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Instructions for labor protection during electrical measurements and tests

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General provisions

1.1. The instruction on labor protection is a document that establishes requirements for the safe performance of work for employees.

1.2. Knowledge of the Instructions on labor protection is mandatory for all employees.

1.3. The head of the structural unit is obliged to create conditions at the workplace that meet the Labor Protection Rules, provide employees with protective equipment and organize their study of this Instruction.

Each enterprise must develop and communicate to all personnel safe routes through the territory of the enterprise to the place of work and evacuation plans in case of fire and emergency.

1.4. Each employee must:

• comply with the requirements of this Instruction;
• immediately report to your immediate supervisor, and in his absence, to a higher manager about the accident that has occurred and about all violations of the Instructions he has noticed, as well as about malfunctions of structures, equipment and protective devices;
• keep the workplace and equipment clean and tidy;
• ensure the safety of protective equipment, tools, devices, fire extinguishing equipment and documentation on labor protection at their workplace.

1.5. For violation of the requirements of the Instruction, the employee is liable in accordance with applicable law.

1.6. The object of testing (measurements) should be understood as one or several objects of the same type tested (measured) simultaneously by the same test (measurement) means.

1.7. Tests (measurements) of equipment should be understood as tests (measurements) of existing electrical installations in operation, as well as tests (measurements) carried out during installation or repair of equipment.

2. Requirements for personnel

2.1. To carry out measurements and tests of electrical equipment is allowed personnel who have undergone special training and knowledge of the Rules of labor protection (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) by a commission, which includes equipment testing specialists with group V - in electrical installations with a voltage above 1000 Group B and IV - in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V.

2.2. To carry out measurements and tests of electrical equipment, workers are allowed at least 18 years of age who have passed a preliminary medical examination and have no contraindications to the performance of this work.

2.3. An employee undergoes an introductory briefing upon hiring. Before admission to independent work, the employee must pass:

• training in professional training programs;
• initial briefing at the workplace;
• test of knowledge of instructions:
• on labor protection;
• to provide first aid to victims of accidents at work;
• on the use of protective equipment necessary for the safe performance of work; on fire safety.

2.4. For industrial training, the employee must be given a period sufficient to familiarize himself with the equipment, apparatus, operational schemes and at the same time study the regulatory and technical literature necessary for this position.

2.5. Employees who have been instructed and trained in safe working methods, tested their knowledge of the rules and instructions in accordance with their position in relation to the work performed, with the assignment of the appropriate electrical safety group and who do not have medical contraindications, should be allowed to work with electrical measuring instruments.

2.6. Employees combining professions are trained and instructed in full on the rules of labor safety in their main and combined professions (positions).

2.7. Admission to independent work is issued by an appropriate order for the structural unit of the enterprise.

2.8. A newly hired employee is issued a qualification certificate, in which an appropriate entry must be made about checking knowledge of the instructions and rules specified in clause 2.3, and about the right to perform special work.

2.9. The qualification certificate for on-duty personnel during the performance of official duties may be kept by the shop shift supervisor or with him in accordance with local conditions.

2.10. Employees who have not passed the knowledge test within the established time limits are not allowed to work independently.

2.11. The employee in the process of work must pass:

• repeated briefings - at least once a quarter;
• verification of knowledge of the Instructions on labor protection and the current Instructions for providing first aid to victims of accidents at work - once a year;
• medical examination - once every two years;
• checking the knowledge of the Rules for employees who have the right to prepare a workplace, admission, the right to be a foreman, supervisor or team member - once a year.

2.12. Employees who have received an unsatisfactory mark during a qualification test are not allowed to work independently and must undergo a second test no later than one month.

2.13. In case of violation of the Labor Protection Rules, depending on the nature of the violations, an unscheduled briefing or an extraordinary knowledge test is carried out.

2.14. The right to carry out measurements and tests is confirmed by an entry in the line "Certificate for the right to carry out special work" of a certificate of knowledge of the rules and regulations for working in electrical installations.

2.15. The foreman involved in testing electrical equipment, as well as employees who conduct tests alone using stationary test facilities, must undergo a one-month internship under the supervision of an experienced worker.

2.16. In the event of an accident, the employee is obliged to provide first aid to the victim before the arrival of medical personnel. In case of an accident with the employee himself, depending on the severity of the injury, he seeks medical help at a health center or provides first aid (self-help) to himself. The victim or eyewitness must immediately notify their immediate supervisor of each accident or accident.

2.17. Each employee should know the location of the first aid kit and be able to use it.

2.18. An employee participating in the measurement and testing of electrical equipment must work in overalls and use protective equipment issued in accordance with current industry standards.

2.19. The employee must be provided with the following personal protective equipment free of charge:

• overalls or cotton suit - for 1 year;
• combined individual mittens - for 3 months;
• protective helmet - for 2 years;
• dielectric galoshes - on duty;
• dielectric gloves - on duty.

When issuing a double replaceable set of overalls, the wear period is doubled.

Depending on the nature of the work and the conditions of their production, the employee is temporarily given free additional overalls and protective equipment for these conditions.

3. General safety requirements

3.1. Dangerous and harmful production factors arising in the measurement and testing area, as well as a list of regulatory legal acts regulating the permissible values ​​of these factors, are given in Table 1.

Table 1. The list of dangerous (harmful) factors and the name of the documents regulating the permissible values ​​of these factors

3.2. Dangerous and harmful effects on people of electric current, electric arc and electromagnetic fields manifest themselves in the form of electrical injuries and occupational diseases.

3.3. The degree of dangerous and harmful effects on a person of electric current, electric arc and electromagnetic fields depends on:

• kind and magnitude of voltage and current;
• frequency of electric current;
• current paths through the human body;
• the duration of exposure to electric current or electromagnetic field on the human body;
• environmental conditions.

3.4. Electrical safety must be ensured:

• the design of electrical installations, measuring and test benches (IS), devices, instruments;
• technical methods and means of protection;
• organizational and technical measures.

3.5. In existing electrical installations, the following organizational and technical measures should be taken to ensure the safety of work during testing and measurements:

• appointment of persons responsible for the organization and safety of work;
• execution of an order or order for the production of work;
• organization of work supervision;
• registration of the end of work, a break in work, transfers to other types of work, the establishment of a rational regime of work and rest.

Technical methods and means of protection that ensure electrical safety should be installed taking into account:

• rated voltage, type and frequency of current of the electrical installation and measuring (test) voltage of the IC, device, device;
• method of power supply (from a stationary network, an autonomous power supply with electricity);
• neutral mode (midpoint) of the power supply (isolated, grounded neutral);
• type of execution of the test facility (stationary, mobile, portable);
• environmental conditions;
• the possibility of removing voltage from current-carrying parts on which or near which work is to be carried out;
• the nature of the possible contact of the worker with the elements of the current circuit;
• the possibility of approaching current-carrying parts under current or measuring and test voltage at a distance less than permissible, or getting into the current spreading zone;
• types of work.

3.6. In electrical installations, people, mechanisms and hoisting machines are not allowed to approach unprotected live parts under voltage at distances less than those indicated in Table 2.

Table 2. Permissible distances to live parts under voltage

3.7. When conducting electrical measurements and tests under the influence of electromagnetic fields, the time spent by personnel at the workplace is set depending on the level of electric field strength.

3.8. The admissible strength of the undistorted electric field is 5 kV/m. If the electric field strength at the workplace is higher than 5 kV / m (work in the zone of influence of the electric field), it is necessary to use protective equipment.

3.9. Permissible strength (N) or induction (B) of the magnetic field for the conditions of general (on the whole body) and local (on the limbs) impact, depending on the duration of stay in the magnetic field, is determined in accordance with the data in Table 3.

Table 3. Permissible magnetic field levels

Permissible levels of the magnetic field within the time intervals are determined by interpolation.

3.10. If it is necessary for personnel to stay in zones with different magnetic field strengths, the total time for performing work in these zones should not exceed the maximum allowable for the zone with maximum intensity.

3.11. The allowable time spent in the magnetic field can be realized one time or fractionally during the working day. When changing the mode of work and rest (shift work), the maximum permissible level of the magnetic field should not exceed that established for an 8-hour working day.

3.12. Control of the levels of electric and magnetic fields should be carried out at:

• acceptance into operation of new and expansion of existing electrical installations;
• equipment of premises for permanent or temporary stay of personnel located near electrical installations (only for a magnetic field);
• job certifications.

3.13. The levels of electric and magnetic fields should be determined in the entire area where personnel may be in the process of performing work, on routes to work places and equipment inspection sites.

3.14. The safety of electrical measurements and tests must be ensured:

• observance of the established order and organization at each workplace, high production, technological and labor discipline;
• professional selection, training of workers, testing their knowledge and skills of labor safety;
• the use of production facilities that meet the relevant requirements and the comfort of workers;
• equipment of production sites when performing measurements and tests outdoors;
• the use of original blanks, component parts, elements of devices that do not have a dangerous and harmful effect on workers. If it is impossible to fulfill this requirement, measures must be taken to ensure the safety of electrical measurements and tests and the protection of service personnel using measuring and testing instruments (instruments, fixtures, devices) that are not a source of injuries and occupational diseases;
• development of programs and methods of measurements and tests, approved in the prescribed manner;
• the use of reliable and regularly checked instrumentation, emergency protection devices, means of receiving, processing and transmitting information;
• rational organization of the workplace and placement of devices;
• designation of hazardous production areas and works.

3.15. Safety requirements for specific electrical measurements and tests in production must be established by labor protection regulations, taking into account specific conditions and approved in the prescribed manner.

3.16. To avoid electric shock, do not touch or step on broken overhanging wires.

3.17. It is not allowed to clutter up approaches to shields with fire-fighting equipment and to fire hydrants, as well as to use fire-fighting equipment for other purposes.

3.18. The safety of workers must be ensured in the event of a fire anywhere in the facility during tests and measurements.

3.19. To ensure the safety of work, the use of rational modes of work and rest should be provided in order to prevent monotony, hypodynamics, excessive physical and neuropsychic overload.

4. Safety requirements before starting work

4.1. Requirements for the organization and preparation of tests and measurements

4.1.1. Measurements and tests should be carried out according to programs and methods, specifications of manufacturers or product standards.

Measurements and tests of electrical equipment or electrical installations newly put into operation are carried out in accordance with the standards provided for by the current Rules for the Installation of Electrical Installations (PUE), the requirements of manufacturing organizations, the requirements of standards, and measurements and tests of existing electrical installations and electrical equipment - in the scope of the requirements of the rules and regulations their operation.

Test installations (electrical laboratories) must be registered with the State Energy Supervision Authorities.

4.1.2. Permission to carry out measurements and tests of existing electrical installations must be issued in accordance with the current Labor Protection Rules.

Measurements and tests carried out on the IS according to programs and methods are carried out without issuing any order, outside of them - by order of the head of measurements or tests.

The order is recorded in a special journal.

4.1.3. Tests and measurements in existing electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V are carried out in parallel.

Tests and measurements of electric motors and various stand-alone single equipment with a voltage above 1000 V, from which the current-carrying parts (feeding cables, busbars) are disconnected and grounded, can be performed by order.

4.1.4. Admission on orders or orders for measurements and tests is made only after the removal from the workplace of other teams working on the equipment to be tested or measured, and the delivery of orders or notification of the completion of work by order.

4.1.5. The teams conducting tests or measurements may include workers from among the repair personnel with an electrical safety group of at least II to perform preparatory work, protect the equipment under test, as well as to disconnect and connect tires, cable cores, wires. The repair personnel included in the team, before the start of testing or measurements, must be instructed by the manufacturer of the work on safety measures during testing or measurements.

The team that installs or repairs equipment for testing and (or) measurements may include employees from among the personnel of adjustment organizations or electrical laboratories. In this case, the tests and (or) measurements are supervised by the foreman or, at his direction, by a senior employee with an electrical safety group of at least IV from among the personnel of the electrical laboratory or commissioning organization.

4.1.6. Preparation of the object and measuring instruments for testing or measurements should be carried out in the absence of voltage and residual charge on them.

The operating voltage and residual charge must also be removed from other objects (other parts of the test and measurement objects), if touching or approaching them is not excluded, or these objects must be protected during the preparation and testing.

4.1.7. Assembly and disassembly of test and (or) measuring circuits should be carried out in the absence of a test object and (or) measurement or a part thereof and on means of measuring and (or) testing voltage and residual charge.

4.1.8. The assembly of the test (measurement) circuit of the equipment is carried out by the personnel of the team conducting the tests (measurements). In this case, it is necessary to carry out protective and working grounding of the test or measuring installation and, if necessary, protective grounding of the body of the equipment under test. When connecting a test or measuring setup to a 380/220 V mains, a ground must be installed on the high voltage terminal of the setup. The cross section of the copper grounding conductor must be at least 4 mm2.

The body of the mobile test unit shall be earthed with a separate earth conductor made of flexible copper wire with a cross section of at least 10 mm2. Before testing, check the reliability of the chassis grounding.

4.1.9. Groundings imposed in the electrical installation and interfering with testing or measurements should be removed and reapplied only at the direction of the head of testing or measurements.

4.1.10. The connecting wire between the equipment under test and the test set must first be connected to its earthed high voltage terminal. This wire should be fixed in such a way as to avoid approaching (lashing) to live parts under voltage at a distance less than indicated in Table 2.

It is allowed to connect the connecting wire to the phase, pole of the equipment under test or to the cable core and disconnect it at the direction of the test manager and only after they are grounded, which must be done by turning on the grounding knives or installing portable grounding.

4.1.11. The place of testing or measurement should be fenced off. The fencing is carried out by the personnel of the testing or measurement team. Shields, barriers, ropes with posters hanging on them "Tests. Dangerous for life!" Can be used as fences.

When the object of testing (measurements) and the test (measuring) installation are located in different rooms or places (sections), along with the fences, guards are set up from one or more instructed employees from the personnel conducting the tests (measurements), with an electrical safety group of at least II, placed outside the fences. These workers can leave the post only at the direction of the head of the testing (measurement) work.

4.1.12. The distances between temporary fences made of insulating materials and current-carrying parts of existing electrical installations that are not the object of testing must be at least as indicated below at the rated value of the operating voltage:

• from 1 to 15 kV.0,35 m;
• over 15 to 35 kV.1 m;
• over 35 to 110 kV.1,5 m;
• over 154 sq. 2 m;
• over 220 kV.2,5 m.

4.1.13. To monitor the state of the test (measurement) circuits or the test (measurement) object when they are in different rooms or places (sections), if necessary, in a room separately from the head of the testing (measurement) work or the work foreman, it is allowed, according to the working conditions, to remain one employee from the brigade, having an electrical safety group not lower than III. The employee must receive the necessary instructions from the supervisor (manufacturer) of the work.

4.1.14. Safety signs (posters) with explanatory inscriptions should be hung on the fences, as well as at the locations of parts of the test objects (measurements). Remove safety signs and barriers only after removing the test (measuring) load and residual charge.

4.1.15. Before working with the device or installation for testing or measurement, you should study the marking in terms of safety:

• the value of the test (measuring) voltage;
• type of current;
• number of phases;
• nominal value of the network frequency (when powered from the network);
• touch hazard (symbol);
• earth clamp etc.

4.2. Requirements for production facilities

4.2.1. The premises intended for testing and measurements must meet the requirements of sanitary standards and fire safety and provide the possibility of evacuating personnel in case of fires and accidents.

4.2.2. Illumination in industrial premises should be at least:

• scales of measuring instruments (tests) - 150 lx;
• switching devices of measuring instruments (tests) - 100 lx;
• objects of measurements (tests) - 50 lx.

4.2.3. Premises for testing (measurements) must have:

• drains (if the tests are carried out using running water);
• oil drains (if oil-filled equipment is tested);
• emergency lighting or self-powered portable lamps;
• fire-fighting equipment;
• first aid supplies for the injured.

4.3. Requirements for production sites for processes performed outside the production premises

4.3.1. Work, installation and other sites where electrical measuring and testing work is carried out outside the production premises must comply with the requirements of the current building codes and regulations, rules and regulations approved by state supervision bodies, process design standards.

4.3.2. It is allowed to carry out tests and measurements outdoors during thunderstorms, fog or precipitation, if the impact of the mentioned factors is provided for by the test program.

4.4. Requirements for raw materials, blanks and semi-finished products

4.4.1. When using new starting materials during electrical measurements and testing, as well as in the formation of intermediate substances that have hazardous and harmful production factors, workers must be informed in advance about the rules of safe behavior, trained to work in these conditions and provided with appropriate protective equipment.

4.5. Requirements for production equipment (testing and measuring instruments)

4.5.1. The scope of equipment of electrical installations with control systems, technical means for measuring and accounting for electrical energy must comply with the requirements of regulatory enactments and ensure control over the technical condition of the equipment.

4.5.2. Instruments, tools, fixtures used during work must be verified and tested in accordance with applicable standards and terms.

4.5.3. Metal current-carrying parts of test and measurement means of test objects (measurements) that are accessible to touch should be grounded for the duration of the test, if not possible, fenced off.

4.5.4. Test benches intended for testing and measuring products capable of accumulating an electric charge or having charging elements should be equipped with discharge devices.

4.5.5. Test (measuring) benches intended for testing (measuring) the dielectric strength of the insulation must have devices for automatically removing the charge from the test object in the event of a breakdown of its insulation and limiting (if necessary) the short-circuit current in the test circuit.

In the process of testing (measuring) the dielectric strength of the insulation by the voltage induced in the test (measurement) object, it is allowed to remove the voltage from it manually during insulation breakdown.

4.5.6. The blocking of the IC must be arranged in such a way that when the door is opened, the voltage from the test (measuring) load source (from connection points) and from the test (measurement) object is completely removed, and when the doors are open, the voltage supply to the test (measuring) load source (point connection) and on the test object (measurements) was impossible.

4.5.7. Wires intended for assembling test, measuring circuits must be equipped with lugs and markings corresponding to the designations in the diagrams.

Without lugs and marking, it is allowed to use connecting wires from the terminals of the source of the test (measuring) load or the point of connection to the terminals of the test object.

4.5.8. When laying wires under different voltages together, the insulation of each of them must be selected according to the highest of the voltages. If such a choice of insulation is impractical, then the wires should be laid in separate groups for each of the voltage values.

4.5.9. The values ​​of the electrical air gap and creepage distance of electrical devices must comply with the values ​​established in the standards or specifications for these devices.

4.5.10. Before starting the measurement (test), you should make sure that the clamp for grounding is in good condition and suitable (no corrosion, oxide film, varnish layer, paint).

4.5.11. Do not electrically connect with a bolt (screw, stud) for grounding:

• devices, devices, parts of complete low-voltage devices to be grounded and installed on grounded metal structures, if their supporting surfaces are provided with cleaned and unpainted, corrosion-protected places to ensure electrical contact;
• devices, if bolted connections guarantee the electrical connection of conductive parts with an electrical resistance value of not more than 0,10 Ohm relative to the elements for grounding;
• elements of fastening of devices;
• cases of electrical measuring instruments, removable and opening parts of instruments.

4.5.12. The electrical resistance measured between the bolt (screw, stud) for grounding the device and any of its metal parts to be grounded must not exceed 0,10 Ohm. For grounding, flexible wires, sliding contacts or loops with a protected conductive coating are used.

4.5.13. When tightening or loosening the screws, there must be no movement of the fixed bare wires or loosening of the clamps.

When tightening the screw, bare wire sections must not slip out from under the clamp.

4.5.14. Positional designations must be carried out for permanently installed devices. Symbols and inscriptions must be made in a way that ensures their safety. Positional designations must be placed near the devices on the mounting side.

4.5.15. All means of electrical measurements (tests) must be operated under conditions that meet the requirements of the EMP and the instructions of manufacturers for these tools.

Electricity metering devices must function reliably at temperatures from -15 to +25°C.

For metering devices that do not meet these requirements, as well as in the case of lower temperatures, their heating should be provided.

4.5.16. During prolonged loading or overloading, the accessible parts of the device must not reach a temperature that is dangerous for the operating personnel when they are touched.

The temperature of these parts must not exceed the ambient temperature by more than: 25°C for metal parts, 35°C for parts made of other materials.

4.5.17. Measuring instruments (test tools) when working under conditions of continuous load or overload should not have deformations that violate the safety of working with them.

4.5.18. If it is necessary to use hoisting equipment during testing or measurements, the places for connecting hoisting equipment and the mass to be lifted must be indicated. The points of connection of lifting means must be chosen taking into account the center of gravity of the equipment (its part) so as to exclude the possibility of damage to the equipment during lifting and moving and provide a convenient approach to them.

4.5.19. Means of testing (measurement) and objects that can be destroyed during testing (measurement) and become a source of danger for workers must be placed in casings.

4.5.20. The design of semiconductor power converters should provide the ability to safely check the presence or absence of voltage with a voltage indicator.

Converter cabinet doors must be equipped with interlocks that prevent opening the doors when the converters are turned on and turning them on when the cabinet doors are open. In technically justified cases, the use of internal clamps that can be opened with special keys is allowed.

A sign with the safety sign "Caution! Electrical voltage" must be attached to the door of the converter cabinet.

4.5.21. For oil transformers, the oil ejection zone should not cover the locations of devices that require maintenance during operation.

4.5.22. When measuring (testing) the electrical resistance of the insulation of bearings on turbogenerators, hydrogenerators, synchronous compensators, a megohmmeter with a voltage of 1000 V must be connected to special structural elements.

4.5.23. Elements of the design of equipment, measuring instruments (tests) should not have sharp corners, edges, burrs and uneven surfaces that pose a risk of injury to workers, if their presence is not determined by the functional purpose of these elements.

4.5.24. Equipment, measuring instruments (tests) must be designed in such a way that exposure to harmful radiation to operating personnel is excluded or limited to safe levels.

When using laser devices, unintentional radiation must be excluded, laser devices must be shielded so that there is no danger to the health of workers.

4.5.25. Measuring instruments (tests) and equipment must be designed in such a way that the possibility of accumulating static electricity charges exceeding the permissible level is excluded, and the possibility of fire and explosion is excluded.

4.5.26. Periodic inspection and preventive maintenance of test or measurement tools and metering of electrical energy, supervision of their condition, inspection, repair and testing should be organized in each organization and carried out by the metrological service in accordance with state standards.

4.6. Requirements for the placement of production equipment and organization of jobs

4.6.1. Installation and location of stationary means of electrical testing (measurements) and electricity meters must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the PUE.

4.6.2. Mobile ICs with parts energized up to 1000 V and above 1000 V must be located in different rooms or compartments of the IC. Rooms or compartments must be separated by a door with interlock or alarm.

4.6.3. The object of testing (measurements) must be in direct line of sight from the IS control panel.

Otherwise, between the personnel working on the console and the test object (measurements), a telephone connection or an audible alarm should be established.

4.6.4. Workplaces of personnel servicing mobile ICs with rooms (compartments) must be equipped with a voltage supply of up to 1000 V in the room (compartment) where parts of the test (measurement) tools are installed.

4.6.5. When conducting tests (measurements) outside the IS around the objects and means of testing (measurements), temporary fences and grounding should be installed in the absence of permanent ones. Temporary fences must be installed during tests (measurements) on the IS in cases where the program or test (measurement) methodology, the operation manual for the stands or the labor protection instruction provide for the presence of personnel on the test (measuring) field after applying the test (measuring) load.

4.6.6. If there are several connection points in the IC, voltage relief from all connection points must be provided by switching disconnecting devices controlled by one command pulse.

4.6.7. In stationary ICs, it is allowed to use two switching devices connected in series without a visible break in the presence of a light signaling indicating the off state of both devices.

The switching device in the power supply circuit of the stand for the duration of the tests (measurements) must be placed at the test (measurement) control site.

4.6.8. There must be a device with a visible break in the power circuit of the IC or in the circuit of the connection point.

4.6.9. If necessary, wires should be distinguished according to the functional purpose of the circuits in which they are used, and different colors of insulation should be used:

• red (orange, pink) - for AC measurement wires;
• blue (violet) - for DC measurement wires;
• green-yellow two-color (green) - for wires and tires in ground circuits;
• blue (gray, white) - for wires and tires connected to the zero and neutral wires and not intended for grounding.

Colors outside brackets are preferred.

4.6.10. Wires and busbars must be laid in such a way that free access to the devices and their clamps is provided. Their laying can be carried out from the front or back side of panels and blocks.

4.6.11. The insulation of the cable cores must have a distinctive color or numerical designation. The insulation of the ground conductor must differ from the other conductors in color.

4.6.12. To exclude the possibility of electrical overlap from objects to equipment, objects and means of testing (measurements) should be fenced off. Alarms may be used instead of fences.

4.6.13. Metal fences of test (measuring) fields must be grounded.

4.6.14. The height of permanent fences must be at least 1,7 m. Doors in permanent fences must open outward or slide apart.

Door locks must be self-locking and open from the inside without a key (handle). A light panel is installed next to the door, indicating the presence of voltage on the test (measuring) field.

4.6.15. The height of temporary fences, made in the form of rigid shields, screens, etc., must be at least 1,8 m.

4.6.16. The distances from the current-carrying parts of the means and test objects (measurements) to temporary fences made in the form of solid rigid shields made of insulating materials, as well as walls made of insulating materials, must be twice as large as those given in clause 4.1.12.

When using ropes (tapes) made of insulating material as temporary fencing, the above distances must be three times greater than those given in the previous paragraph, but not less than 1 m.

These requirements do not apply to temporary fencing of current-carrying parts of existing electrical installations that are not the object of testing (measurements) and are under operating voltage during testing.

4.6.17. The wire connecting the source of the test (measuring) load with the object of testing (measurements) must be fixed in such a way that it excludes the possibility of its approaching the current-carrying parts under operating voltage. Such distances shall not be less than those specified below at the rated operating voltage:

• from 1 to 15 kV inclusive - 0,7 m;
• over 15 to 35 kV inclusive - 1,0 m;
• over 35 to 110 kV inclusive - 1,5 m;
• over 154 kV - 2,0 m;
• over 220 kV - 2,5 m.

4.6.18. Distances from current-carrying parts of objects and test (measurement) means to permanent grounded fences and other grounded elements must not be less than the following:

at test voltages (impulse maximum value):

• from 1 to 100 kV - 0,50 m;
• over 100 to 150 kV - 0,75 m;
• over 150 to 400 kV - 1,00 m;
• over 400 to 600 kV - 1,50 m;
• over 600 to 1 kV - 000 m;
• over 1000 to 1 kV - 500 m;
• over 1500 to 2 kV - 000 m;
• over 2000 to 2 kV - 500 m;

at test voltages of industrial frequency (effective value) and direct current:

• from 1 to 6 kV - 0,17 m;
• over 6 to 10 kV - 0,23 m;
• over 10 to 20 kV - 0,30 m;
• over 20 to 50 kV - 0,50 m;
• over 50 to 100 kV - 1,00 m;
• over 100 to 250 kV - 1,50 m;
• over 250 to 400 kV - 2,50 m;
• over 400 to 800 kV - 4,00 m.

4.6.19. When organizing a workplace, the safe movement of the employee (as well as unauthorized persons), their quick evacuation in emergency cases, as well as the shortest approach to the workplace should be ensured.

Jobs should be created taking into account the requirements necessary for the free and safe performance of labor operations, taking into account the size of the instruments, tools and fixtures used.

4.6.20. The dimensions of the workplace and the placement of its elements should ensure the performance of work operations in comfortable positions and not impede the movements of workers.

If the location of the workplace makes it necessary to move and (or) find the employee above the floor level, platforms, stairs, railings and other devices should be provided, the dimensions and design of which should exclude the possibility of workers falling and ensure convenient and safe performance of labor operations.

4.6.21. If it is necessary to place individual parts of the test (measurement) means above the places of passage of people, these parts must have permanent fences below, located at a height of at least 2,5 m.

During tests (measurements) outside the IS, such fences can be temporary.

4.6.22. To ensure a convenient, as close as possible approach to the table, machine, machine, space should be provided for placing the feet of workers with a size of at least 150 mm in depth, 150 mm in height and 530 mm in width.

4.6.23. Emergency controls should be located within reach of workers. It is necessary to provide special means of identification and prevention of their involuntary or spontaneous activation.

4.6.24. The scale of each measuring device must be at a height from the floor level:

• when working standing - from 1000 to 1800 mm;
• when working sitting - from 700 to 1400 mm.

4.6.25. When working while standing at the workplace, a straight and free position of the body of the worker's body or its inclination forward by no more than 15 ° should be ensured. Ensuring the optimal position of the worker should be ensured:

• regulation of the height of the working surface;
• footrests with non-adjustable height of the working surface.

4.6.26. When working while sitting at the workplace, the anthropological indicators of the worker should be taken into account and the optimal position of the body should be ensured, which is achieved by regulating:

• height of work surface, seat and legroom;
• seat height and footrest.

If it is impossible to adjust the height of the working surface and the footrest, it is allowed to design and manufacture equipment with non-adjustable parameters of the workplace, ensuring the optimal position of the worker's body.

4.6.27. The location of instruments, fixtures and devices should provide:

• convenience and safety of service;
• convenience of observations;
• ease of installation, as well as connection of external connections;
• exclusion of the possibility of mutual influence (transfer of an electric arc; transmission of mechanical shocks that cause false alarms and misalignment of devices; mutual inductance, etc.);
• access to contact connections;
• ease of repair and replacement of wearing parts.

4.6.28. When working with two hands, the controls are placed in such a way as to prevent crossing of the hands.

4.6.29. The average height of the information display means should correspond to the following values:

• for women. 1320 mm
• for men. 1410 mm
• for woman and man. 1365 mm

4.6.30. In preparation for work:

For pointer indicators, the angle of deviation from the normal line of sight is not more than 25 °.

4.6.31. Test (measuring) benches must be equipped with test (measuring) circuit diagrams.

4.6.32. Fuses or circuit breakers must be installed in the electrical circuits of the IC power supply circuits connected to 380/220 V networks.

4.6.33. For the safety of work, it is not allowed to use switching devices without marking the phases (poles) of power sources.

4.6.34. Test (measuring) stands must have a device for giving a sound signal.

Operation without a sound signal is allowed if the signal given from the place of control of tests (measurements) by voice (gesture) is heard (visible) at the workplaces of the personnel participating in the tests (measurements).

4.6.35. The light signaling in the power supply circuit of the IC must be designed so that when two consecutive switching devices are turned on without a visible break (in the presence of a light signal), the red lamps are lit, and when they are turned off, they are green.

4.6.36. When carrying out tests (measurements) using non-contact portable measuring instruments, the distance between the current-carrying parts of the test object and other energized objects and the ground (grounded structures) should exclude the possibility of electrical breakdown.

4.6.37. Connections of devices installed on opening parts to devices installed on fixed parts must be made with a flexible wire.

4.6.38. When attaching flexible cords of devices at the connection points, their tension and twisting should be excluded.

4.6.39. Measuring and signaling devices on the cabinets of complete transformer substations (KTP) should be located on the front side. The devices installed on the transformer and on the cabinets must be located so that their readings can be monitored from the front side of the transformer substation.

4.6.40. The devices used in the PTS must be selected and installed so that the forces caused by normal conditions of their operation, heating, electric arc or sparks and gases or oil emitted from the device could not cause harm to the operating personnel.

4.7. Requirements for the methods of storage and transportation of raw materials, blanks, semi-finished products, finished products and production waste

4.7.1. Instruments, fixtures, devices intended for electrical measurements (tests) must be stored in specially designated rooms (places) and recorded in a special journal.

4.7.2. Movement of devices, devices weighing more than 20 kg should be carried out using lifting and transport devices and mechanization. The maximum allowable load for women should not exceed 10 kg when alternating with other work.

4.7.3. For carrying out loading and unloading operations, transportation of instruments, devices, electric forklifts, electric hoists, overhead cranes, electric cars, and motor vehicles can be used.

4.7.4. Drivers of mechanisms and hoisting machines when working in electrical installations must have an electrical safety group of at least II, and slingers - group I.

4.7.5. When transporting instruments, devices for conducting electrical measurements (tests) on trolleys or electric cars, conditions should be provided that exclude the possibility of chips and other mechanical damage to the goods being transported.

4.7.6. Transportation of harmful and flammable substances should be carried out in a safe container on special carts.

4.8. Requirements for protective equipment

4.8.1. Electrical protective equipment includes devices and devices for ensuring labor safety during testing and measurements in electrical installations. These include voltage indicators for checking phase coincidence, cable puncture devices, devices for determining the voltage difference in transit, cable damage indicators, insulating measuring rods, electrical measuring rods, electrical clamps, etc. Protective equipment used during testing and measurement must comply with the requirements of the relevant state standards and the requirements of the Rules for the use and testing of protective equipment used in electrical installations.

4.8.2. Responsibility for the timely provision of personnel and the acquisition of electrical installations with tested protective equipment, the organization of proper storage, accounting, periodic testing, the removal of unsuitable funds are borne by the head of the workshop, service, substation, network section, the foreman of the section in charge of electrical installations or workplaces, and in general organization - chief engineer or responsible for electrical facilities.

4.8.3. If the purpose of the equipment and measuring instruments (tests) and the conditions of their operation cannot exclude the contact of the worker with supercooled, hot parts, the measurement of electromagnetic fields above the maximum permissible levels, personal protective equipment should be used.

4.8.4. Employees who have received protective equipment for individual use are responsible for their proper operation and timely rejection.

4.8.5. The design of protective equipment should provide the ability to control the fulfillment of their purpose before and during use.

Protective equipment must fulfill its purpose continuously during the operation of the equipment and measuring instruments and in the event of a dangerous situation. The action of protective equipment should not stop before the end of the action of the relevant hazardous or harmful production factors.

4.8.6. When using electrical protective equipment during testing (measurement), it is not allowed to touch the working and insulating parts behind the restrictive ring or stop.

4.8.7. The minimum dimensions of rods for earthing installations in laboratory and test facilities should be:

• insulating part of the rod - at least 700 mm;
• handles - 300 mm.

5. Safety requirements during work

5.1. Tests of electrical equipment with an overvoltage supply from an external source

5.2. Work with electrical clamps, measuring rods and voltage indicators

5.3. Working with a pulse line meter

5.4. Working with a megaohmmeter

5.5. Work with electricity meters and measuring instruments

5.6. Works on measuring the electric field strength

5.1. Tests of electrical equipment with an overvoltage supply from an external source

5.1.1. To ensure protection against damage in case of accidental contact with the current-carrying parts of an operating electrical installation or parts under measuring or test voltage, the following methods and means of protection are necessary:

• protective shells;
• protective fences (temporary or stationary);
• safe location of live parts;
• low voltage;
• protective shutdown;
• insulation of current-carrying parts (working, during tests and measurements, additional, reinforced, double);
• workplace isolation;
• warning signaling, blocking, safety signs.

5.1.2. To ensure the safety of work during measurements and tests with voltage relief in an electrical installation, the following should be performed:

• disconnection of the electrical installation (part of the installation) from the power source;
• mechanical locking of drives of switching devices;
• removal of fuses;
• disconnection of the ends of the supply lines and other measures that exclude the possibility of erroneous voltage supply to the workplace;
• voltage absence check;
• grounding of disconnected current-carrying parts (imposition of portable grounding, switching on of grounding knives);
• fencing of the workplace or current-carrying parts remaining energized, which can be touched or approached at an unacceptable distance during work;
• Prohibiting posters must be posted on the manual drives and on the remote control keys of the switching equipment.

5.1.3. To provide protection against electric shock when touching non-current-carrying metal parts that may become energized as a result of insulation damage, the following methods are used:

• protective grounding;
• zeroing;
• equalization, equalization of potentials;
• protective wire system;
• protective shutdown;
• insulation of non-current-carrying parts;
• electrical separation of the network;
• low (no more than 25 V) voltage;
• isolation control;
• compensation of earth fault currents;
• individual protection means.

Technical methods and means of protection are used separately or in combination to provide optimal protection.

5.1.4. Safety requirements for specific types of measurements and tests are determined by:

• the stage of product existence (manufacturing, installation, operation, repair);
• placement of the measurement and test object (including on the IS or outside it);
• the presence or absence of the need to contact the test equipment and (or) measuring instruments with the object of measurement or testing (see clauses 1.6, 1.7).

5.1.5. When conducting electrical measurements and tests, direct contact of the worker with units and elements that have a dangerous and harmful effect should be eliminated.

5.1.6. The maximum allowable values ​​of contact voltages and currents during emergency operation of industrial electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V with a solidly grounded or isolated neutral and above 1000 V with an isolated neutral should not exceed the values ​​given in Table 4.

Table 4. Maximum allowable values ​​for contact voltages and currents

Note. The maximum permissible values ​​of contact voltages and currents flowing through the human body, with an exposure duration of more than 1 s, correspond to releasing (alternating) and non-painful (direct) currents.

5.1.7. The safety of carrying out measuring and testing work must be ensured by protection from possible negative effects of natural nature and weather conditions.

5.1.8. Dangerous zones on the territory of the organization, in industrial buildings and structures, at work sites, workplaces, must be marked with appropriate safety signs.

5.1.9. Each employee, if he himself cannot take measures to eliminate violations of the requirements of this Standard Instruction, is obliged to immediately inform his immediate, and in his absence - to a higher manager about all violations, malfunctions of equipment used in the operation of mechanisms, devices, devices, tools and protective equipment that poses a risk to workers.

5.1.10. In case of accidents with people, the removal of voltage to free the victim from the effects of electric current must be carried out immediately without prior authorization.

5.1.11. When carrying out tests (measurements), the connection of measuring instruments, as well as the installation and removal of electricity meters for their verification, are carried out after the voltage is removed.

5.1.12. Connection and disconnection of test and measurement tools on test (measurement) objects with moving parts must be performed after a complete stop of these parts. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent the unintended start-up of such objects during the execution of connections.

5.1.13. Cables and cable accessories of measuring and test circuits, which are subject to fire safety requirements, must meet the requirement of non-flame propagation.

The design and characteristics of shells, screens and armor of cables, wires and other materials and means used in the work must ensure electrical and fire safety of operation under normal and emergency operating modes.

5.1.14. The air gaps between the current-carrying parts of the test object (measurements) under test or measuring voltage, and the current-carrying parts of the same object under operating voltage, must be at least the following at the rated value of the operating voltage:

• 6 kV - 0,125 m;
• 10 kV - 0,150 m;
• 15 kV - 0,200 m;
• 20 kV - 0,250 m;
• 35 kV - 0,500 m.

5.1.15. If there are factors that reduce the insulation strength of test or measurement equipment (ionization, high temperature, humidity, soot, dust, conductive arc extinguishing products, etc.), creepage distances and electrical clearances should be selected in such a way as to ensure the safety of personnel.

5.1.16. Connecting the connecting wire to the equipment being tested (measured) or to the cable (bus, wire, etc.) and disconnecting it should be done only after they are grounded and as directed by the employee in charge of the test (measurement).

5.1.17. The supervisor (manufacturer) of work before measuring or testing is obliged to check the correct assembly of the circuit and the reliability of workers and protective grounding.

5.1.18. Connection of the testing or measuring installation to the 380/220 V mains should be carried out through a switching device that provides a visible break in the circuit, or through a plug connector installed at the installation control point.

5.1.19. Before each switching on of the test (measuring) installation, the work manager (manufacturer) is obliged to:

• check the whereabouts of each member of the brigade;
• remove strangers;
• warn all members of the brigade about the voltage supply with the words: "I apply voltage";
• make sure that the warning is heard by all members of the team;
• remove the ground from the output of the test setup and apply 380/220 V to it.

When applying the test voltage, the operator must stand on an insulating mat.

From the moment the voltage is applied, it is not allowed to make any reconnections on the test (measuring) circuit and the equipment under test.

5.1.20. Tests (measurements) can only be started after making sure that there are no people working on that part of the electrical installation to which the test (measuring) device is to be connected. Before starting tests or measurements, it is necessary to prohibit persons near the test (measuring) device from touching its live parts or parts under the test (measuring) voltage of the electrical installation, and, if necessary, to set guards.

5.1.21. The test (measuring) voltage should be applied to the test (measurement) object after the removal of personnel from the test (measuring) field (with the exception of the one prescribed in clause 4.1.11) and prior notification with an audible signal.

Any personnel is not allowed to be on the tested equipment (measurement object) during the tests (measurements).

5.1.22. The personnel on the test (measuring) field after applying the test (measuring) load must be continuously monitored.

5.1.23. During the period of testing (measurements) on equipment, electrical installations under test (measuring) voltage, it is not allowed to carry out repair, installation and adjustment work on them.

5.1.24. In accordance with the requirements of electrical safety, personnel working with portable measuring instruments (tests) at height must be continuously monitored from the ground (floor).

5.1.25. Short-term electrical contact of measuring instruments (tests) with the object of testing (measurements) should be carried out with flexible wires ending in probes.

5.1.26. Tests (measurements) of the line insulation, which can be powered from both sides, can only be carried out after a message has been received from the responsible person of the electrical installation connected to the other end of this line by telephone (personal) that the switching equipment (line disconnectors, switch) are turned off and a poster "Do not turn it on! People are working" is posted.

5.1.27. When testing a cable line (CL), if its opposite end is located in a locked chamber, a compartment of a complete switchgear (KRU) or indoors, a warning poster "Test. Dangerous to life!" If the doors and fences are not locked or a line under repair with cable cores cut on the route is being tested, in addition to hanging posters at the doors, fences and cut cable cores, security should be posted from members of the brigade with group II, or on duty personnel.

5.1.28. Cables should be tested or burned from the side of points with grounding devices.

5.1.29. Upon completion of the tests, the manufacturer of works is obliged to: reduce the voltage of the test (measuring) installation to zero;

• disconnect the unit from its supply network;
• ground the output of the installation and report this to the team with the words: "The voltage is off."

Only after that it is allowed to reconnect the wires or, in the event of a complete end of the test, disconnect them from the test facility and remove the guards.

When working on cable lines and overhead lines (VL) of power transmission, it is allowed to remove fences and posters only after making sure that there is no charge at all.

5.1.30. Removing voltage and residual charge from the tested object and measuring instruments and preventing the appearance of voltage on them must be ensured:

• disconnection of power sources (external and internal);
• discharge of charging elements (filters, storage tanks, etc.);
• grounding of terminals and other current-carrying parts accessible to touch;
• blocking.

After testing equipment with a significant capacity (cables, generators), the residual charge must be removed with a special discharge rod.

5.1.31. Mass tests (measurements) of protective equipment, insulating parts, etc., which are carried out outside existing electrical installations using stands, in which current-carrying parts are closed with a solid or mesh fence, and the doors are equipped with a lock, can be performed by an employee with an electrical safety group of at least III alone in the order of current operation.

5.2. Work with electrical clamps, measuring rods and voltage indicators

5.2.1. In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, work with electrical clamps must be carried out by two workers: one with group IV (from among the operating personnel), the other with group III (maybe from among the repair personnel). When measuring, dielectric gloves should be used. It is not allowed to lean towards the device to take readings.

5.2.2. In electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V, one worker with group III is allowed to work with electrical clamps without using dielectric gloves.

5.2.3. It is not allowed to work with electrical clamps while on the overhead line support.

5.2.4. When measuring in cells, workers must take measures to prevent approaching live parts at distances less than those indicated in Table 2, and the operator’s touch with metal structures, and the connecting wire - with live parts and grounded structures. The wire must be at least 0,7 m away from the operator.

5.2.5. When working with clamps for measurements in circuits with voltages above 1000 V, it is not allowed to use remote devices, switch measurement limits without removing the clamps from current-carrying parts. Ticks during measurements should be kept on weight.

5.2.6. Work with insulating clamps for a voltage of more than 1 kV should be carried out in dry weather. It is not allowed to work in fog, snowfall and rain.

5.2.7. Pincers for voltages below 1 kV during operation must be kept at arm's length, away from live parts. Pincers for voltages above 1 kV should be held only by the handle. Touching the insulating part of the pliers is not allowed.

5.2.8. Work with measuring rods must be carried out by at least two workers: one with group IV, the rest with group III.

Climbing a structure or a telescopic tower, as well as descending from it, should be done without a rod.

The work must be carried out side by side, even with single measurements using support structures or telescopic towers. Work with the bar is allowed without the use of dielectric gloves.

5.2.9. The serviceability of the voltage indicator before starting work must be checked using a special device (for example, type PPU-2) or by touching the contact electrode to live parts that are obviously energized.

It is not allowed to check the serviceability of the indicators on the candle of the car.

It is not allowed to use "control" lamps to check the absence of voltage.

5.2.10. The serviceability of voltage indicators for checking the coincidence of phases must be checked at the workplace by connecting the indicator to earth and phase or two phases. The signal lamp of a serviceable pointer should glow brightly.

5.2.11. The operation of the voltage indicator for checking the coincidence of phases is ensured only when it is connected to a two-pole electrical installation.

The use of dielectric gloves when using such indicators is mandatory.

5.2.12. In order to avoid incorrect readings, when using single-pole voltage indicators up to 1000 V, dielectric gloves should not be used.

5.2.13. It is not allowed to use a voltage indicator if the sealing of the working part is broken.

5.2.14. When working with voltage indicators, they should be held by the handle within the restrictive ring. In outdoor installations, the voltage indicator can only be used in dry weather. In wet weather, signs of a special design should be used.

5.2.15. When checking the presence or absence of voltage, the pointers should not be grounded. The exception is UVN-10 type indicators used on overhead lines (except for metal ones) or telescopic towers. In this case, the working part of the pointers must be grounded (except when working from metal supports), regardless of the presence of a grounding descent on the support and the grounding of the telescopic tower chassis. Grounding of the working part should be carried out with a flexible copper wire with a cross section of 4 mm2. The grounding conductor should be connected to a pin buried in the ground to a depth of at least 0,5 m.

It is allowed to connect the ground wire to a grounded portable grounding descent of the overhead line wires and to the grounding descent of the overhead line supports. When checking the absence of voltage and applying protective grounding, do not touch the grounding descent or wire and the ground electrode.

5.2.16. When working with a voltage indicator of a pulsed type, a pulsed flash of the lamp occurs after 1-2 s (after the capacitor is charged to the lamp indication voltage).

The duration of the pointer touching the checked section of the current-carrying part (in the absence of a signal) is at least 10 s.

5.2.17. In electrical installations for a certain voltage, the indication element should not work from the influence of neighboring circuits of the same voltage.

5.2.18. When using voltage signaling devices placed in a jacket pocket, on a helmet, it should be remembered that the absence of a signal is not a sign of a lack of voltage. The function of the signaling device should be checked in accordance with the operating instructions.

5.3. Working with a pulse line meter

5.3.1. It is allowed to connect a pulse line meter only to a disconnected and grounded overhead line. The connection must be made in the following order:

• the connecting wire must first be connected to the grounded wiring of the pulse meter (coming from the protective device), and then, using insulating rods, to the overhead line wire. The rods with which the connecting wire is connected to the overhead line must remain on the line wire for the duration of the measurement. When working with rods, dielectric gloves should be used;
• remove the ground from the overhead line at the end where the pulse meter is connected. If necessary, it is allowed to remove the grounding at the other ends of the verified overhead line. After removing the grounding from the overhead line, the connecting wire, protective device and wiring to it should be considered energized and it is not allowed to touch them;
• remove the ground from the wiring of the pulse meter.

5.3.2. Connecting the wiring of the pulse meter to the overhead line using insulating rods must be carried out by operational personnel with group IV, or laboratory personnel under the supervision of operational personnel.

Connecting a pulse meter through stationary switching equipment to fixed wiring already connected to the overhead line and measurements can be carried out solely by operational personnel or by order - an employee with group IV from the laboratory staff.

5.3.3. At the end of the measurements, the overhead line must be grounded again, and only after that it is allowed to remove the insulating rods with connecting wires, first from the overhead line, and then from the wiring of the pulse meter.

5.3.4. Measurements with a pulse meter that does not have a high voltage pulse generator are allowed without removing working crews from the overhead line.

5.4. Working with a megaohmmeter

5.4.1. Measurements with a megaohmmeter during operation are allowed to be performed by trained employees from among the electrical personnel. In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, measurements are taken along, in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V - by order.

In cases where measurements with a megohmmeter are included in the scope of work, these measurements are not required to be specified in the order or order.

One worker with group III can measure the insulation resistance with a megohmmeter.

5.4.2. Measurement of insulation resistance with a megohmmeter should be carried out on disconnected current-carrying parts, from which the charge has been removed by preliminary grounding. Grounding from current-carrying parts should be removed only after connecting a megohmmeter.

5.4.3. When measuring the insulation resistance of current-carrying parts with a megohmmeter, the connecting wires should be connected to them using insulating holders (rods). In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, in addition, dielectric gloves should be used.

5.4.4. When working with a megohmmeter, it is not allowed to touch the current-carrying parts to which it is attached. After completion of work, the residual charge should be removed from the current-carrying parts by short-term grounding.

5.4.5. Megohmmeter measurements are not allowed in the following cases:

• on one circuit of double-circuit lines with a voltage above 1000 V, if the other circuit is energized at that time;
• on a single-circuit line, if it runs in parallel with a working line with a voltage above 1000 V;
• during the period of approach or during thunderstorms and rain.

5.4.6. Measurements of the resistance of the grounding devices of the overhead line supports should be carried out in dry weather, during the period of the greatest drying of the soil.

5.5. Work with electricity meters and measuring instruments

5.5.1. It is allowed to record the readings of electric meters and other measuring instruments installed on control panels and in switchgear (RU) alone by employees from among the operational personnel with an electrical safety group of at least II in the presence of permanent operational personnel (with two persons on duty) and with an electrical safety group not lower than III - without permanent operational personnel.

5.5.2. The installation and removal of measuring instruments connected to instrument transformers, electric meters, should be carried out along with the removal of voltage by two workers, of which one must have an electrical safety group of at least IV, and the second - at least III.

If there are test blocks or special clamps that allow you to safely short-circuit the current circuits, the specified work can be carried out by order.

5.5.3. Installation and removal of electric meters of different connections located in the same room can be carried out according to one order (order) without formalizing the transition from one workplace to another.

5.5.4. To ensure the safety of work carried out in the circuits of measuring instruments, all secondary windings of measuring current and voltage transformers must be permanently grounded.

If it is necessary to break the current circuit of the measuring instruments, the circuit of the secondary winding of the current transformer is preliminarily short-circuited at the clamps specially designed for this.

In the circuits between the current transformer and the terminals, where a short circuit is installed, it is not allowed to perform work that can lead to the opening of the circuit.

5.5.5. When performing work on current transformers or in their secondary circuits, the following safety measures must be observed:

• connect the measurement and protection circuits to the terminals of the indicated current transformers after the installation of the secondary circuits is completed;
• when checking the polarity, the devices by which it is produced, before applying a current pulse to the primary winding, are securely connected to the terminals of the secondary winding.

5.6. Works on measuring the electric field strength

5.6.1. When measuring the electric field strength, it is necessary to observe the permissible distances from the operator making the measurements and the meter (sensor) to live parts under voltage.

Electric field strength measurements should be made:

• when working without climbing on equipment and structures - at a height of 1,8 m from the ground, cable channel plates (tray), equipment maintenance platform or the floor of the room;
• when working with lifting on equipment and structures - at a height of 0.5, 1,0 and 1,8 m from the floor of the workplace site (for example, the floor of the cradle of the lift) and at a distance of 0,5 m from grounded live parts of the equipment.

Measurements of the strength (induction) of the magnetic field should be carried out at a height of 0,5, 1,5 and 1,8 m from the floor of the site of the workplace, the ground, the floor of the room, the flooring of the bridges, etc., and when the source of the magnetic field is under workplace - additionally at the floor level of the workplace site.

5.6.2. Measurements of the strength (induction) of the magnetic field must be carried out at the maximum operating current of the electrical installation or the measured values ​​​​should be converted to the maximum operating current (I_max) by multiplying the measured values ​​​​by the ratio I_max / I, where I is the current in the magnetic field source at the time of measurement.

The strength (induction) of the magnetic field is measured in industrial premises with a permanent stay of personnel, located at a distance of less than 20 m from the current-carrying parts of electrical installations, including those separated from them by a wall.

The measurement results are recorded in a journal or issued in the form of a protocol.

5.6.3. Measurements of the intensity of electrostatic fields created by dielectric materials are allowed to be carried out in the absence of flammable liquids in the room and the technological process.

5.6.4. If it is necessary to measure the strength of electrostatic fields in explosive environments, it is necessary to ensure the electrostatic intrinsic safety of objects by creating conditions that prevent the occurrence of static electricity discharges that can become a source of ignition of an object or the environment and penetrating into it, in particular, by reducing the sensitivity of objects, surrounding and penetrating in them environments to the igniting effects of static electricity.

5.6.5. Prevention of the formation of ignition sources in a combustible environment during measurements should be ensured by the use of electrical equipment and instruments that correspond to the fire and explosion hazard class of the room or outdoor installation, the group and category of the explosive mixture, the requirements of electrostatic intrinsic safety, and the regulation of the maximum allowable spark discharge energy in a combustible environment.

6. Safety requirements in emergency situations

6.1. In the event of an emergency (accident, fire, natural disaster), you should immediately stop work and report the situation to higher operational personnel.

6.2. In cases of urgency, it is necessary to carry out the necessary switching in the electrical installation, followed by notification of higher operational personnel.

6.3. In the event of a fire:

6.3.1. Notify all workers in the production area and take measures to extinguish the fire. Burning parts of electrical installations and electrical wiring under voltage should be extinguished with carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.

6.3.2. Take measures to call your immediate supervisor or other officials to the scene of the fire.

6.3.3. According to the operational situation, the local operational fire fighting plan should be acted upon.

6.4. In the event of an accident, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the impact of the traumatic factor, provide him with first (pre-medical) medical care and inform the immediate supervisor about the accident.

When releasing the victim from the action of electric current, it is necessary to ensure that you yourself do not come into contact with the current-carrying part or under step voltage.

7. Safety requirements at the end of work

7.1. Upon completion of work, you must:

• turn off the test (measuring) equipment;
• in case of complete completion of the tests, disconnect the wires from the test facility and remove the guards;
• all tools, fixtures, devices and protective equipment should be put in proper order and placed in special cabinets and on racks;
• report on the completion of work to the higher operational (duty) personnel and draw up the completion of work by hand in the operational log;
• take off overalls, put them and other personal protective equipment in the work clothes closet;
• wash, take a shower.

7.2. The cleaning material used in the work should be collected in a special box with a tight-fitting lid. Waste disposal should be carried out in specially designated areas agreed with the fire supervision services in the organization.

8. List of accepted abbreviations

• AGP Field extinguishing machine
• ACS Automated control system
• PBX Automatic telephone exchange
• VL Overhead power line
• VLAN Overhead communication line
• HF communication High-frequency communication
• Main control panel Main control panel
• ZRU Enclosed switchgear
• IC Measuring (test) stand
• CL Cable power line
• KLS Cable communication line
• KRU (KRUN) Complete switchgear of indoor (outdoor) installation
• KTP Complete transformer substation
• MTP Mast transformer substation
• NRP Unattended regeneration point
• NUP Unattended reinforcement point
• OVB Operational Field Brigade
• Outdoor switchgear
• OUP Serviced amplification point
• POR Work Management Design
• PPR Project for the production of works
• PRP HR Rules
• PUE Rules for the installation of electrical installations
• RZA Relay protection and automation
• RP Distribution point
• RU Switchgear
• SDTU Dispatch and process control facilities (cable and overhead lines of communication and telemechanics, high-frequency channels, communication and telemechanics devices)
• SMO Construction and installation organization
• SNiP Building codes and regulations
• TAI Devices for thermal automatics, thermal measurements and protection, means of remote control, signaling and technical means of automated control systems
• TP Transformer Substation
• EU Electrolysis Plant

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Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Artificial leather for touch emulation 15.04.2024

In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>

Petgugu Global cat litter 15.04.2024

Taking care of pets can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to keeping your home clean. A new interesting solution from the Petgugu Global startup has been presented, which will make life easier for cat owners and help them keep their home perfectly clean and tidy. Startup Petgugu Global has unveiled a unique cat toilet that can automatically flush feces, keeping your home clean and fresh. This innovative device is equipped with various smart sensors that monitor your pet's toilet activity and activate to automatically clean after use. The device connects to the sewer system and ensures efficient waste removal without the need for intervention from the owner. Additionally, the toilet has a large flushable storage capacity, making it ideal for multi-cat households. The Petgugu cat litter bowl is designed for use with water-soluble litters and offers a range of additional ... >>

The attractiveness of caring men 14.04.2024

The stereotype that women prefer "bad boys" has long been widespread. However, recent research conducted by British scientists from Monash University offers a new perspective on this issue. They looked at how women responded to men's emotional responsibility and willingness to help others. The study's findings could change our understanding of what makes men attractive to women. A study conducted by scientists from Monash University leads to new findings about men's attractiveness to women. In the experiment, women were shown photographs of men with brief stories about their behavior in various situations, including their reaction to an encounter with a homeless person. Some of the men ignored the homeless man, while others helped him, such as buying him food. A study found that men who showed empathy and kindness were more attractive to women compared to men who showed empathy and kindness. ... >>

Random news from the Archive DuraCore ProScene short throw projector 13.02.2021 The Taiwanese company Optoma Corporation officially presented the world's first short-throw projector with a brightness of 7000 lumens - the DuraCore ProScene model. The novelty is capable of producing an image with a diagonal of up to 300 inches (7,62 meters) and a WUXGA resolution of 1920 x 1200 pixels. But there is also support for 4K content with a resolution of 3840 x 2160 pixels. Moreover, the image can be formed from a minimum distance from the screen. The weight of the novelty is 12,7 kg, which sounds like a lot, but is actually about two times lighter than similar models. The contrast ratio is 1000000:1. HDR High Dynamic Range support is provided. The lens of the novelty is fixed, but the possibility of changing the lens is provided. The maximum magnification is 1,26x. HDBaseT input/output, three HDMI, VGA, LAN ports and 3D Sync input/output are provided. Also in the projector housing fit two speakers with a capacity of 10 watts each. The DuraCore ProScene is priced at $6000.

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