Instruction on labor protection for a concrete worker

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Occupational safety instructions for concrete workers. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General provisions

1.1. Men who have reached 18 years of age and are recognized by a medical commission as suitable for this work are allowed to work as concrete workers.

1.2. When starting a job, a concrete worker must undergo introductory training on labor protection, industrial sanitation, fire safety, techniques and methods of providing first-aid to victims and must be familiarized with the working conditions, rights and benefits for working in harmful and dangerous working conditions, under signature. rules of conduct in case of accidents.

Before starting work directly at the workplace, the concrete worker must undergo initial training on safe methods of performing work.

On the conduct of introductory briefing and briefing at the workplace, appropriate entries are made in the Logbook for the registration of introductory briefings on labor protection issues and the Logbook for the registration of briefings on labor protection issues. At the same time, the signatures of both the one who was instructed and the one who instructed are required.

1.3. After initial instruction at the workplace, the concrete worker must undergo an internship for 2-15 shifts (depending on the length of service, experience and nature of the work) under the guidance of an experienced qualified concrete worker, who is appointed by order (instruction) of the enterprise.

1.4. The concrete worker must undergo repeated instruction on the rules and techniques of safe work and labor protection:

periodically, at least once a quarter;
with unsatisfactory knowledge of labor protection no later than a month;
in connection with an admitted case of injury or violation of labor protection requirements that did not lead to injury.

1.5. The concrete worker must work in special clothing and safety shoes, which are provided for by the Standard Industry Standards:

cotton overalls, leather boots, combined mittens;
when working with vibrating tools - cotton overalls, rubber ankle boots, anti-vibration gloves;
on external robots in winter, additionally, in cotton trousers and a jacket with insulated padding and felt boots.

1.6. Workwear, safety shoes and personal protective equipment must be in good working order and correspond to the height and size of the concrete worker.

1.7. A concrete worker is prohibited from working on faulty equipment or faulty tools.

1.8. The concrete worker must ensure that his workplace, passages and entrances to it are cleared of debris, dirt and foreign objects. In winter, the passages must be sprinkled with sand, slag, etc.

1.9. At the work site, in a specially designated place, there must be a first aid kit equipped with everything necessary to provide first aid to the victim and a tank with drinking water.

1.10. It is prohibited to stand in the danger zone of lifting mechanisms or stand under a raised load.

1.11. It is allowed to turn on machines, power tools and lighting lamps only with the help of starters and switches. It is prohibited to touch poorly insulated electrical wires or unprotected parts of electrical equipment.

1.12. Walking over laid reinforcement is allowed only on special bridges with a width of at least 600 mm, which rest on the formwork.

1.13. The voltage of electric vibrators must correspond to the voltage of the electrical network supplying them. The voltage should be no more than 36 V.

1.14. It is not permitted to move temporary or permanent electrical wiring connected to a live electrical network.

1.15. Concreting from external platforms is not permitted when the wind force is 10 m/sec and during a thunderstorm.

1.16. In the dark, work may only be carried out with illumination of at least 50 lux. At the same time, the control platform, transition bridges and all working parts must be well illuminated.

1.17. Before working with chemical additives to concrete, the concrete worker must remember that calcium chloride, used as an accelerator for the setting and hardening of concrete, is dangerous for the skin of the face and hands, and bleach and its aqueous solutions are strong oxidizing agents that can release chlorine gas.

1.18. When working with calcium chloride or when using lime chloride and chlorinated mixtures, you must wear a respirator or gas mask, rubber gloves, and an apron.

1.19. When manufacturing reinforced concrete products and structures, a concrete worker must know:

requirements of the operating instructions for technological equipment used in the manufacture of reinforced concrete products;
technological scheme for the manufacture of reinforced concrete products;
main types and causes of equipment malfunctions and ways to eliminate them;
rules for cleaning, folding, lubricating molds and formworks, laying reinforcement and backfill parts in them, laying and vibrating compaction of concrete mixture;
vibration mode of concrete mixture of different hardness;
a factory or landfill installed alarm system.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, the concrete worker must put on overalls, safety shoes and prepare and check the serviceability of personal protective equipment. Button up your sleeves, tuck your hair under your headdress, and tuck in your clothes so that the edges do not hang down.

2.2. Before starting work, the concrete worker must:

check the availability of the necessary equipment, tools, devices and verify by external inspection that they are in good condition;
inspect the place of the forthcoming work and approaches to it;
when transporting concrete mixture to the work site by dump trucks, make sure that stops are available and in good working order;
check the serviceability of scaffolds, decks and fences (the thickness of the deck must be at least 40 mm, the platforms must have railings with a height of at least 1000 mm and side boards with a height of 150 mm to prevent tools and other objects from falling);
make sure that the loading funnels, trays and trunks are firmly attached to the supports, as well as that the links of the metal trunks are securely connected;
clear the scaffolds, deckings, flights of stairs, etc. from debris and remains of the concrete mixture, and in winter, in addition, clear them of snow and sprinkle them with sand.

2.3. When using a concrete pump and a concrete paver to supply a concrete mixture, the concrete worker must check the operation of a two-way alarm (sound, light) between the concrete pump mechanic and the workers who receive the concrete, as well as clean and tightly lock all the locking connections of the concrete pipe, install an inclined reflector canopy near the initial hole of the concrete pipe .

2.4. When supplying inert materials by elevators, conveyors and other means, the concrete worker is not allowed to clean the drums and troughs of mixing machines, conveyor belts and augers during their operation. Cleaning is allowed only after the machines and mechanisms are completely stopped and disconnected from the power supply.

2.5. The pit of the loading bucket of a concrete mixer should be cleaned only after the raised bucket has been securely secured.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. When transporting the concrete mixture to the place of laying:

3.1.1. When supplying a concrete mixture, the concrete worker must monitor the serviceability of the container and report any violations to the foreman.

3.1.2. The concrete worker must ensure that the holes in the deck and drain for supplying concrete are open only during the work period, and at the end of the work shift and during breaks they must be closed. Open the tub, hopper and other containers carefully; This operation should be performed by experienced concrete workers.

3.1.3. A concrete worker working with a concrete pump or a concrete paver directly to lay concrete into a structure must not allow unauthorized persons to remain near the outlet end of the concrete pipeline and its connection points while the concrete paver is working. It is prohibited to leave your workplace while the concrete pump is running.

3.1.4. When delivering concrete mixture by dump trucks, the concrete worker must comply with the following safety requirements:

do not approach the dump truck until it comes to a complete stop;
do not stand under the raised body of the dump truck and near the loaded bunker;
clean raised dump truck bodies from the ground with shovels (scrapers) with an extended handle;
do not stand on the chassis, do not be in the back of a dump truck.

3.1.5. It is prohibited for a concrete worker to stand on overpasses and mobile bridges while supplying concrete mixture to dump trucks. Bridges can only be moved if there are no people or vehicles in the way of their movement.

3.1.6. When feeding concrete mixture, the upper end of the belt conveyor should be located above the loading area at a height of at least 500 mm.

3.1.7. During operation of the conveyor, it is necessary to monitor its stability, as well as the serviceability of the protective canopies enclosing the conveyor from below above the passages and driveways.

3.2. When laying and compacting the concrete mixture:

3.2.1. When unloading the concrete mixture to supply it for laying, the concrete worker must be outside the area of possible falling concrete.

3.2.2. When supplying concrete mixture into a pit using pipes, trays, or drains, care must be taken to ensure that they are securely fastened and that the lower ends of the pipes, trunks, or drains do not protrude more than 1 m above the concrete receiving area.

3.2.3. A concrete worker laying concrete on a surface with a slope of more than 20° must use a safety belt.

3.2.4. Before starting to compact the concrete mixture with electric vibrators, it is necessary to check by external inspection:

the integrity of the insulation of the current-carrying hose wire and the reliability of its fastening;
serviceability of starting devices;
bolt density;
serviceability of the grounding contact of the vibrator.

3.2.5. Electric vibrators should be connected to the electrical network only using standard couplings and plugs; any other types of connection are prohibited.

Hose wires connected to the vibrator should be suspended and not routed over laid concrete.

3.2.6. During breaks in laying concrete or moving the vibrator to a new place, the vibrator must be disconnected from the power supply, and when moving it should be held by the body.

3.2.7. When working with electric vibrators, they should be moved through the compacted concrete mixture using flexible rods, without jerking. Pulling the vibrator by the hose wire is strictly prohibited. You cannot stand on the vibrator platform or push it with your feet if the vibrator is plugged in. When it rains, vibrators must be covered; water should not get on the vibrator.

3.2.8. When working with pneumatic vibrators, hoses must be connected to them and disconnected only after the compressed air supply has been stopped. Pneumatic vibrators must be switched on after they have been installed in their working position. It is necessary to ensure that there is no air leakage at the hose connection points. Flexible vibrator hoses must be pulled out in a straight or smooth curve without kinks (corners).

3.2.9. When working with pneumatic vibrators, you must use safety glasses to protect your eyes.

3.2.10. When working with an electric vibrator, in order to avoid electric shock, the concrete worker must use rubber dielectric gloves.

3.2.11. To reduce the harmful effects of noise, you should use earbuds or headphones that block high-pitched noise.

3.2.12. During prolonged operation, the vibrator must be turned off for five minutes every half hour to cool down.

3.2.13. To reduce noise during operation of the vibrating unit, it is necessary to securely fasten the forms to the vibrating machines and systematically check the tightness of all fastenings.

3.3. In the manufacture of reinforced concrete products and structures:

3.3.1. During work, the concrete worker must:

Configure, clean and lubricate mechanisms and equipment only when the electric motors are turned off;
moving away from the equipment (even for a short time), turn it off;
carefully monitor the sound and light signals given by lifting machines, cars and electric vehicles;
If any malfunctions are identified in mechanisms and equipment, report this to an engineer and technical worker.

3.3.2. When manually lubricating forms and formwork, it is necessary to use a sprayer with a long handle to prevent the sprayed emulsion from entering the upper respiratory tract.

3.3.3. To avoid skin diseases of the hands, lubricating molds is only allowed with rubber gloves.

3.3.4. When slinging, transporting and laying reinforcement and backfill parts into forms and formwork, the concrete worker must:

check the serviceability of the lifting mechanism, the suitability of the devices, the reliability of the start buttons and the lifting limiter, as well as the reliability of the grounding of the start button case;
release the way of movement of reinforcement;
slinging of reinforcement should be carried out with a grip on both sides;
when lifting and transporting reinforcement with a hoist, it is prohibited to exceed its load capacity;
transport the reinforcement smoothly, without jerking, maintain the reinforcement in a horizontal position;
if it is necessary to stack fittings in stacks, it is necessary to ensure their stability and not block the approaches to starting devices and electrical distribution cabinets;
When laying the reinforcement, ensure that the mounting loops are installed correctly and securely.

3.3.5. When manufacturing reinforced concrete structures with obviously stressed reinforcement, the concrete worker must check the serviceability of pumps, hydraulic and mechanical jacks, devices that record tension, and other equipment; check the tensioning fittings. Defective rods that have undercuts, bends and twists must be replaced.

3.3.6. Areas for tensioning reinforcement must have protective fences (grids) at least 1,8 m high at the ends of the stands.

It is prohibited for persons not associated with this work to remain in the area of preparation and tensioning of reinforcement.

3.3.7. During breaks in work and at the end of it, the concrete worker must disconnect the installation for tensioning the reinforcement from the power supply.

3.3.8. When using electrothermal tension of reinforcing bars, the concrete worker must comply with the following requirements:

when the cores are cooling, it is forbidden for unauthorized persons to be near the molds;
it is necessary to put on safety covers on the ends of the rods with anchor stops, which are removed only when the forms are fed into the steaming chamber;
When heating rods outside the mold, protect installations for heating rods and conductive devices.

3.3.9. Before placing the concrete mixture into the form or formwork, the concrete worker must check the serviceability of the locks and hinges of the form, as well as the correctness and reliability of fastening the mounting hinges to the reinforcement.

The concrete mixture should be laid evenly in the form.

3.3.10. When working on a vibratory platform, the concrete worker must:

before each switching on of the vibrating platform, make sure that there are no people on it;
level the concrete mixture manually only when the vibration platform is turned off;
During operation of the vibration platform, be sure to use personal protective equipment against industrial noise - anti-noise earplugs or headphones.

3.3.11. Descending into the steaming chambers is allowed only after turning off the steam supply, cooling the chamber and the products in it to 40°C; Permanent or removable stepladders should be used for descent.

3.3.12. When removing finished products from the steaming chambers, slinging must be carried out using all existing mounting loops.

3.4. Labor protection requirements for electrical heating of reinforced concrete structures:

3.4.1. A concrete worker who concretes structures that can be heated electrically must undergo special training on safe work practices. Those who work near hot areas should be warned about the risk of electric shock.

3.4.2. Areas that warm up should be fenced off and well lit at night. Fences are installed at a distance of at least 3 m from the border of the area under current.

It is prohibited for unauthorized people to stay and perform any work in areas that are heated by electric current.

3.4.3. When electrically heating concrete, installation and connection of electrical equipment to the power supply network should be carried out only by electricians who have a qualification group for electrical safety of at least III, and not by a concrete worker.

3.4.4. In the electric heating zone there must be a signal lamp placed in a visible place, which lights up when the current is turned on in the area. From this point on, only persons who maintain the installation may be on the work site.

3.4.5. The concrete worker who carries out electrical heating must work in dielectric rubber shoes and the same gloves; the tool must have insulated handles.

3.4.6. Before concreting, you must make sure that the area prepared for electrical heating, where the concrete mixture will be laid, is not under current.

3.4.7. When concreting in poorly lit areas, it is allowed to use portable lamps with a voltage of no more than 12 V.

3.4.8. Before unloading the concrete mixture, the concrete worker must ensure that the reinforcement and electrodes are placed correctly. The distance between the electrodes and the reinforcement must be at least 5 cm. The concrete mixture must be unloaded carefully, without moving the electrodes.

3.4.9. Watering concrete is allowed only after the stress in the heating structures has been relieved.

3.4.10. Before electrically heating the concrete, for better contact with the wires, the protruding ends of the electrodes must be cleaned of the concrete mixture. After electrical heating is completed, the ends of the electrodes protruding from the concrete must be cut off.

3.4.11. The temperature of concrete should be measured in dielectric rubber galoshes and mittens. In this case, you must be extremely careful, not to come close to the structure, and also not to lean on it. If possible, carry out work with one hand, holding the other behind your back or to the side.

3.4.12. It is prohibited to check the presence of voltage on parts of the electrical installation by hand. To do this, you should use current detectors or test lamps that have tips at the ends of the wires.

3.4.13. Walking or transporting concrete in the electrically heated zone, which is under voltage, is permitted only on specially constructed ramps and scaffolds.

3.4.14. When electrically heating monolithic structures that are concreted in parts, the non-concrete reinforcement associated with the heated area must be carefully grounded.

3.4.15. When carrying out concrete work at height, the concrete worker must:

turn on the voltage for electric heating only when there are no people in the heating zone;
measure the temperature of concrete in the heating zone using remote devices or when the voltage is turned off.

3.4.16. It is prohibited to carry out any work inside closed reinforced concrete structures that are under tension. These works can only be carried out after the power has been switched off.

3.4.17. Electrical heating of reinforced concrete structures should be carried out with a voltage not exceeding 110 V.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. At the end of the work, the concrete worker must:

clean the scaffolds, floorings, and flights of stairs from any remaining concrete mixture;
put the workplace and mechanisms in proper order;
clean concrete mixers, concrete pumps, vibrators, hand tools from concrete mixture;
remove, clean overalls, footwear and personal protective equipment;
wash face and hands with warm soapy water or take a shower.

4.2. Hand tools and vibrators should be placed carefully in a designated area.

4.3. Report all malfunctions and malfunctions to an engineer and technical worker.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. If the alarm is damaged and communication is interrupted between the concrete pump motorist and the concrete workers laying concrete, work must be stopped until the alarm is restored.

5.2. If a plug forms in the concrete pipeline, pipelines or hoses, it is necessary to stop the concrete pump, take measures to remove the plug in accordance with the operating instructions for the concrete pump and inform the foreman - the work manager about the measures taken. Removing plugs is permitted only after the pressure in the system has been relieved.

5.3. In the event of a fire, the source of the fire must be extinguished with sand, a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, water, fine spraying, or steam.

5.4. If it is impossible to quickly extinguish the fire on your own, you must immediately call a special fire brigade.

5.5. In case of accidents, the concrete worker must be able to provide first aid and, if necessary, call an ambulance, as well as inform the administration about what happened.

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