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Labor safety instructions for a blacksmith-hammer. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General provisions

1.1. The instructions apply to all departments of the enterprise.

1.2. The instruction was developed on the basis of DNAOP 0.00-8.03-93 "Procedure for the development and approval by the owner of labor protection regulations in force at the enterprise", DNAOP 0.00-4.15-98 "Regulations on the development of labor protection instructions", DNAOP 0.00-4.12-99 " Standard regulation on training on labor protection issues, DNAOP 0.00-1.28-87 "Occupational safety rules in road transport".

1.3. According to these instructions, the hammersmith (hereinafter referred to as the blacksmith) is instructed before starting work (initial instruction), and then every 3 months (repeated instruction). The results of the briefing are entered into the "Logbook of registration of briefings on labor protection issues." The log, after completing the instruction, must contain the signatures of the instructor and the blacksmith.

1.4. The owner must insure the blacksmith against accidents and occupational diseases. In case of damage to the blacksmith's health due to the fault of the owner, he (the blacksmith) has the right to compensation for the harm caused to him.

1.5. For failure to comply with this instruction, the blacksmith bears disciplinary, financial, administrative and criminal liability.

1.6. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training in this profession, a medical examination, introductory instruction on labor protection and on-the-job instruction are allowed to work independently as a blacksmith.

1.7. The blacksmith must:

1.7.1. Comply with internal labor regulations.

1.7.2. Use overalls and personal protective equipment.

1.7.3. Do not allow strangers to your workplace.

1.7.4. Perform only the work that is entrusted to the master and in which he is instructed.

1.7.5. Do not follow instructions that contradict safety regulations.

1.7.6. Be able to provide first aid to victims of accidents.

1.7.7. Keep the workplace clean, do not clutter it with parts or workpieces.

1.7.8. Remember personal responsibility for the implementation of labor protection rules and the safety of colleagues.

1.8. The main dangerous and harmful production factors affecting the blacksmith:

• clutter of jobs;
• lack of special devices and tools to perform work in accordance with the technology;
• increased gas contamination of the working area;
• increased surface temperature of equipment, tools;
• increased air temperature of the working area;
• increased noise level, vibration in the workplace;
• unprotected conductive parts of electrical equipment;
• insufficient illumination of the working area;
• flying parts of materials.

1.9. The blacksmith is provided with overalls and personal protective equipment:

1.9.1. Blacksmith on hammers: a cotton suit with fire retardant impregnation, leather boots with a smooth top and a metal toe, canvas mittens, goggles.

1.9.2. Hand-forged blacksmith: canvas apron with bib, canvas mittens, goggles.

1.10. The forging site should be located in a one-story building made of strong fire-resistant materials, taking into account the elimination of vibration during operation of the hammers.

The floor must be laid from strong, non-flammable materials and have a uniform non-slip surface.

1.11. The forging area must be equipped with supply and exhaust and local ventilation.

1.12. An anvil for hand forging must be mounted on a wooden stand so that its working surface is horizontal.

1.13. The pliers for holding workpieces should be selected in size so that when gripping the part, the gap between the plier handles is at least 45 mm.

1.14. To firmly hold the workpieces being processed, clamping rings (spreads) should be put on the handles of the pliers.

1.15. There should be a box of sand and fire extinguishers near the forge.

1.16. The workplace must be equipped with pliers of different sizes and jaw shapes, depending on the size and shape of the forging.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Put on and carefully tuck in overalls and prepare other personal protective equipment.

2.2. Check the serviceability of the equipment (anvil, heating devices, air ducts, etc.). Do not start work if they are faulty.

2.3. Install the necessary shields during work (on the side of passages and in other places) so that flying scale or metal particles do not injure those working nearby.

2.4. Check the serviceability of the tools required for the job. Use the tool only for its intended purpose.

2.5. Lay out the instrument in a convenient and safe manner.

2.6. Check that there is clean water in the tool cooling tank.

2.7. Clean the working surface of the anvil from scale, oil, water and other contamination, wipe wet and greasy tools with a rag.

2.8. Check the condition of general and local lighting, ventilation, and turn them on.

2.9. Report all faults to the foreman.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. Only the blacksmith can give the command “Hit” to the hammerman. On the command “Stop”, no matter who gave it, the hammer hammer must immediately stop working.

3.2. The workpiece must be placed in the middle of the anvil so that it fits snugly against it.

3.3. The blacksmith should not place the tool on the forging and change its position without warning the hammerer.

3.4. The blacksmith must hold the tool so that the handle is not against him, but to the side.

3.5. Before you start forging metal, it must be cleaned of scale with a wire brush.

3.6. The hardening that forms on the forging tool during operation must be removed with a grinding wheel.

3.7. Hot forgings and metal waste must be stored away from the workplace. They are not allowed to accumulate in the workplace.

3.8. It is forbidden:

3.8.1. Forge metal on a wet anvil or oiled sledgehammer.

3.8.2. Use unheated tools (pliers, mandrels).

3.8.3. Touch the hot workpiece with your hands (even with mittens) to prevent burns.

3.8.4. Place a lining under the work piece.

3.8.5. Forging ferrous metals cooled to below 800°C.

3.8.6. To use the mountain to unauthorized persons.

3.8.7. Allow body hypothermia from air movement (drafts, etc.).

3.8.8. Stand opposite the forging, the end of which is cut off.

3.8.9. Use a sledgehammer or hammer with hammers that are knocked down or have cracks.

3.8.10. Scatter hot forgings and stumps around the forge.

3.8.11. Allow strangers to work on the anvil.

3.8.12. Show the place of the blow.

3.9. When cutting metal, the last blow must be weak, and before this the forging must be turned 180°; With the cut off area, the forging must be placed on the edge of the anvil. You cannot stand opposite the end that is being cut off.

3.10. While cutting metal, it is necessary to install portable shields in the direction where parts of the metal fly off.

3.11. When working with a sledgehammer, the hammer must always stand to the side so that, if it accidentally falls off, the sledgehammer cannot hit the blacksmith.

3.12. It is necessary to strike with a sledgehammer exactly in accordance with the blacksmith’s command; when striking, one hand must be held at the end of the sledgehammer handle and placed under the other hand.

3.13. When working on an anvil, the handles of hand tools must be held to the side of you so that there is no “kickback” when hitting the stomach and chest.

3.14. Very hot hand tools must be cooled periodically in a tank of water.

3.15. Blacksmiths who have undergone special training and instruction are allowed to work with a mechanical hammer.

3.16. Before starting work on the hammer, it is necessary to check the idle speed of the pedal and the serviceability of the guard (blocking). Warm up the hammer strikers with a piece of hot metal clamped between the upper and lower strikers.

3.17. Before starting forging, first place the striker on the forging at a slow speed so as to ensure full contact of the forging with the plane of the lower striker.

3.18. When working on a hammer, it is prohibited:

3.18.1. Hit the edges of the striker.

3.18.2. Allow idle strikes of the lower striker by the upper one.

3.18.3. Insert your hand into the striker area and place the forging with your hands.

3.18.4. Wipe the hammer, remove scale with your hands, etc.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. Stop heating devices and turn them off in the proper order.

4.2. Tidy up the workplace by putting waste and forgings in the designated place.

4.3. Clean the anvil and the nearby area of ​​the floor from scale.

4.4. Wipe the tool with a rag and put it in the designated place.

4.5. Remove overalls, wash face, hands with warm water and soap; shower if possible.

4.6. Report to the master about all the shortcomings that occurred during the work.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. Immediately stop work, do not allow unauthorized persons into the danger zone.

5.2. Report the incident to the master.

5.3. If there are victims, provide them with first aid, if necessary, call an ambulance.

5.4. Providing first aid:

5.4.1. First aid for electric shock:

In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to disconnect it, pull it away from the conductive parts by clothing or using insulating material at hand.

If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration and indirect (external) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In this state of recovery, it is necessary to start immediately, and then call an ambulance.

5.4.2. First aid for injury:

To provide first aid in case of injury, it is necessary to open an individual package, apply a sterile dressing material, which is placed in it, to the wound and tie it with a bandage.

If somehow the individual package was not found, then a clean handkerchief, a clean linen rag, etc. must be used for dressing. On a rag that is applied directly to the wound, it is advisable to drip a few drops of tincture of iodine to get a stain larger than the wound, and then apply the rag to the wound. It is especially important to apply the tincture of iodine in this way to contaminated wounds.

5.4.3. First aid for fractures, dislocations, shocks:

In case of fractures and dislocations of the limbs, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged limb with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar object. The injured arm can also be hung with a bandage or handkerchief from the neck and bandaged to the torso.

In case of a skull fracture (unconsciousness after a blow to the head, bleeding from the ears or mouth), it is necessary to apply a cold object to the head (a heating pad with ice, snow or cold water) or make a cold lotion.

If a fracture of the spine is suspected, it is necessary to put the victim on the board, without lifting him, turn the victim on his stomach, face down, while observing that the body does not bend, in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord.

In case of a fracture of the ribs, a sign of which is pain during breathing, coughing, sneezing, movements, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation.

5.4.4. First aid for thermal burns:

In case of burns with fire, steam, hot objects, in no case should you open the formed blisters and bandage the burns with a bandage.

For first-degree burns (redness), the burned area is treated with cotton wool soaked in ethyl alcohol.

For second-degree burns (blister), the burned area is treated with alcohol or a 3% manganese solution or a 5% tannin solution.

For third-degree burns (destruction of skin tissue), the wound is covered with a sterile bandage, call a doctor.

5.4.5. First aid for bleeding:

In order to stop bleeding, you must:

• raise the injured limb up;
• close the bleeding wound with a dressing (from a bag) folded into a ball, press it from above, without touching the wound itself, hold for 4-5 minutes. If the bleeding stops without removing the applied material, put another pad from another bag or a piece of cotton on top of it and bandage the wounded area (with some pressure);
• in case of severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with a bandage, compression of the blood vessels that feed the wounded area is applied by bending the limb at the joints, as well as with fingers, a tourniquet or a clamp. In case of heavy bleeding, you should immediately call a doctor.

5.5. If a fire occurs, start extinguishing with the available fire extinguishing equipment. If necessary, call the fire department.

5.6. Follow the instructions of the head of work to eliminate the emergency.

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