networks, except for the cases specified in clause 3.5 of this instruction.

3.7. During work, the electrician should not touch the current-carrying parts of the electrical installation, which is energized, without the use of appropriate means of protection against electric current.

3.8. Before starting maintenance and repair of electrical installations, it is necessary:

relieve stress in at least two places;
remove the fuses (inserts);
close the line disconnectors or other disconnectors with a padlock and hang out a warning poster on the disconnecting device closest to the place of work "Do not turn it on! People are working!" or "Do not turn on! Work on the line!".

This poster is hung out and removed only at the direction of the person who gives the order for the preparation of jobs and admission to work; to protect or de-energize the electric wire, cables, other current-carrying parts under voltage, near which work is being carried out.

When repairing switchgears with capacitor units in the circuit, turn off and discharge the capacitor banks; before starting all types of work in electrical installations with de-energized, it is necessary to check the absence of voltage in the work area and apply grounding to current-carrying parts.

If it is impossible to apply grounding (for example, in distribution boxes and other switchgears), when preparing the workplace, additional safety measures must be taken to prevent erroneous voltage supply to the place of work: drives and disconnecting devices are locked, and the top contacts of disconnectors and automatic switches are protected with rubber caps or linings of insulating material. The fuses connected in series with the switching devices are removed. These technical measures are indicated in the work permit or order.

3.9. It is forbidden to carry out repairs and maintenance of electrical installations, as well as any other work, if the distance from live parts under voltage to people or the tools they use, or devices from temporary fences is less than 0,6 m, and from mechanisms and lifting machines in the working and transport positions, from slings of load-handling devices and loads of at least 1,0 m.

Work near the current-carrying parts of electrical installations is carried out according to the permit.

3.10. Installation and removal of fuses should be carried out with the voltage removed. Removal and installation of live fuses is carried out after removing the load (if there are no switching devices in the circuit) using insulating pliers, dielectric gloves and goggles, standing on an insulating stand.

3.11. Work at height is carried out:

on a serviceable wooden ladder or step-ladder, which has anti-slip stops, steps hollowed (embedded) into the bowstrings and metal ties (at least 2 pieces per ladder). It is forbidden to work at a height of more than 5 meters on a ladder, as well as standing on a step located less than 1 meter from the end of the ladder;
from tested scaffolds with flooring made of boards with a thickness of at least 50 mm, firmly and without gaps nailed to trestle or scaffolding, with railings 1 meter high and side cladding of at least 15 cm;
at a height of more than 1,5 meters, in the absence of flooring with fencing of workplaces - using a safety belt and secure fastening against falling.

3.12. Before starting work on a power line support, you must:

make sure the strength of the support or its parts (attachments, supports, etc.). Supports or parts thereof are considered dangerous if they have rotted to a depth of more than 2 cm with a base diameter of 20-25 cm, 3 cm with a diameter of 25-30 cm and 4 cm with a diameter of more than 30 cm;
check the serviceability and availability of the stamp or tag on the test of the claws and the safety belt or safety rope; prepare a portable grounding device.

3.13. When climbing onto a support (chain), the safety belt sling must be wound behind the rack.

3.14. It is forbidden to climb the support and work from the side of the inner corner on the corner supports of the lines (from the wire tension side), as well as climb the support and work on the side of the support into which the wire is pulled.

3.15. Before starting work on the support of overhead transmission lines, grounding should be applied to the wires of the repaired line and to all wires connected to this support on both sides, in the manner prescribed by the technical measures.

3.16. When working on the support, you should use a safety belt, a chain wound up behind the support on the hook and rely on both claws if they are used.

3.17. During work, when it is not possible to fasten the safety belt sling to the support structure, a safety rope should be used.

3.18. During a thunderstorm, work on overhead transmission lines is prohibited.

3.19. When working at height, it is necessary to ensure that there are no people below in places where objects can fall.

3.20. When removing and installing equipment, it is necessary to use serviceable and tested lifting mechanisms (hoist, hoist, etc.) and ropes. The mass of the load to be lifted must not exceed the carrying capacity of the mechanism, and the rope must have a sufficient margin of safety,

3.21. It is forbidden to stand under the lifted load.

3.22. The ends of the wires that are bare without insulation must be insulated after disconnection.

3.23. All equipment removed for repair must be firmly placed in a pre-prepared place.

3.24. When moving parts and assemblies of equipment on trolleys, they must be firmly fixed.

3.25. Cleaning of electrical installations from dust is carried out using vacuum (suction vacuum cleaners). Blowing dust with compressed air is prohibited.

3.26. Cleaning of luminaires and replacement of electric lamps and luminaires should be carried out with the voltage switched on and within the following periods:

lamps for general lighting in industrial premises - at least 3 times a month;
lamps in household premises - at least 2 times a month;
lamps installed in the spray booths, as well as private lighting - daily.

3.27. Equipment, starting and switching devices should be installed and operated only in a technically sound condition, with good insulation.

3.28. When connecting the electrical installation, make sure that the voltage at the input and the operating voltage of the electrical installation correspond;

3.29. Before checking electrical installations after repairs, all fixed parts of electrical installation devices must be securely fastened.

3.30. Before turning on mobile installations (transformers, electrified tools, etc.) they must be reliably grounded (zeroed).

3.31. The laying of the cable in the ground must be carried out by an electrician in the presence of a specially appointed person or a person responsible for the electrical economy, and making sure that the work on laying the cable will not cause damage to previously laid cable networks and other communications.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. When an emergency situation is detected, the electrician is obliged to: immediately take measures to disconnect the failed device or the electrical installation as a whole from the power source; if necessary, appoint a person on duty and report the accident to the immediate supervisor or the person responsible for the electrical facilities, and, on his order, begin to eliminate the accident.

It is prohibited to hand over a shift during the liquidation of an accident without the permission of the person responsible for the electrical facilities; in the event of a fire at the facility, before extinguishing, disconnect the overhead and cable power networks from the power source at a distance ensuring the safety of extinguishing the fire, report the fire to the fire department, the head of the enterprise (workshop, section) and proceed to extinguish the fire using fire fighting equipment.

4.2. The victim or eyewitness must notify the foreman or the appropriate work manager of each accident.

4.3. Each worker must be able to provide first aid, which is provided immediately, directly at the scene and in the following sequence: first you need to eliminate the energy source of injury (turn off the engine, stop the mechanism, remove the victim, etc.), apply a tourniquet in case of severe bleeding, and then bandage the wound , if a closed fracture is suspected, apply a splint, for open fractures, first bandage the wound, and then apply a splint, apply a dry bandage for burns, gently rub the affected area with frostbite using soft or fluffy tissues; in case of electric shock, it is necessary to release the victim from the action of the current (turn off the switch, cut the wire, pull or discard it with a dry stick, pole).

4.4. Do not touch the victim while he is under the influence of current. Provide first aid immediately after the cessation of exposure to electric current. If the victim is unconscious, then immediately begin cardiac massage and artificial respiration until the doctor arrives. At the same time, ammonia, rubbing and warming are used.

4.5. After providing first aid, the victim should be sent to the nearest medical facility. If spinal injury is suspected, the victim should only be transported in a supine position on a rigid base.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

5.1. Tidy up the workplace.

5.2. Check the serviceability of tools, protective equipment and devices, put them in a special lockable cabinet.

5.3. Remove the cleaning material and place it in a metal box with a lid.

5.4. Make entries in the shift log about the observed malfunctions in the operation of electrical equipment or violations of job descriptions by maintenance personnel.

5.5. Hand over the shift to the shift against signature in the journal, noting the unfinished work and shortcomings discovered during the shift.

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