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Instructions on labor protection for the driver of an automobile, caterpillar or pneumatic wheel crane. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Introduction

This industry standard instruction has been developed taking into account the requirements of legislative and other regulatory legal acts containing state labor protection requirements specified in the "General safety requirements" section of this document, as well as PB 10-382-00 "Rules for the design and safe operation of cranes", approved by the Decree of Gosgortekhnadzor dated December 31.12.99, 98 N 17.08.2000, does not need state registration (letter of the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated August 6884, XNUMX N XNUMX-ER) and is intended for drivers of automobile, crawler and pneumatic wheel cranes (hereinafter referred to as drivers) in the management, maintenance and preventive maintenance of these cranes according to their profession and qualifications.

General safety requirements

1. Employees at least 18 years of age who have undergone appropriate training, have a license to drive a truck (for a truck crane) and have professional skills as a driver, before being allowed to work independently, must pass:

• mandatory preliminary (when applying for a job) and periodic (during employment) medical examinations (examinations) for recognition as fit for work in the manner established by the Ministry of Health of Russia;
• training in safe methods and techniques for performing work, briefing on labor protection, internships at the workplace and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements.

2. Admission to work for drivers and their assistants must be issued by order of the owner of the crane. Before being appointed to a position, machinists must be trained in the relevant programs and certified in the manner prescribed by the rules of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia. When transferring a crane operator from one crane to another of the same design, but of a different model, the administration of the organization is obliged to familiarize them with the features of the device and maintenance of the crane and provide training.

3. Drivers are obliged to comply with the requirements of this instruction, as well as the requirements of the instructions of manufacturers for the operation of cranes controlled by them to ensure protection from the effects of hazardous and harmful production factors associated with the nature of the work:

• noise;
• vibration;
• increased content of dust and harmful substances in the air of the working area;
• finding a workplace at a height;
• increased voltage in the electrical circuit, the closure of which can pass through the human body;
• moving machines, mechanisms and their parts;
• overturning of cars, falling of their parts.

4. To protect against general industrial pollution and mechanical impacts, drivers are required to use cotton overalls provided by employers free of charge, rubber boots, combined mittens, suits with insulating padding and felt boots for the winter period.

While on the construction site, drivers of automobile, crawler and pneumatic wheel cranes must wear protective helmets.

5. Being on the territory of the construction (production) site, in production and amenity premises, work sites and workplaces, drivers are required to comply with the internal labor regulations adopted in this organization.

Admission of unauthorized persons, as well as employees in a state of intoxication to these places is prohibited.

6. In the course of daily activities, drivers must:

• apply during the operation of the machine for its intended purpose, in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers;
• keep the vehicle in good technical condition. Avoiding work with malfunctions in which operation is prohibited;
• be careful during work and avoid violations of labor safety requirements.

7. Drivers are obliged to immediately notify their immediate or superior manager about any situation that threatens the life and health of people, about every accident that occurs at work, or about a deterioration in their health, including the appearance of an acute occupational disease (poisoning).

Safety requirements before starting work

8. Before starting work, drivers must:

• put on overalls, special footwear of the established sample;
• present to the manager a certificate of knowledge of safe work methods, receive a waybill and a task, taking into account labor safety, based on the specifics of the work performed.

9. After receiving the task to perform the work, the drivers must:

a) check the serviceability of crane structures and mechanisms, including:

• inspect the crane mechanisms, their fastening and brakes, as well as the running gear, traction and buffer devices;
• check the presence and serviceability of the mechanism guards;
• check the lubrication of gears, bearings and ropes, as well as the condition of lubricators and glands;
• inspect in accessible places metal structures and joints of boom sections and elements of its suspension, as well as metal structures and welded joints of the running frame and the turning part;
• inspect the hook and its fastening in the cage;
• check the serviceability of additional supports and stabilizers;
• check the presence and serviceability of safety instruments and devices on the crane (limit switches, load capacity indicator depending on the reach, crane tilt indicator, load limiter, etc.);
• inspect the electrical installations and the hydraulic drive system of the crane.

b) together with the slinger, check the compliance of removable load-handling devices with the mass and nature of the cargo, their serviceability and the presence of stamps or tags on them indicating the carrying capacity, test date and number;

c) inspect the installation site and the area of ​​operation of the crane and make sure that the slope of the terrain, the strength of the soil, the dimensions of the approach of buildings, as well as power lines comply with the requirements specified in the operating instructions for the crane

10. Drivers are obliged not to start work in the event of the following violations of safety requirements:

a) in case of malfunctions or defects specified in the instructions of manufacturers, in which their operation is not allowed;

b) defects in load-handling devices or their inconsistency with the nature of the work performed;

c) non-compliance of the characteristics of the crane in terms of lifting capacity and boom reach with the conditions of work;

d) the presence of people, machines or equipment in the work area;

e) when the slope of the terrain exceeds that specified in the passport of the manufacturers.

Detected violations of labor safety requirements must be eliminated on their own, and if it is impossible to do this, the drivers must immediately report them to the person responsible for the safe operation of cranes, as well as the person responsible for the safe operation of the crane.

Safety requirements during work

11. While operating the crane, the driver must not be distracted from his direct duties, as well as clean, lubricate and repair the mechanisms.

It is not allowed to get on and off the crane while the movement, rotation or lifting mechanisms are in operation.

12. When servicing the crane by two persons - the driver and his assistant or if there is a trainee on the crane, none of them should leave the crane even for a short time without warning the person remaining on the crane.

If it is necessary to leave the crane, the driver must stop the engine. In the absence of the driver, his assistant or trainee is not allowed to operate the crane.

13. Before switching on the mechanisms for moving cargo, the driver must make sure that there are no unauthorized persons in the area of ​​cargo movement and give a warning sound signal.

14. The movement of the crane under the power line should be carried out when the boom is in the transport position.

15. During the movement of the crane with the load, the position of the boom and the lifting capacity of the crane should be set in accordance with the instructions contained in the crane operation manual. In the absence of such instructions, as well as when moving the crane without a load, the boom must be installed in the direction of travel. It is not allowed to move the crane and turn the boom at the same time.

16. Installation of a crane to work on bulk and not compacted soil, on a site with a slope greater than that specified in the passport, as well as under a live power line, is not allowed.

17. The driver is obliged to install the crane on all additional supports in all cases when such an installation is required according to the passport characteristics of the crane. At the same time, he must ensure that the supports are in good order and that strong and stable linings are placed under them.

It is forbidden for the driver to be in the cab when the crane is installed on additional supports, as well as when it is released from the supports.

18. If the manufacturer provides for the storage of slings and linings for additional supports on the fixed part of the crane, then they must be removed before work and laid in place by the operator working on the crane personally.

19. Installing a crane on the edge of the slope of the excavation (ditch), the driver is obliged to observe the minimum distances of approach from the base of the slope of the excavation to the nearest crane support, not less than those indicated in table 1.

Table 1 Approach distance from the bottom of the excavation slope to the nearest support of the machine when installed near the excavation

If these distances cannot be observed, the slope must be reinforced. The conditions for installing the crane on the edge of the slope of the pit (ditch) must be specified in the work design.

20. When installing a crane near a building, a stack of cargo or any other objects, the distance between the turning part of the crane in any position and the dimensions of these objects must be at least 1 m.

21. Installation and operation of a crane at a distance closer than 30 m from the outermost wire of the power line is only allowed if there is a work permit issued in the prescribed manner by orders of the owner of the crane and the foreman.

22. The movement of goods over the ceilings, under which industrial, residential or service premises are located, where people can be, is not allowed. In exceptional cases, the movement can be carried out after the development of appropriate measures (in agreement with the state technical supervision authorities) that ensure the safe performance of work.

23. Joint work on moving cargo with two or more cranes can only be allowed in accordance with the project for the production of works, with a slinging scheme, the sequence of operations. The provisions of the cargo ropes, as well as the requirements for the preparation of the site and other requirements for the safe movement of cargo.

24. The driver must work under the direct supervision of the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes, when loading and unloading gondola cars, when moving cargo with two cranes, working on a work permit near a power line, when moving cargo over ceilings under which production or office buildings are located. premises where people can be, as well as in other cases provided for by the work execution projects.

25. When moving cargo, the driver must comply with the following requirements:

a) perform work on the signal of the slinger. The exchange of signals between the slinger and the crane operator must be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the organization. The signal "Stop" the driver is obliged to carry out regardless of who gave it;

b) before lifting the load, the slinger and all persons near the crane should be warned about the need to leave the zone of movement of the load. Lifting of the load can be done after people leave the specified area. The slinger may be near the load during its lifting or lowering, if the load is at a height of not more than 1 m from the platform level;

c) determine the lifting capacity of the crane, taking into account the outreach of the boom according to the lifting capacity indicator;

d) load and unload motor vehicles, railway gondola cars and platforms only in the absence of people on vehicles;

e) installation of the hook of the lifting mechanism above the load should exclude oblique tension of the load rope;

f) fix the load when it is lifted at a height of 200-300 mm in order to make sure that it is correctly slinged, the crane is stable and the brakes work properly, after which the load can be lifted to the desired height;

g) when lifting the load, maintain a distance between the hook clip and the boom head of at least 0,5 m;

h) when moving the load horizontally, first lift it to a height of at least 0,5 m above the objects encountered on the way;

i) when lifting the boom, it is necessary to ensure that it does not rise above the position corresponding to the smallest working reach;

j) before lifting or lowering a load located near a wall, column, stack, railway car, car, you must first make sure that there is no slinger and other people between the load being lifted and the specified obstacle, as well as the possibility of free passage of the crane boom and load near these obstacles ;

k) it is allowed to lift bricks on pallets without fencing only when unloading vehicles to the place of storage;

l) before lifting the load from the well, trench, pit or before lowering the load there, by lowering the free (unloaded) hook, make sure that at the lowest position on the drum there are at least one and a half turns of the rope, not counting the turns under the clamping device;

m) slinging of the load must be carried out in accordance with the slinging schemes. For slinging, slings should be used that correspond to the mass and nature of the load being lifted, taking into account the number of branches and their angle of inclination;

n) the load to be moved should be lowered to the place intended for this, where the possibility of falling, overturning or sliding of the load being installed is excluded. Linings of appropriate strength must be preliminarily laid at the place of installation of the load. Stowage and disassembly of goods should be carried out evenly, without violating the dimensions established for the storage of goods and without blocking the aisles.

26. When lifting and moving loads, the driver is prohibited from:

a) perform work when carrying out slinging by random persons who do not have a slinger's certificate, and also use lifting devices that do not have tags and brands. In these cases, the driver must stop work and notify the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes;

b) lift or turn over a load, the mass of which exceeds the lifting capacity of the crane for a given boom reach. If the driver does not know the weight of the load, then he must obtain in writing information about the actual weight of the load from the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes;

c) lower the boom with the load until the departure, at which the lifting capacity of the crane becomes less than the mass of the load being lifted;

d) to produce a sharp braking when turning the boom with a load;

e) to drag cargo along the ground, rails and logs with a crane hook with the ropes inclined, as well as move railway cars, platforms, trolleys or carts with a hook;

f) to tear off with a hook a load covered with earth or frozen to the base, laid by other loads, fixed with bolts or poured with concrete, as well as swinging the load in order to tear it off;

g) release the removable load-handling devices jammed by the load with a crane;

h) lift reinforced concrete products with damaged hinges, cargo that is incorrectly tied or in an unstable position, as well as in containers filled above the sides;

i) lower the load onto electric cables and pipelines, as well as closer than 1 m from the edge of the slope or trenches;

j) lift a load with people on it, as well as unbalanced and leveled by a mass of people or supported by hands;

k) transfer control of the crane to a person who does not have the appropriate certificate for this, and also leave students or trainees unattended during their work;

l) load or unload vehicles while the driver or other persons are in the cab;

m) lift cylinders with compressed or liquefied gas that are not placed in containers specially designed for this;

o) to adjust the brake of the lifting mechanism with the load raised.

27. When moving the crane under its own power on public roads, the driver must comply with the rules of the road.

Transportation of a crane through natural obstacles or artificial structures, as well as through unguarded railway crossings is allowed after examining the condition of the route.

28. Maintenance of the crane should be carried out only after stopping the engine and relieving pressure in the hydraulic and pneumatic systems, except for those cases that are provided for by the manufacturer's instructions.

Crane assemblies that can move under their own weight should be blocked or lowered on a support during maintenance to prevent their movement.

29. During the daily maintenance of the crane, the operator must:

a) ensure the cleanliness and serviceability of the mechanisms and equipment of the crane;

b) timely lubricate the rubbing parts of the crane and ropes in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer's instructions;

c) store lubricants and cleaning materials in a closed metal container;

d) ensure that there are no loose objects on the crane structure and its mechanisms;

e) check the serviceability of the enclosing devices provided for by the design of the crane, load limiters and other means of collective protection.

Safety requirements in emergency situations

30. In case of loss of stability of the crane during the lifting or moving of the load, the driver is obliged to immediately stop work, reduce the reach of the boom, give a warning signal, lower the load to the ground or platform and establish the cause of the emergency.

31. In case of accidental contact with an arrow or a cargo rope of a power line, the driver must warn the workers about the danger and take the boom away from the wires of the power line. If this is not possible, then the driver must jump out of the cab onto the ground in such a way that, at the moment the feet touch the ground, they do not hold on to the metal parts of the crane with their hands.

32. In the event of a fire on the crane, the driver is obliged to start extinguishing it using improvised means, while simultaneously calling the fire brigade through members of the brigade. In the event of a fire on an electric faucet, the switch that supplies voltage to the faucet must be turned off.

33. The driver is obliged to lower the load, stop the operation of the crane and notify the person responsible for the safe performance of work on the movement of goods by cranes, as well as the person in charge of supervising the operation of cranes in the following cases:

a) in the event of a malfunction of the crane mechanisms, in which, according to the instructions of the manufacturer, its operation is prohibited;

b) when the wind speed exceeds the allowable;

c) in case of deterioration of visibility in the evening, heavy snowfall and fog, when the driver does not distinguish between the signals of the slinger and the load being moved;

d) when twisting the rope of the cargo chain hoist.

Safety requirements at the end of work

34. At the end of the work, the driver must:

a) lower the load to the ground;

b) take the crane to the place intended for parking, slow it down;

c) set the crane boom to the position determined by the manufacturer's instructions for the installation and operation of the crane;

d) stop the engine, turn off the switch at the crane with an electric drive;

e) lock the cabin door;

f) hand over the waybill and inform his shift worker, as well as the person responsible for the safe production of work on moving goods with cranes about all the problems that arose during work, and make an appropriate entry in the logbook.

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