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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions for labor protection when working with tools for manual forging
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. This manual establishes labor protection requirements when working with hand forging tools. 1.2. Workers who have passed a medical examination, special training, passed the examination of the qualification commission, received a certificate, passed an introductory briefing on labor protection upon employment and initial briefing at the workplace, as well as repeated and, if necessary, , unscheduled and targeted briefings on labor protection, who have learned safe working methods. 1.3. Employees admitted to work must comply with the internal regulations established by the organization. 1.4. When performing blacksmithing work, the regime of work and rest should be observed. Rest and smoke is allowed in specially equipped places. 1.5. Workers need to perform only the work assigned by the work manager. It is not allowed to entrust your work to other employees and allow unauthorized persons to enter the workplace. 1.6. During work, the employee may be exposed to the following hazardous and harmful production factors: noise and vibration from working mechanisms, hot metal, dust and gas contamination of the air in the working area, thermal radiation from heated workpieces and furnaces, electric current. 1.7. Overalls, footwear and other personal protective equipment are issued to employees in accordance with applicable standards and in accordance with the work performed. 1.8. Overalls, footwear and personal protective equipment should be stored in specially designated places in compliance with the storage rules and used in good condition. 1.9. It is not allowed to touch general lighting fittings, broken electrical wires, terminals and other live parts, open the doors of electrical distribution cabinets and remove guards and protective covers from live parts of the equipment. 1.10. If the electrical equipment is faulty, an electrician should be called. Self troubleshooting is not allowed. 1.11. In the event of an accident, the victim should stop work, notify the work manager and seek medical attention. 1.12. When working with a tool for manual forging, an employee must comply with fire safety rules, know fire warning signals, the location of fire extinguishing equipment and be able to use them. It is not allowed to use fire-fighting equipment for household purposes, blocking passages and access to fire-fighting equipment. 1.13. Workers who work with hand forging tools need to know and follow the rules of personal hygiene. For drinking, you should use carbonated salted water (with a content of up to 5 grams of table salt per 1 liter of water) at the rate of 3-5 liters of water per employee per shift. 1.14. If any questions arise during the work related to its safe performance, you should contact the employee responsible for the safe performance of work. 1.15. Employees who violate the requirements of this instruction are liable in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work 2.1. Put on and carefully tuck in overalls, prepare other special personal protective equipment, relying on current standards. The jacket should cover the waist part of the trousers, and the trousers the upper part of the boots. It is not allowed to work without gloves, an apron and a headgear. 2.2. Check the serviceability of the equipment (anvils, heating devices, air ducts, etc.), take measures to eliminate the noticed shortcomings. Do not start work without making sure that the equipment is in full working order. 2.3. During operation, install shields on the side of the passages to protect others from possible damage by flying scale or metal particles, as well as heat shields from the harmful thermal effects of heating devices. 2.4. When servicing a gas forge, it is necessary to receive special instructions on labor protection, follow the following general rules:
2.5. When igniting an open hearth, you should first lower the shields of the folding umbrella, then, when the coal flares up, raise the shields of the umbrella and securely fasten them in the non-working position. 2.6. In the process of work, load the hearth with fuel evenly, avoiding a large accumulation of gases above it. 2.7. Chisels, axes, trowels, and other percussion instruments should be mounted on serviceable handles made of viscous wood (dogwood, young birch, beech, etc.) without wedging, and hammers and sledgehammers - with a wedge made of mild steel with a "ruff" notch. 2.8. Place the tool in the workplace with maximum ease of use, avoiding the presence of unnecessary items in the work area. 2.9. The floor at the workplace must be kept even and dry (not slippery), cleaned in a timely manner and not cluttered with workpieces, waste, other objects and substances. 2.10. Check that there is clean water in the tool cooling tank. 2.11. Clean the working surface of the anvil from scale, oil, water or other possible contaminants, wipe wet or oily tools with a rag (rag). 2.12. If there are lifting mechanisms at the workplace, make sure they are in full working order and check for the presence of a stencil on these devices indicating the number, carrying capacity, date of the subsequent test (checks), and on removable load gripping devices - the presence of tags certifying the suitability of the devices. 2.13. Check the condition of general and local lighting. If any deficiencies are found, report them to the manager. 2.14. Check the serviceability of local exhaust ventilation and shower installation, put them into operation. 3. Labor protection requirements during work 3.1. In the process of work, the temperature interval for forging blanks established by the technological documentation should be observed. Forging burnt or cooled metal below normal can lead to an accident. 3.2. Before use, the impacted tool must be warmed up, and the tool that has become very hot during operation should be cooled in a tank with clean water and then dried. 3.3. Remove scale and stumps from the anvil with special tools, brushes and a short broom. It is allowed to use an air blower to remove scale from the anvil only when the scale is collected in a special container using a sealed air duct. 3.4. Take the pliers along the profile of the forging so that the jaws of the pliers fit snugly against it. 3.5. Before forging, remove scale from the workpiece with a special device, a metal brush, a scraper or light blows from a hammer. 3.6. During prolonged forging and when forging heavy workpieces, it is necessary to put on a ring (spandyr) on the handles of the tongs, which holds the tongs in a compressed state. 3.7. The workpiece should be laid on the anvil so that it fits snugly against it (check this by lightly hitting the workpiece with a hammer). 3.8. To lift and move manually short and heavy workpieces to the anvil, it is necessary to use self-clamping (blank) tongs with divorced pincers. These operations must be performed only by two people, the feed to the anvil should be carried out at the command of the senior. 3.9. When striking, hold the handles of the tool only to the side, and not in front of you. It is not allowed to put fingers between the handles of the tongs. 3.10. When working, make sure that the hammerer stands half-turned towards the blacksmith, and not opposite the blacksmith. 3.11. When working, the blacksmith is obliged to warn the hammerer with conventional signs about changing his actions (in a clear voice): "Impose", "Hit harder", "Hit once", "Hit before the command "Stop"" and show the place of impact with a hammer or other tool. 3.12. Before applying the first blow with a sledgehammer, make sure that no one will be hit by it when swinging. Blows inflict directly, all striker. 3.13. Apply blows only to the place of forging, do not allow blows to tongs, tool handles, anvil, etc. 3.14. Apply any tool to the forging or change its position only after warning the assistant. 3.15. When cutting, set the chisel strictly vertically (at the initial moment). When working with a chisel with a sledgehammer, wedge holders with a handle not less than 0,7 m long should be used. 3.16. Cutting should be done only on the edge (edge) of the anvil, making the first and last blows weak; before the last blow, turn the forging with the hemmed side down. Direct the severed end away from you and to the side, making sure that others are safe. 3.17. Finish forging at the command "Stop". 3.18. When driving wedges into the handles of sledgehammers and hammers, hold the wedge with tongs. 3.19. When hand forging is not allowed:
4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations 4.1. You should stop performing work, turn off the equipment used, report the incident to the work manager if at least one of the following malfunctions occurs:
4.2. In the event of an accident, you should:
4.3. In case of electric shock, you should:
4.4. In the event of a fire, you should:
5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work 5.1. At the end of the shift or work, turn off heating devices, turn off local lighting and ventilation. 5.2. Tidy up the workplace by placing waste and forgings in the designated places, cleaning the anvil and adjacent floor areas from scale and dirt. 5.3. Wipe the working tools with a rag (rag) and place them neatly in the designated places (racks, racks, cabinets). 5.4. Remove overalls, personal protective equipment and put them in a specially designated place. 5.5. Wash face and hands with warm water and soap, take a shower. 5.6. Notify the work manager about the work performed, the problems identified during it.
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