Instruction on labor protection for a feller and a lumberjack

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Instruction on labor protection for a feller and a lumberjack

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

General labor protection requirements are set out in the instructions "General requirements for labor protection for workers engaged in logging and forestry work".

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Get an indication from the foreman or foreman on which cutting area to carry out the felling of the forest. Unauthorized transition to a new cutting area is not allowed.

2.2. Before starting the engine of a gasoline-powered saw, you should:

conduct an external inspection of the saw, make sure that all its parts are in good condition and secure;
put on and tension the saw chain;
check the serviceability of cotton devices;
fill the tank of the petrol-powered saw with a combustible mixture. Use of leaded gasoline for a combustible mixture is not allowed;
remove fuel and gasoline residues from the surface of the saw by wiping.

It is forbidden to refuel the saw with a fuel mixture at a distance of less than 20 m from an open flame, and also to smoke during refueling.

2.3. When starting the saw engine, you must:

place the saw so that the teeth of the saw do not touch the surrounding objects;
make sure that there are no unauthorized persons at a distance of at least 1,5 m;
take a stable position, start the engine;
warm up the engine at low speeds;
Run in a new circuit at idle;
Test sawing to make sure that the saw chain is sharpened correctly and that the tool works properly.
after stopping the engine, adjust the chain tension.

2.4. Any malfunctions found during the inspection and testing of the gasoline-powered saw, if it is impossible to eliminate them on your own, should be reported to the foreman or mechanic. It is not allowed to work with a faulty saw.

2.5. The presence and serviceability of auxiliary devices (hydraulic wedge, hydraulic jack, felling fork, shovel, wedge, etc.) are to be checked. It is not allowed to work on a felling without felling devices.

2.6. Before felling a tree, the feller and lumberjack must:

cut around the tree within a radius of 0,7 m the bush that interferes with the felling;
at a distance of 3 m at an angle of 60 ° in the direction opposite to the fall of the tree, prepare an escape route, and in winter clear or trample the snow. The width of the exit path after clearing or trampling down the snow should be at least 0,45 m, the depth of the snow left along the ring around the tree - no more than 0,2 m, on the exit path - no more than 0,3 m;
evaluate the size, shape of the trunk and crown, the slope of the tree to be felled and choose the direction of the fall.

2.7. The territory within a radius of 50 m from the place of felling trees (in mountainous conditions - at least 60 m) is a dangerous zone.

With a slope of more than 15 °, the danger zone extends along the slope to the foot of the mountain.

The danger zone along skidding trails must be marked with safety signs, which must be moved during the working day.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. The employee must perform only the work that is entrusted to him by his immediate supervisor.

3.2. To refuel a gasoline-powered saw with a combustible mixture, you should choose a convenient and fireproof place in the cutting area. Wipe the parts of the saw that have been poured during refueling dry before starting the engine. Starting the engine of a gasoline-powered saw at a refueling point is not allowed.

3.3. When felling forests with motorized tools, you must:

use felling devices (hydro wedge, hydraulic jack, felling fork, spatula, wedge);
work together (a feller with a lumberjack) in the development of windfall and windbreak cutting areas and burnt areas, with gradual, selective, conditionally clear, sanitary felling, on slopes of more than 20 °, in preparing cutting areas for felling;
sawing from the side in which it is planned to fell the tree. Sawing a tree from two sides or around the circumference is allowed;
sawing upright trees to a depth of 1/4 - 1/3 of the diameter at the place of cutting, trees with an inclination towards the felling - by 1/3 of the diameter, trees with an angle of inclination of not more than 5 ° in the opposite direction - by 1/5 - 1/4 diameter.

The greater the slope of the tree along the direction of the felling, the deeper the cut should be.

The feller must:

perform the lower plane of the notch perpendicular to the axis of the tree; at the same time, the upper cut of the notch should form an angle of 30 - 40 ° with the lower plane or be parallel to the lower plane of the notch and be 1/8 of the diameter of the tree at the place of cutting from it;
cut down a tree perpendicular to its axis within the upper cut and above the lower plane of the notch not less than 2 cm;
leave a notch in healthy trees with a diameter of up to 40 cm - 2 cm, from 40 to 60 cm - 3 cm, more than 60 cm - 4 cm. In trees with foamy rot, the underdrink increases by 2 cm compared to healthy trees. not allowed;
in trees with a lateral slope of the trunk or crown in relation to the direction of the felling, the undercut should be made in the form of a wedge, the top of which is facing the direction of the slope;
fell trees with a slope of more than 5 °, in the direction of their slope, except for cases of felling trees in cutting areas with a slope of more than 15 °, when the trees are felled down the slope at an angle of 30 - 45 ° to the portage.

3.4. A feller is not allowed to: fell trees at night; transfer control of the saw to persons who do not have the right to do so; work with a saw with dull teeth of the saw chain; refuel and repair the saw, change the saw chain and its tension, turn the saw gearbox while the engine is running; remove the bar with the saw chain clamped in the cut until the engine stops completely.

3.5. Paws and influxes from the side of the notch should be filed; the depth of the notch is considered without taking them into account.

When using a hydrowedge, a hydraulic jack, they are inserted into the center of the cut. To avoid chipping, it is forbidden to insert them on the side of the cut.

3.6. When felling trees with a diameter of more than 1 m, the notch should be made with two parallel cuts. Niches are cut out for the saw gearbox housing. A bandage should be used to avoid chipping. Methods for felling large trees in relation to specific conditions should be indicated in the technological map.

3.7. Before felling rotten and dead trees, it is necessary to test their strength with a pole. Cutting such trees with an ax is not allowed. Such trees must be felled in the direction of their natural slope.

3.8. Felling of upright trees with one-sided external rot is carried out with a notch in the direction of rot. In trees with internal rot, the notches are cut to rot.

3.9. When sawing and sawing trees, the saw stop must be firmly brought into contact with the trunk, then with light pressure, insert the saw chain into the wood. If this requirement is not observed, the saw bar may bounce off the tree and injure the worker.

3.10. Before felling trees with a hydraulic wedge, make sure that the pump drive is turned off and the valve is open.

3.11. Felling devices should be used to push the tree. When felling forests using hydro wedges, it is necessary to make an additional cut on top of a cut with a height of 1,5 - 3,0 cm, leaving no steps.

3.12. Not allowed:

feed the hydrocline into the cut in jerks;
beat on the end with the butt of an ax or other hard objects;
allow the wedge to come into contact with the moving saw chain;
adjust the safety valve outside the workshop.

3.13. It is not allowed to simultaneously make a cut and turn on the hydraulic wedge to push the tree. The hydrocline can be put into action only after leaving the stock normalized in size.

3.14. At the beginning of the fall of the tree, the feller and the lumberjack should immediately move to a safe distance along the escape routes prepared in advance, while watching the falling tree and branches.

3.15. You should move from tree to tree when the engine is running at low speeds (when the saw chain is not moving).

3.16. It is not allowed to knock down one or more sawn trees with another tree (group felling of trees).

3.17. It is not allowed to leave trees that have been felled, uncut, or hung in the process of felling.

3.18. To protect the butt of inclined, thick and faut trees from splitting and splitting and to prevent injuries, it is necessary to put a bandage on the trunk.

3.19. When using jacks on a forest felling, it is necessary to start the saw engine and test the operation of the jack at idle.

Before cutting down the tree, a niche is sawn to a size that ensures reliable installation of the jack. After that, it is necessary to jack up the tree in order to avoid clamping the saw body,

3.20. When working with a jack, it is not allowed:

clamping the saw chain in the cut, since the jack pump does not work;
contact of the moving saw chain with the jack;
excessive extension of the jack pistons;
jerky extension of the pistons;
finishing the tree with the jack drive turned off;
filing a tree without pressing the trunk with a jack.

3.21. Felling trees on the forest wall is not allowed. At the beginning of the development of logging sites, clearing of clearings, logging roads and mustaches, skid trails, felling of trees must be carried out in the gap between neighboring trees.

The gap (the distance between the crowns of trees growing in front of the cut tree) must be at least the width of that part of the crown, which, when the sawn tree lands, will fall into this gap.

3.22. Felling trees with roots is carried out using a winch, tractor, bulldozer and other mechanisms. The tractor must be on the upland side. The working length of the rope for felling trees with roots must be at least 50 m.

3.23. Trees in nests overgrown or grown together at the stump (growing nearby) must be felled in the direction of their natural slope. Each tree must be felled separately. Sawing and sawing of such trees is carried out in a convenient place along the height of the trunk (depending on the diameter).

3.24. Trees with a fork must be felled to one side perpendicular to the plane of the fork, so that both trunks hit the ground at the same time when they fall.

3.25. Hanging trees should be removed with a tractor, winch or horse-drawn traction from a distance of at least 35 m. Each tree should be removed separately.

To remove a hung tree, a rope or rope is fixed on the butt; depending on the specific conditions, the tree is pulled off at an angle or along its axis.

In exceptional cases, it is allowed to remove hung trees:

levers (full bars) - moving the butt of the tree away from you. In this case, all workers should be on the side opposite to the movement of the tree trunk;
collar - fixing one end of the rope (rope) to the butt of a hung tree and winding the other end with a lever on the trunk of a growing tree;
kondak - rotation of a hung tree around its axis.

Not allowed:

cut down a tree on which a hung tree rests;
cut off the branches on which the tree rests;
sawing blocks from the butt of a hung tree;
knock down a hung tree by felling another tree on it;
cut the roots, butt or stump of a hung tree;
remove a hung tree with a tractor simultaneously with a set of bundles of whips or trees;
remove a hung tree with a gripper or a skidder manipulator.

3.26. In case of selective, gradual, selective sanitary and forest care felling, felling must be carried out in the gaps between the trees.

Trees that interfere with the felling and skidding of branded trees should be cut down.

3.27. When developing windfall and windbreak logging sites, a team of workers, in addition to tools and devices necessary for felling trees and delimbing, must have a portable winch with a rope no less than 35 m long, a rope 10 m long, chokers at the rate of one for each worker, a pole and stops with a metal tip, wedges.

3.28. The development of windfall and windbreak cutting areas is not allowed with a snow depth of more than 30 cm.

3.29. Before the development of windfall-windfall cutting sites, the site for the start of development is selected taking into account the terrain, the safety of operations, the accepted method of skidding and the main direction of the windblow.

3.30. When developing windfall and windbreak cutting areas and burnt areas, as well as during clear sanitary felling, the following requirements must be observed:

fell trees in the direction of the main direction of the windblow, taking into account the terrain, the clutter of the cutting area, the method and means of hauling;
before starting felling trees, remove hanging branches and tops. If it is impossible to remove them when cutting down a tree, workers should be on the side opposite from the hanging branches and tops and, at the command of the observer, move to a safe place;
first of all, to produce a felling of the most dangerous trees and scraps that can fall spontaneously or from a minor blow, a gust of wind;
disassemble blockages of windfall trees with tractors or winches from a distance of at least 35 m;
trees with cracks from the butt to the top, before the start of the felling, tie with five turns of hemp rope or "bandage", after which the felling should be carried out in the usual way;
not allow the felling of an unseparated scrap, the top of which is on the ground, without first checking (with a sixth) the strength of the connection between the scrap and the butt of the tree;
roll high unseparated scrap, the top of which is on the ground, to produce a winch (tractor), and then cut down the standing butt of the trunk;
felling inclined trees with a damaged root system in the direction of their slope;
a tree that has not separated a scrap at a height of more than 1 m from the ground (its broken top part is firmly connected to the butt part), fell it together with the scrap. Before felling such a tree, fasten the rope of the tractor (winch) on its butt, make a notch without going under the broken or hung part of the tree and cut it with a half-cut 2 cm more than normal. To land such trees should be a tractor (winch).

3.31. Before removing hung trees in each specific case, it is necessary to determine the nature of their hovering and the method of landing (rolling). If a hung tree has completely broken off from the butt and rests on the ground, it is removed with a tractor (winch). If the hung tree has a scrap that has not separated from the butt, then the tree is sawn from the side, sawn through with an undercut of 4 - 6 cm, after which the tree is felled by a tractor (winch) towards the notch.

If there are several hung trees, each of them is removed separately.

3.32. In trees that are uprooted and lying on the ground, the trunk is sawn off from the root system after strengthening the root block with a special stop. The first cut is made from above to a depth of at least 1/2 of the diameter, and the second - from below by 2 - 3 cm closer to the butt from the plane of the first cut. After separating the trunk from the root block, the latter is placed by a tractor (winch) in its original position (stump up).

The trunk from the unseparated scrap at a height of up to 1 m is sawn off, as described above. In this case, linings are laid under the tree trunk. It is not allowed to support the barrel with the foot or hand.

3.33. Before heating the trunk from the root block, the feller must determine the possible turns of the stem part; if necessary, to prevent the trunk from turning to the side before sawing, the tree must be firmly fixed to the stumps or standing trees with a choker or rope.

In all cases, when sawing off the trunk, the feller must be on the side opposite to the possible turn of the trunk.

3.34. Trees with a fork at a height of more than 1 m from the ground are felled as one tree at a right angle to the plane passing through the centers of their trunks.

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

4.1. If the engine overheats, stop it and let it cool down. Do not cool the engine with water or snow.

4.2. Felling of the forest should be stopped when a violation of the danger zone is detected, as well as during heavy rain, during a thunderstorm, heavy snowfall, thick fog (visibility on flat terrain is less than 50 m, in mountainous terrain - less than 60 m) and wind speed is more than 11 m / s on flat terrain and 8,5 m/s in mountainous conditions.

4.3. When clamping the saw unit in the groove, turn off the engine and only then release the saw unit.

4.4. If it is necessary to eliminate the malfunction that has arisen during operation and maintenance of the gasoline-powered saw, it is necessary to turn off the engine.

4.5. The victim or eyewitness must notify the foreman or the appropriate work manager of each accident.

4.6. Each worker must be able to provide first aid. Assistance must be provided immediately at the scene of the incident. The first step is to eliminate the source of injury (turn off the engine, stop the mechanism, remove the victim from under the whip, etc.). The provision of assistance should begin with the most significant that threatens the health or life of a person: in case of severe bleeding, apply a tourniquet, and then bandage the wound; if a closed fracture is suspected, apply a splint; with open fractures, you should first bandage the wound, and then apply a splint; for burns, apply a dry bandage; in case of frostbite, gently rub the affected area using soft or fluffy tissues.

If spinal injuries are suspected, the victim can only be transported in the supine position on a rigid base.

After providing first aid, the victim should be sent to the nearest medical facility.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

5.1. Upon completion of work, you should:

clean the motor tool from dirt, sawdust and debris;
remove the saw chain, rinse and put in an oil bath;
wash the carburetor air filter with gasoline and clean the mesh of the air fan of the gasoline-powered saw;
put the petrol-powered saw in the place intended for storage.

5.2. The lumberjack (assistant feller) must clear the dirt and remove the auxiliary felling tool.

5.3. Any deficiencies in the field of labor protection must be reported to the foreman or the relevant work manager.

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