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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection for a chemical analysis laboratory assistant at oil product supply enterprises. Full Document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection 1. General safety requirements 1.1. This instruction provides for the basic requirements for the organization and safe conduct of laboratory work at oil product supply enterprises. 1.2. When carrying out laboratory work related to leaded gasoline, in addition to the requirements set forth in this manual, the requirements of the "Instructions on labor protection when working with leaded gasoline" must be met, and when using gas-filled cylinders in laboratory work, the requirements of the "Instructions on labor protection" must also be observed. during transportation, storage and use of cylinders with compressed and liquefied gas. 1.3. A chemical analysis laboratory assistant may be exposed to the following dangerous and harmful factors: poisoning, thermal and chemical burns, electric shock. 1.4. Persons not younger than 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, have passed theoretical and practical training, have tested their knowledge of labor safety requirements in the prescribed manner and have received admission to independent work are allowed to work as a chemical analysis laboratory assistant. 1.5. A chemical analysis laboratory assistant should be provided with overalls and personal protective equipment (cotton overalls, rubberized apron with a bib, rubber gloves, goggles). 1.6. Laboratory premises should be equipped with forced supply and exhaust ventilation and local ventilation (draft) from laboratory cabinets and other sources of gas emission. 1.7. In laboratory premises where work is carried out with especially harmful and toxic substances, the ventilation system must be individual, not connected with the ventilation of other premises. 2. Safety requirements before starting work 2.1. Wear appropriate protective clothing and prepare personal protective equipment. 2.2. Check the availability of degassing agents, primary fire extinguishing agents. 2.3. Check the serviceability of the equipment (ventilation units, electrical equipment), turn on the ventilation. 2.4. Prepare instruments and laboratory equipment for work, make sure that they are in good working order. It is forbidden to use faulty instruments and laboratory equipment. 3. Safety requirements during work 3.1. Laboratory premises must be kept clean and tidy. It is forbidden to clutter up corridors and entrances (exits) with any objects, materials, equipment. 3.2. All work related to the release of toxic or flammable vapors and gases must be carried out only in fume hoods with local ventilation turned on. 3.3. Do not use fume hoods with broken glass or inadequate ventilation, and do not clutter fume hoods with utensils, cutlery, and laboratory equipment not related to the work being performed. 3.4. Samples of petroleum products, flammable solvents, reagents should be stored in a special room located outside the laboratory and equipped with exhaust ventilation and meeting fire safety rules. 3.5. In the laboratory, it is allowed to store oil products and reagents necessary for work in quantities not exceeding the daily requirement. 3.6. With the permission of the head of the laboratory, it is allowed to store fuming acids, volatile reagents and solvents in fume hoods, while conducting analyzes in these cabinets is prohibited. If the laboratory has one fume hood, then the above reagents are stored in a specially designated room. 3.7. For storage of samples and reagents, only hermetically sealed containers are used. Do not store flammable liquids in thin-walled glassware. Each chemical container must be labeled with the product name. 3.8. Petroleum products, as well as flammable liquids, must be pre-dehydrated before analysis that requires heating to avoid foaming and splashing. Heating and boiling of flammable liquids in the laboratory is allowed only in a water bath or on a closed electric stove. It is forbidden to heat flammable liquids on an open fire, as well as on open electric stoves. 3.9. During work related to heating and subsequent condensation and cooling of vapors of petroleum products (distillation, determination of water content, etc.), it is necessary to first regulate the flow of water passing through the refrigerator, and only then turn on the electric heaters. 3.10. When distilling oil products, it is necessary to ensure that the receiving vessel is continuously cooled with water. In the event of a sudden interruption of the water supply, the heating of the product must be stopped. 3.11. It is forbidden to store oil products and perform other work with them on work tables where oil products are heated. 3.12. The heating of the oil product should be carried out only in the presence of a laboratory assistant. Even before the laboratory assistant leaves for a short time, the heating source must be turned off. 3.13. Tanks, bottles and other containers for storing aggressive liquids are not allowed to be left temporarily and installed on work tables, in aisles and common areas. Locations of containers with aggressive liquids must be provided with local exhaust ventilation. 3.14. Tanks with aggressive liquids should be carried by two people using mechanized devices, on special stretchers, in baskets with a double bottom. 3.15. When transfusing and portioning aggressive liquids, it is necessary to use special safe funnels with curved edges and air outlet tubes. In the event of spillage, the liquid must be neutralized and the spill site thoroughly rinsed with water. 3.16. The place for pouring and diluting acids and alkalis, as well as the places for their use, should be equipped with local exhaust ventilation, provided with clean rags and towels, a water hydrant with a rubber hose for washing hands and a fountain for washing eyes. 3.17. Wear rubber gloves and goggles when working with acids and alkalis. 3.18. Acid, alkali and other caustic or toxic liquids may only be pipetted with a rubber bulb. 3.19. When diluting sulfuric acid, it is necessary to pour it in a thin stream into cold water while stirring the solution. It is forbidden to pour water into the acid. 3.20. Spilled acid should be covered with fine sand. Sand soaked with acid must be removed with a wooden spatula, and the place where there was acid should be covered with soda or lime, then washed with water and wiped dry. 3.21. Grinding of caustic and toxic substances should be carried out in closed mortars under draft. The laboratory assistant performing this operation must be wearing goggles and rubber gloves. All toxic substances must be strictly registered. Their issuance without the permission of the head of the laboratory is not allowed. 3.22. Oil product residues after analysis, spent reagents and toxic substances are poured into special metal containers and transferred for regeneration or destruction. These liquids must not be discharged into the domestic sewer. 3.23. It is forbidden to drain the remains of alkali, acid and water into one vessel. 3.24. Laboratory glassware should be washed in a special washing room, separated from other working rooms of the laboratory by a blind fireproof partition and having an independent exit. The washing room must be equipped with independent supply and exhaust ventilation and exhaust ventilation from the place of washing dishes. 3.25. It is allowed to hand over dishes from strong acids and other caustic and poisonous products for washing only after the dishes have been completely emptied and neutralized. 3.26. When transferring glass flasks with liquid, they must be held with two hands - one at the bottom, and the other at the neck. 3.27. When breaking glass tubes and sticks, as well as when putting rubber tubes on them, they should be wrapped with a cloth (towel). The uneven and sharp ends of glass tubes and sticks should be melted and moistened with water or glycerin before putting rubber tubes on them. When fixing glass tubes in stoppers, it is necessary to keep the tube closer to the end that is inserted into the stopper. To facilitate the passage of the tube, the hole in the plug should be moistened with glycerin or water. 3.28. In a room where work is carried out with toxic and aggressive substances, it is prohibited to store and eat food. Do not allow the use of laboratory glassware for personal use. 3.29. Hands should be washed with warm soapy water and dried with a towel. It is forbidden to wash hands with oil products. 3.30. In the laboratory premises it is prohibited:
4. Safety requirements in emergency situations 4.1. If gasoline, ether or other flammable liquids are spilled, extinguish the burners, close the general gas valve, turn off the electric heaters, and remove the spilled product. In the event of a fire, in addition, it is necessary to turn off the ventilation, report the incident to the fire brigade and the management of the enterprise, and start extinguishing the fire with primary fire extinguishing equipment. 4.2. If a smell of gas is detected, close the general shut-off valve on the gas network, ventilate the room and take measures to eliminate the detected malfunctions. At the same time, it is forbidden to check the tightness of the gas network with an open flame source. Leaks in the valves of the cylinder or reducer are detected by wetting them with an aqueous solution of soap. It is forbidden to light heating and lighting devices until the room is completely ventilated and the malfunctions are eliminated. 4.3. In case of an accident, provide first aid to the victim, call an ambulance or send the victim to a medical facility, inform the administration of the enterprise. The laboratory assistant should have a good knowledge of first aid and self-help techniques (before assistance is provided by a medical worker). 5. Safety requirements at the end of work 5.1. Upon completion of work, the laboratory assistant must:
5.2. Oiled rags, sawdust and other similar materials, folded in closed metal boxes, should be taken out of the laboratory to a place specially designated for this. 5.3. At the end of work, change clothes, wash your face and hands thoroughly with warm water and soap, and take a shower.
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