Instruction on labor protection for a machine operator of woodworking machines

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Instruction on labor protection for a machine operator of woodworking machines

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. Persons who have undergone a medical examination and are deemed fit to perform this type of work, have been instructed, trained and tested on labor protection, fire safety, first aid and have a qualification certificate for the right to operate woodworking machines can be allowed to work on the machines.

1.2. Machine operators combining professions must be trained in safe working methods and be instructed in labor protection in all work performed.

1.3. Machine operators must know and comply with the internal labor regulations of the organization.

1.4. Machine operators must:

know the design of the machine, the device and the purpose of all its parts, fences and safety devices, grounding points for electric motors and starting devices;
be able to identify malfunctions of the machine, its devices and mechanisms;
know the requirements for circular saws, knives, cutters, how to install a cutting tool, cutting modes.

1.5. During work, machine operators must use personal protective equipment (mittens, overalls, safety shoes, hearing protection, etc.) issued in accordance with established standards.

1.6. Workplaces and work areas must have adequate lighting. The light should not blind the eyes.

1.7. To change the saw, cutter and other working parts, clean the machine, clean the workplace, you should use auxiliary tools (wrench, hook, shovel, brush, scraper, etc.).

1.8. At the workplace, fire safety rules must be observed. Smoking only in designated areas.

1.9. Organizational management of the work is carried out by the master directly or through the foreman.

1.10. Employees are responsible for violation of the requirements of these instructions in accordance with applicable law.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Wear overalls, shoes, headgear, other personal protective equipment. Clothing must not have hanging ends that can be caught in moving parts of machinery.

2.2. Carry out an external inspection of the machine and make sure:

in free access to starting devices;
in good condition of electrical equipment and grounding devices, starting and blocking devices by briefly turning on the machine;
in the efficiency of the braking device;
in the presence of fences, their serviceability and reliability of fastening;
in good condition of the tool, pushers, the presence of a hook.

2.3. On circular saws, check the correct installation and fastening of the saw blade and make sure:

in the correctness and sharpness of its sharpening;
in the absence of cracks, burrs, bluing;
the presence of teeth and the uniformity of their divorce (it is not allowed to operate the saw in the absence of at least one tooth);
that the saw guard above the table is in good condition and that it is correctly installed (the steel strip must be installed above the saw);
the presence and serviceability of the saw guard under the machine table (the saw must be fully lowered to the extreme position);
in the absence of runout and axial run-up of the saw shaft;
in sufficient illumination of the workplace.

Check the direction of rotation of the saw by briefly switching it on. The saw blade must rotate towards the feed material.

For multi saw machines, check that the saws mounted on the same shaft have the same diameter, thickness, tooth profile, setting, flattening, soldering. It is allowed to install saws with diameters that differ by no more than 5 mm.

Check the presence and operation of the claw curtain. The stops of the claw curtains should rise under the action of the material fed into the machine and fall to their original position. The gap between the lower edges of the stops of one of the rows and the surface of the feeder of the machine should be no more than 2 mm.

The gap between the stop plates should be no more than 1 mm. The stops must be sharp, provide a constant wedging angle of 55 - 60 ° when processing material of any thickness and must not rotate in the direction opposite to the material feed.

2.4. On thicknessing and four-sided planing machines, an external inspection of the machine should be carried out and make sure that:

cutting tool (no cracks, notches, sharpness of sharpening);
corrugated roller (no cracks, worn surface and crumbled ribs);
safety stops and additional curtains on the front edge of the table (when these devices are turned off, the feed drive in the direction of material processing should be automatically turned off);
limiter of the limiting section of the material in front of the feeders;
actions of the pneumatic transport system;
braking device, grounding devices, blocking the feed mechanism with the knife shafts of the machine.

Check the strength of fastening knives, chip breakers. The blades of the knives should not protrude beyond the edge of the chipbreakers by more than 1,5 mm and should describe a circle of the same radius.

Make sure that the knife shaft is cylindrical, balanced and does not hit the bearings.

Make sure that the starting devices are in good condition by turning on the machine for a short time.

2.5. On planing machines, an external inspection of the machine should be carried out and make sure:

in the sharpness of sharpening knives, in the absence of cracks, notches;
in the strength of fastening knives;
that the blades describe a circle of the same radius and the knife shaft has a cylindrical shape, is balanced and does not “beat” in the bearings. The use of bookmarks to give the shaft a cylindrical shape is prohibited;
in good condition of steel plates (lack of notches, potholes). The gap between the edges of the overlays and the surface that the edges of the knife blade describe should be no more than 3 mm;
in the correct installation of the rear table: the plane of the rear table in height should be at the level of the cutting edges of the knives;
in the reliability of fixing the guide line;
in good condition of the automatically operating knife shaft guard, brake and grounding devices;
in good condition of devices for processing parts, pushers;
in good condition of starting devices by briefly switching on the machine.

Make sure that the electrical equipment and grounding devices are in good condition, that ventilation and dust and chips removal are effective.

2.6. On milling machines, an external inspection of the machine should be made and make sure:

in the sharpness of sharpening knives, milling cutters, in the absence of cracks, notches;
in the strength of fixing cutters, knives, cutter heads;
that the cutter heads are well balanced, the blades describe a circle of the same radius;
that the machine spindle is balanced and does not "beat";
in good condition of the brake devices;
in the reliability of fixing the guide ruler, in the presence of serviceable devices that ensure the clamping of the workpiece to the table and the ruler (springs, combs);
in good condition of the automatically operating fence of the cutter and devices for processing parts;
in good condition of electrical equipment and grounding devices;
in good condition of starting devices by briefly switching on the machine.

2.7. On drilling and grooving machines, an external inspection of the machine should be made and make sure:

in the sharpness of sharpening the drill, the absence of cracks, notches;
in the strength of fixing the drill in the chuck. The fastening of the drill must ensure its precise centering;
that the spindle is balanced and does not "beat" in the bearings;
in good condition of electrical equipment, grounding and braking devices;
in good condition of clamping devices, fences and starting devices by briefly switching on the machine;
the drill guard and its fastening are in good condition. The drill must be protected together with the chuck. When the drill is deepened into the workpiece, the guard must cover the rest of the drill, and when the drill exits the workpiece, it must completely enclose the drill;
in good condition of the brake device and interlocks. The interlock should ensure that the machine cannot be turned on when the guard door is open;
in good condition of the pedal mechanism and hydraulic system, sufficient amount of oil in the pump, no oil leakage;
hydraulic clamp, pressure gauge and hydraulic fuse are in good condition.

2.8. On tenoning machines, you should make an external inspection of the machine and make sure that:

braking and grounding devices, electrical equipment;
cutting tool (sharpness of sharpening, absence of cracks, notches);
devices for fixing knives, cutters, saws. Blades of knives should describe a circle of one radius;
clamping device, carriage (side shields must be fixed on the carriage to prevent contact with the cutting tool);
solid fencing of horizontal, vertical cutter heads and saws, fencing of the machine drive;
safety bars protecting the cutters from the front side of the dovetail machines;
automatic ejector of a double-sided tenoning machine and inclined planes of the shield that regulates the position of the material on the supply chain;
fencing of the feed chain and conveyor sprockets;
starting devices by briefly turning on the machine.

2.9. On lathes, an external inspection of the machine should be carried out and make sure that:

braking and grounding devices, electrical equipment;
cutting tool (sharpness of sharpening, absence of cracks, notches, burrs and cracks in the handle, strength of the handle, the presence of a metal ring that prevents the handle from splitting).

The head guard at the rotating end of the mechanism may be removable or open and lock in the open position.

The fastening of the hand rest must reliably exclude spontaneous displacement of the hand rest during operation.

The screen must be made of transparent impact-resistant material and installed in the treatment area.

The locking device must ensure that the machine cannot be turned on when the spindle is locked for changing the faceplate.

For grinding machined parts, special pads should be provided. Cleaning of parts by pressing the sanding paper with your hands is prohibited.

2.10. On round stick machines, an external inspection of the machine should be made and make sure:

in the sharpness of sharpening incisors, the absence of cracks, notches;
in the strength of fixing the incisors in the head;
that the cutting head is well balanced and the cutters describe a circle of the same radius;
in good condition of the fences;
in accordance with the feed rollers and the shutter of the receiving device with the diameter of the workpieces;
in coaxiality of the spindle axis and the axis of symmetry of the profile of the front and rear feed rollers;
in the sharpness of sharpening and the correctness of the divorce of the teeth of the saw, in the absence of broken teeth, cracks, notches, in the strength of the fastening of the saw;
that the machine spindle is balanced and does not “beat” in the bearings;
in good condition starting devices, braking and grounding devices, direct and reverse feed of the part by briefly turning on the machine.

2.11. On band saw joinery machines, an external inspection of the machine should be made and make sure:

in good condition of the fences and the device that provides a constant tension of the saw band during operation;
availability and reliability of a device that prevents the tape from falling off in the direction of feeding the sawn material.

Adjust the protective shield that protects the machine operator's hands along the cutting height of the workpiece being processed, and make sure that it is securely fastened.

Install the removable guide ruler on the machine table in accordance with the width of the material being cut.

By test work, check the operation of the automatic device that cleans the pulley and saw blade from resin and sawdust.

Check the gap between the insert surfaces in the slots of the table and the saw, which should not exceed 3 mm.

2.12. On combined machines, an external inspection of the machine should be carried out to make sure that the riving and guiding knives meet the following requirements:

the thickness of the riving knife must exceed the width of the cut by 0,5 mm for saws with a diameter of up to 600 mm and by 1 - 2 mm for saws with a diameter of more than 600 mm;
the thickness of the guide knives must be equal to the calculated width of the cut (the thickness of the saw plus the amount of divorce or flattening of the teeth) or less than it by no more than 0,5 mm;
the gap between the knives along the entire length of their pointed part and the top line of the saw teeth should be no more than 10 mm.

Check the operability of the device that provides simultaneous operation on only one unit; at the same time, for other units, the cutting tools must be completely closed. In the absence of such a device, remove all cutting tools from the remaining units.

Ensure that all existing guards are in place and in good condition.

2.13. Check the operation of the machine at idle.

2.14. Faults discovered during the inspection and testing of the machine that prevent its safe operation, if it is impossible to eliminate them on their own, should be reported to the foreman. It is forbidden to work on a machine that has malfunctions.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. The employee must perform only the work that is entrusted to him by his immediate supervisor.

3.2. Before switching on the sawing machine, make sure that it is not dangerous to start it.

Start sawing the material only at a steady speed of rotation of the saw blade (determined by the sound characteristic of the saw at full engine speed).

The supply of lumber to the cutting tool should be carried out smoothly, without jerks, avoiding impacts on the wood.

Move lumber (boards, slabs) to the work table only with a hook. It is forbidden to take the board by the end with your hands.

Make sure that the length of the processed material is greater than the distance between the axes of the front and rear parcel rollers, discs by at least 100 mm.

Remove scraps stuck in the slots only when the saw has come to a complete stop using a special hook.

Take your foot off the pedal immediately after trimming. It is forbidden to keep your foot on the pedal while laying and moving lumber. Remove sawn trimmings from the machine only with a hook.

Inspection, cleaning, adjustment, lubrication of the machine, fixing of fences, manual cleaning of scraps and sawdust from the table should be carried out only when the cutting tool is completely stopped.

Do not:

slow down the saw by pressing any object on the surface of the disk or teeth;
be in the plane of the working saw in the zone of possible ejection of the processed material;
look, put your hands under the fences of the saw blade until it stops completely when scraps get into the slot;
sawing several boards, slabs at the same time without a special device that ensures their clamping to the guide ruler and table;
when feeding a bar into the machine, stand against its end;
straighten the beam after it is captured by the parcel rollers;
process icy boards in the machine;
leave the machine unattended;
open and remove guards.

3.3. On thicknessers and four-sided planers, make sure that the knife shaft rotates in the direction of the material.

Not allowed:

work with gloves. To protect your hands, you should use special handhelds;
remove chips with a thickness of more than 2 mm in one pass;
handle frozen wood, wood with large cracks.

Feed parts into the feed rollers without jerks, end to end. At the same time, do not keep your hands on the end of the part.

Make sure that the thickness of the planed parts is the same. Keep your hands away from the feed rollers.

The shortest length of the processed material must be 100 mm more than the distance between the parcel rolls.

Processing of parts with a length of more than 2 m is carried out using auxiliary tables with rollers installed in front and behind the machine.

If the part jams in the rollers, stop the machine, after the knife shaft has completely stopped, pull out the part.

Coordinate your actions with assistants, if necessary, reduce the feed rate.

3.4. On planers, make sure that the cutting tool rotates in the opposite direction of the material.

Processing of parts is carried out only on a layer of wood.

Carefully inspect the details; if small knots, cracks are found, reduce the feed rate.

Make sure that the machine does not receive boards with nails and other metal objects.

Firmly press the parts to the table and ruler using fixtures.

Feed the material to the cutting tool smoothly, without jerks.

Not allowed:

work with gloves. To protect your hands, you should use special handhelds;
process frozen wood, wood with falling branches, large cracks, rot, deflections;
feed the parts with your hands at the end;
remove chips with a thickness of more than 2 mm in one pass;
use clamps to secure the guide line;
work with a broken or removed knife shaft guard.

Jointing of workpieces with a length of less than 400 mm, already 50 mm or thinner than 30 mm is carried out using special pusher blocks. Jointing of parts with a length of more than 2 m should be carried out with an auxiliary table with rollers. Jointing of a pack of parts is carried out in special devices.

Do not brake the knife shaft by pressing the workpiece; braking is carried out with the help of a braking device.

3.5. On milling machines, you need to make sure that the cutting tool rotates towards the movement of the material.

Processing of parts is carried out only on a layer of wood.

Not allowed:

work in gloves;
process workpieces with large cracks and rot;
fasten the guide line with clamps.

If small cracks, rot, branches are found, reduce the feed rate.

The processing of parts with a cross section of 40 x 40 mm and a length of 400 mm or less should be carried out in special devices.

Securely fix parts in templates.

When processing parts with a cutting tool with a radius of more than 200 mm, and also if more than two cutters are installed on the spindle, the upper end of the spindle must be fixed in the bracket.

Curvilinear milling of parts should be carried out only in special templates with clamps. Non-through milling or milling from the middle should be carried out only if there are limit stops at the guide bar corresponding to the length of the section to be milled.

When working without a guide ruler, use a slide, templates resting on the ring below the cutter.

Do not brake the spindle by pressing the workpiece, brake using a braking device.

3.6. On drilling and drilling-grooving machines, it is necessary to securely fasten the workpiece with clamps. Feed the drill on the part smoothly, without jerking.

When processing parts longer than 1,5 m, use special stands. For workpieces longer than 3 m, a roller table must be provided.

Not allowed:

work with gloves, mittens;
process workpieces with large cracks, rot, with falling knots.

Monitor the correct operation of the exhaust ventilation.

Remove chips from the drilled socket only with a brush.

Do not brake the spindle by pressing the part; braking is carried out with the help of a braking device.

On drilling and grooving machines, it is necessary to monitor the operation of the hydraulic system, prevent oil leakage and oil heating above 40 ° C, maintain normal pressure in the system.

When processing parts longer than 2 m, it is necessary to attach supports in the form of a goat with rollers or roller tables to the machine table.

It is not allowed to turn on the pump without oil, use rags to clean the tank.

3.7. On tenoning machines, you need to make sure that the cutting tool rotates towards the movement of the parts.

Securely fasten the parts with a clamping device across the entire width, feed evenly, without jerks.

Monitor the operation of the hydraulic system, prevent leakage and oil heating above 40 ° C, maintain normal pressure in the system.

3.8. On lathes, it is necessary to securely fasten the workpiece.

When processing parts with a length of more than 800 mm, use adjustable rulers.

The circumferential speed of turned solid parts should be no more than 15 m/s, glued parts - no more than 10 m/s.

It is not allowed to work in gloves, mittens.

3.9. On circular stick machines, it is necessary to ensure that the feed rollers securely clamp the workpiece.

When turning workpieces of different lengths, guide the longer workpiece into the cutting head first. Feed blanks end to end.

Workpieces with curvature along the entire length should be fed with a downward bend. Workpieces with knots, rot at the ends should be directed with a damaged end into the cutting head.

If the workpiece jams, switch the feed mechanism to reverse. If at the same time the workpiece is not removed from the rollers, stop the machine and knock out the workpiece with blows to the end from the side of the rear rollers.

3.10. On band saw joinery machines, sawing of the workpiece should only be started at a steady band speed at full engine speed.

Check the tension of the saw blade and its condition. The tape must be constantly cleaned of resin and sawdust in automatic mode.

When manually feeding the material being processed, use manual devices that provide reliable clamping and guiding of the material, excluding the possibility of contact between the hands or other parts of the worker's body with the cutting tool. Feed material smoothly, without jerks.

Do not:

inspect, clean, lubricate, adjust the machine until the belt stops completely;
sawing several workpieces at the same time;
correct the workpiece in the sawing process;
handle icy workpieces;
leave the machine unattended;
open and remove guards.

3.11. On combined machines, when sawing, drilling, grooving, milling, jointing, the sequence of operations must be ensured and the safety requirements set forth above for each type of work must be met.

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

4.1. In the event of an emergency, immediately stop the machine with the "Stop" button.

4.2. If the engine overheats, stop it and let it cool down. Do not cool the engine with water or snow.

4.3. If there is a knock, vibration, a change in the characteristic noise, overheating of the cutting tool, bearings, the smell of burning or smoke, the breakage of the saw teeth, immediately stop the machine.

4.4. If it is necessary to eliminate a malfunction that has arisen during operation and maintenance, it is necessary to turn off the engine.

4.5. If a fire or fire is detected, immediately inform the fire brigade, proceed to extinguish the fire with the available fire extinguishing equipment.

4.6. The victim or eyewitness must notify the foreman or the appropriate work manager of each accident or fire.

4.7. Each worker must be able to provide first aid. Assistance must be provided immediately at the scene of the incident. The first step is to eliminate the source of injury (turn off the engine, stop the mechanism, remove the victim from under the log, timber, etc.). The provision of assistance should begin with the most significant that threatens the health or life of a person: in case of severe bleeding, apply a tourniquet, and then bandage the wound; if a closed fracture is suspected, apply a splint; with open fractures, you should first bandage the wound, and then apply a splint; for burns, apply a dry bandage; in case of frostbite, gently rub the affected area using soft or fluffy tissues.

If spinal injuries are suspected, the victim can only be transported in the supine position on a rigid base.

After providing first aid, the victim should be sent to the nearest medical facility.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

5.1. Upon completion of work, you should:

turn off the machine and near-machine equipment;
tidy up the workplace, clean the machine, near-machine equipment, aisles from sawdust and debris;
put tools and accessories in a special cabinet;
clean clothes, shoes. It is forbidden to blow clothes, floor, equipment with compressed air;
check the serviceability of all components and parts. If it is impossible to eliminate faults on your own, report them to a mechanic or foreman.

5.2. Any deficiencies in the field of labor protection must be reported to the foreman or the relevant work manager.

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