Instruction on labor protection for an electrician of VLS and radio

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Instruction on labor protection for the electrician of VLS and radio. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, introductory briefing, briefing and on-the-job training are allowed to work on overhead communication lines and wire broadcasting (VLS).

1.2. Before being assigned to independent work, the electrician of the VLS must undergo training in safe working methods in the amount of:

1.2.1. Technology of work;

1.2.2. Rules of labor protection when working on overhead communication lines and wire broadcasting;

1.2.3. The use of protective equipment;

1.2.4. Provision of first medical aid.

1.3. At the end of the training, the electrician passes a test of knowledge of labor protection rules with the assignment of a qualification group for electrical safety (III-V), and then annually confirms it.

1.4. During the maintenance and repair of overhead lines, the following hazardous and harmful production factors are possible:

1.4.1. Work with electrical installations (electric shock, electric shock, electric arc burn);

1.4.2. Work near and at intersections with overhead power lines, contact networks of ground transport and underground utilities;

1.4.3. Work in the areas of existing transport routes and access roads;

1.4.4. Work on the territory of the existing enterprise;

1.4.5. Unfavorable meteorological conditions (wind speed, low air temperature, high air humidity, etc.);

1.4.6. Work at height;

1.4.7. Work with harmful substances (antiseptics, epoxy resins, insulating varnishes, etc.).

1.5. Work on VLS is prohibited:

1.5.1. During a thunderstorm and when it approaches;

1.5.2. When the wind speed is above 15 m/s (when the wind speed is 15-18 m/s

thin branches and dry branches of trees break);

1.5.3. With snowstorms, sandstorms;

1.5.4. When the air temperature is below the norm established by local authorities. An exception is allowed for work to eliminate accidents, in which case the work foreman is obliged to provide means for heating in the immediate vicinity of the place of work.

1.6. The VLS electrician is obliged:

1.6.1. Perform only the work that is defined in the job description, provided that he is well aware of the safe ways to do it;

1.6.2. Comply with the rules of internal labor regulations and labor protection;

1.6.3. If extraneous voltage is detected, immediately stop work and report to your immediate supervisor;

1.6.4. Follow the instructions on fire safety measures.

1.7. When working near or at intersections with underground utilities, overhead power lines, contact networks, ground electric transport, the presence of the foreman is mandatory.

1.8. In case of injury or indisposition of the worker, it is necessary to notify the foreman or foreman about this and contact the first-aid post.

1.9. For non-compliance with this instruction, the perpetrators are held accountable in accordance with the internal labor regulations or penalties determined by the Labor Code of Ukraine.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Select the necessary tools, devices and protective equipment to perform this work, make sure that they are in good condition.

2.2. Put on and carefully tuck in overalls and personal protective equipment, avoiding constraint when moving.

2.3. Install appropriate fencing and warning signs.

2.4. Obtain instructions on safety measures when working in especially hazardous areas from the foreman.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. Support work.

3.1.1. Before starting work on the support, it is necessary to check the fastening of the sickle and stirrup at the claws, the serviceability of the teeth (spikes), belts and claw fasteners, at the belt - the serviceability of the carabiner, the integrity of the tie-down straps and chain links, the presence of a cover on the chain, and also make sure that claws and belt passed timely strength tests (1 time in 6 months). The fitter's tool must be in the bag. Mounting claws must correspond to the size, cross-sectional shape of the supports (round, rectangular, 8-sided) and the materials from which they are made (wood, reinforced concrete).

3.1.2. Before climbing on the support, you must make sure that it is strong. If the support is reinforced with a prefix, you should also make sure that it is securely fastened to the prefix: if necessary, the supports should be strengthened with hooks or stags. If the pole is equipped with a lightning rod that is not protected by a rail, it is necessary to check the absence of voltage on it.

3.1.3. Climbing to the support and work on the support, regardless of the height of the lift, can be carried out after fixing the belt on the support with a chain and strengthening the claws in a stable position.

3.1.4. When working on wooden supports with reinforced concrete attachments, ladders or aerial platforms should be used.

3.1.5. When working on supports impregnated with oil antiseptics, it is necessary to use special tarpaulin suits.

3.1.6. Having risen to the support, it is necessary to make sure with the help of indicators that there is no extraneous voltage on the wires, first high-voltage, then low voltage.

3.1.7. On cable, input, control supports, spark and gas-filled arresters, down conductors (grounding slopes) that do not have a break must be closed along the entire length with a wooden lath to prevent the person working on the support from touching them.

3.1.8. When working on a support, you need to be located on the outside with respect to the wires on which the work is being done. Before starting, it is necessary to check the strength of the nozzle of the insulators - the wire, in relation to which the fitter will be on the inside.

3.1.9. Broken and cracked insulators must be removed from hooks and pins in gloves.

3.1.10. When replacing parts of the support, the possibility of its displacement or fall must be excluded.

3.1.11. To straighten the supports, traction mechanisms and braces must be used, which are fixed on the support from the aerial platform.

3.1.12. Lifting structures weighing more than 15 kg to the support. must be carried out using a block securely mounted on a support.

You can loosen the rope of the block after securely fastening them to the support.

3.1.13. The supply of tools and devices to a person working at height should be carried out according to the principle of an "endless rope", in the middle of which the necessary object is tied, and by sorting the rope it is fed upward.

3.1.14. To avoid accidents, do not:

3.1.14.1. Climbing a rotted support without first strengthening it and two adjacent supports with horns;

3.1.14.2. Climb and work on the support at the same time for two fitters;

3.1.14.3. Digging out the support, tilting or adjusting it, removing clamps from the old prefix or installing a new prefix to the support on which the fitter is located;

3.1.14.4. Climb onto an inclined, unreinforced or unusable support;

3.1.14.5. Work under voltage, in fog, rain, snowfall, at night;

3.1.14.6. Place the tool on traverses and hang it on wires;

3.1.14.7. Change the size of the claws by bending and unbending them.

3.2. Wire hanger.

3.2.1. Before unwinding the wires, all thickets, bushes and branches remaining after cutting down the clearing, which interfere with rolling, must be removed.

3.2.2. When unwinding the wires, make sure that the wire does not catch on any object. When releasing a hooked wire that has formed a corner, the fitter must be on the outside of the corner.

3.2.3. The wires must be raised and fixed at a height that does not interfere with the passage of vehicles, when unwinding them across the road, crossing the street. If it is impossible to raise the wires to the required height, it is necessary to stop the traffic for the duration of the work.

3.2.4. When hanging wires in settlements, on both sides towards the traffic at a distance of 100 m from the place of work, signalmen with flags should be placed, and warning signs "Road works" should be installed at a distance of 5 - 10 m from the place of work.

3.2.5. Suspension of wires through the railway track must be agreed with the railway administration. Work during the passage of trains should not be done. When a train approaches, the wire must be raised to the height required for its passage, if this cannot be done, it must be quickly cut on both transitional supports.

3.2.6. When hanging wires on the upper traverse or on the first and second places of the hook profile of communication line supports that intersect with overhead power lines, it is necessary to ground the suspended wires on both sides of the transition, and when stretching and adjusting them, use a rope loop to limit the amplitude of wire oscillation.

3.2.7. In the event of a temporary suspension of work on the suspension of wires, wires that are not fixed on insulators must be fixed on a support in compliance with the established dimensions in relation to the ground. If there is a coil of wire, then during a break in work it should also be strengthened on a support.

3.3. Wire welding.

3.3.1. Before welding, the fitter must inspect his overalls, fasten all the buttons, let the trousers go over the shoes and let the pocket flaps go up.

3.3.2. The welder must be at least 0,5 m away from the wire to be welded.

3.3.3. When welding with a cold method, gloves and special safety goggles must be used as personal protective equipment.

3.3.4. Welding from an aerial platform must be carried out by at least two workers, one of whom must be an observer.

3.3.5. When welding wires using the thermite method:

3.3.5.1. An unburned thermite match should be placed in a special trough, suspended near the welder to one of the non-weldable wires or attached to heat-welding tongs;

3.3.5.2. The burnt cartridge should be knocked off the wire in the trough in the direction away from you after it has cooled (it darkens when cooled).

3.3.6. Spare thermite cartridges should be stored in a metal box in a work bag separately from thermite matches.

3.3.7. Each thermite match should be wrapped in paper and all matches neatly placed in a separate box.

3.3.8. Shrink chucks must be packed tightly during transport.

3.3.9. It is not recommended to touch and correct a hot cartridge by hand.

3.3.10. When carrying and rearranging boxes with thermal chucks, strong shocks, shocks, and throws should not be allowed.

3.4. Dismantling of wire lines.

3.4.1. Before dismantling, the fitter must be instructed to explain the necessary precautions and the specifics of the work.

3.4.2. The wires from the supports should be removed sequentially. First of all, the lower wires are removed, and then the rest in sequence.

3.4.3. When cutting wires on a pole, it is necessary to cut the wires starting from the bottom wires, one at a time on each side of the pole.

3.4.4. To prevent the worker from falling along with the support, before removing the wires, it should be strengthened on three to four sides with stags, as well as the supports adjacent to it, one on each side. If the support is reinforced with attachments, then the reliability of the attachment of the support to the attachment should be checked.

3.4.5. It is necessary to remove wires suspended in the crossing span above the contact networks of a tram, trolleybus or power lines with a voltage of 380/220 volts when the contact network or power line is disconnected, first obtain the consent of the operating organization. Work should be done in dielectric gloves and galoshes, the dismantled wire must be grounded.

3.4.6. When dismantling wires suspended under the power line, it is necessary after strengthening the supports, as indicated in clause 3.4.4. gradually untie the wires, starting from the bottom row of wires. The untied wire must be cut and descended to the ground.

3.4.7. When dismantling the inputs of communication lines or wired broadcasting into the building, it is necessary to untie the wires first on the insulators screwed into the wall of the building (or on the insulators of the input telephone rack), and then on the input support. If the input intersects with the wires of the mains, and if it is impossible to turn it off, wear dielectric gloves, galoshes and use tools with insulating handles. The wire to be removed must be grounded.

3.4.8. When dismantling a line that is affected by overhead power lines or an electrified AC railway, it is necessary to short-circuit and ground all wires of the removed line at each support. Shorting and grounding of wires should be done with dielectric gloves. After grounding the wires, it is necessary to strengthen the supports and proceed with the removal of the wires, as indicated in paragraph 3.4.2.

3.4.9. When dismantling the support, it is necessary to support the support from the sides and from the sawing side with hooks or stags, preventing passers-by from approaching

the place of work at a distance less than one and a half length of the sawn support. Outside settlements and with a small number of wires, when the support has a significantly rotten base, it is allowed, having strengthened adjacent supports, to cut down and lower the dismantled support to the ground along with the wires. The wires are untied on the ground.

3.4.10. When dismantling lines and wires, in order to avoid accidents, you should not:

3.4.10.1. Untie wires on two or more adjacent supports;

3.4.10.2. Cut all wires on the pole on one side;

3.4.10.3. Pull and wind into the bay the wires suspended in several spans, at the intersections with overhead power lines.

3.5. Installation of supports.

3.5.1. The installation of supports with the help of crane drilling machines is allowed to be carried out by specially trained workers. Before lifting the support, make sure that the cable is intact. The winch is turned on after the support is slinged, when the worker moves to a safe distance. The support pulled to the pit must be guided by horns or hooks. You can approach the support, take hold of its butt only after it has been raised 10 cm above the ground, thereby checking the reliability of its fastening with a cable. The support is lowered into the pit at the signal of the worker responsible for the installation. The use of steel cables or slings, in which the wear or corrosion of its constituent wires has reached 40% or more, is unacceptable.

3.5.2. When performing work with drilling and crane machines at a distance of up to 30 m from the outermost wire of the power line, a work permit must be issued. Work under live lines is not allowed.

3.5.3. The person responsible for the installation of supports must monitor all operations for lifting the supports and stop work if there is a problem.

3.5.4. When installing supports using crane drilling machines, you should not clear the drill from the ground and stay close to it during its rotation.

3.5.5. When installing supports using the "Falling Arrow" method, before starting work, you should check the serviceability of the cable, the reliability of fastening the blocks or the winch, the correct installation of the "Legs" of the arrow and the reliability of attaching the cable to the support, and also ensure that there are no people at the moment of dropping the boom between the support, the boom and the blocks or winch. When lifting the support, it is necessary to take measures against its swinging (using hooks, grips, ropes).

3.5.6. The number of people required to manually set up and carry the supports is based on a maximum load of 30 kg. for one person.

3.5.7. When installing supports on embankments, mountain slopes and hills, it is necessary to take measures to prevent their rolling.

3.5.8. When lifting the support, workers should be located only on both sides of it.

3.5.9. Supports not designed for unilateral tension of wires and cables, and temporarily subjected to such an impact, are strengthened to prevent their fall.

3.5.10. When replacing attachments of complex supports, do not dig out both legs of the support at the same time.

3.5.11. Reinforced concrete supports should be installed only in a mechanized way; when installing them, the cable must be fixed to the mounting brackets or at a distance of 1,5 m from the top. Reinforced concrete supports during lifting must be kept from swinging with the help of guy wires (ropes, ropes) fixed at the top of the support. Removing the braces is allowed only after the support is fully installed.

3.5.12. When installing supports, in order to avoid accidents, you should not:

3.5.12.1. The end of the handle of the stag (hook) rest against the chest or stomach;

3.5.12.2. Stand under a raised support;

3.5.12.3. Install reinforced concrete supports manually;

3.5.12.4. Climb onto the newly installed support before the pit is backfilled and the earth is rammed;

3.5.12.5. Leave during breaks (lunch, end of the working day) dug out supports and untied wires;

3.5.12.6. Be in the pit when pulling out and lowering the support;

3.6. Excavation.

3.6.1. Digging of trenches, pits, pits for supports should be carried out only according to approved drawings, which should indicate all underground structures located along the communication line or crossing it within the working area. When approaching the lines of underground utilities, earthworks should be carried out with mandatory pitting under the supervision of the responsible person of the enterprise, in the security zone of existing underground utilities under the supervision of representatives of organizations operating these structures.

3.6.2. In the security zones of existing underground utilities, soil excavation by mechanized means, as well as with the use of impact tools, is prohibited (with the exception of opening the road surface).

3.6.3. If gas is found in trenches or pits, work in them must be stopped. This should be reported to the supervisor.

3.6.4. When digging holes or trenches in soft soil, their walls must be reinforced with boards at least 10 mm thick. and spacers. Ditches and trenches up to 3 m deep, as a rule, should be fastened with shields.

3.6.5. Plank fortifications should be dismantled from the bottom up as the pit or trench is backfilled with soil.

3.6.6. Shafts, pits, trenches, pits, developed in places of traffic and pedestrians, must be protected by shields with warning inscriptions, and at night by signal lighting.

3.6.7. It is not necessary to develop the soil by digging in order to avoid a collapse.

3.6.8. When working on slopes, safety measures should be taken against falling and sliding of both workers and heavy objects rolling down the slope to the place of work.

3.6.9. The use of open fire for heating the soil is permitted only if there is no gas flow into the development, and when heating with steam or hot water, precautions against burns should be applied.

3.7. Work on rack lines.

3.7.1. For the convenience of maintaining rack lines on steep and fenced roofs of buildings, as a rule, work platforms and exit hatches located near the rack are equipped. In their absence and the need to exit to the roof through the dormer window, the part of the roof up to the rack must be fenced with a safety cable 0,5 - 1 m high and equipped with a ladder (walkway). Instead of a cable, it is allowed to use galvanized steel wire with a diameter of at least 5 mm.

3.7.2. On the roofs of buildings with a height of not more than 10 m, in the absence of a dormer window, one should climb up serviceable fire or ladders. A safety cable must be routed from the climbing point on the roof to the post and secured to the ladder with a metal clip.

On buildings with a height of more than 10 m, not equipped with dormer windows and exit hatches, racks are not installed.

3.7.3. Work on the rack lines is carried out only with a safety belt, which is fixed with a carabiner to the safety cable. When moving on the roof and behind the counter when working on it, and in shoes with rubber soles or in galoshes.

3.7.4. Before entering the iron roof, you must use the indicator to make sure that there is no dangerous voltage on it and on the cable. In the presence of voltage, access to the roof is unacceptable, which is reported to the head of work and to the house management.

3.7.5. To install racks on a roof with a slope, two people should use safety ropes stretched between the belt of each fitter and the attic beam or reinforced with a bolt to pull the rack.

3.7.6. Work on a roof covered with ice or a thin layer of snow is allowed only when accidents are eliminated by a team consisting of at least two people.

3.7.7. Communication wires and cables are suspended between the racks of different buildings and with the help of ropes lowered from them to the ground. Throwing a wire, cable or rope from one roof to another can lead to an accident.

3.7.8. Suspension and dismantling of wires and communication cables that form intersections with power transmission wires and contact networks of land transport should be done using a rope loop in compliance with the recommendations of paragraphs 3.2, 3.4. Suspending communication lines over the wires of power lines is life threatening!

3.7.9. When tensioning and adjusting the wires, the blocks should be fastened only to the rack pipe, and not to the roof railing, chimney or ventilation pipes.

3.7.10. Materials and tools should be delivered to the roof by the internal stairs through the exit hatch or dormer window. If this is not possible, loads should be lifted with a pulley supported by a yard-side tested fire escape. The lift must be fenced off. The load lifted to the edge of the roof is secured with a rope to a reliable structure (rack, beam, etc.) and then pulled to the roof with the same rope and securely fixed to it for stable structures. Small materials and tools should be in the bag.

3.7.11. After finishing work on the roof, the remnants of the material must be removed.

3.7.12. When working on the roofs of buildings, in order to avoid accidents, you should not:

3.7.12.1. Stand under the load being lifted;

3.7.12.2. Sit on the barrier, fence and edge of the roof;

3.7.12.3. Dump and remove any objects from the roof.

3.7.13. The condition of the safety cables, ladders (walkways), exit ladders and work platforms leading to and near the racks should be checked at least once a year.

3.7.14. Before climbing from the landing to the attic and from the attic to the roof, as well as when moving through the attic, all metal structures encountered on the way (doors, if they are upholstered with iron, stairs, hatches, beams, ventilation and heating structures) should be checked with a low voltage indicator. , metal roofing, etc.). After making sure that there is no voltage, it is necessary to check the serviceability of stairs, ladders, hatches, etc. as you move. In the presence of voltage or malfunction of the means and ways of exit to the counter, further advancement to it is prohibited. The discovery must be immediately reported to the owners of buildings and the administration of your enterprise.

3.7.15. When working in the attic, the use of combined gloves is mandatory.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. In the event of accidents and situations that can lead to accidents and accidents, you should:

4.1.1. Immediately stop work and notify the person responsible for the work;

4.1.2. Under the guidance of the person responsible for the production of works, promptly take measures to eliminate the causes of accidents or causes that can lead to accidents and accidents;

4.1.3. About victims of accidents (injured) or those who have undergone a sudden illness, it is necessary to notify the person responsible for the production of work, report to the first-aid post and take urgent measures to provide the necessary first aid.

5. Safety requirement upon completion of work

At the end of the work, the electrician must do the following:

5.1. Clean and tidy up the workplace;

5.2. Deliver tools and accessories to the main place of work.

5.3. Upon arrival at the main place of work, remove overalls, wash hands with soap and water, take a shower.

5.4. Inform the person responsible for the execution of the work about all the shortcomings noticed during the work and the measures taken to eliminate them.

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