Instructions for labor protection during the operation of flowing and gas-lift wells

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Instructions on labor protection during the operation of flowing and gas-lift wells. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements

This Instruction contains safety requirements for the design of the main and auxiliary equipment and technology for the operation of flowing and gas lift wells. On issues not covered by this Instruction, one should be guided by the "Safety Rules in the Oil and Gas Industry", "Electrical Installation Rules", "Rules for the Technical Operation of Consumer Electrical Installations", "Safety Rules for the Operation of Consumer Electrical Installations" and other relevant regulatory, technical and guidance documents approved in the prescribed manner.

1.1. The operation and repair of flowing and gas lift wells is allowed to persons who have undergone appropriate training, as well as testing knowledge on the safe operation of flowing and gas lift wells.

1.2. Personnel admitted to the operation and repair of wells must be provided with overalls and personal protective equipment provided for this type of work.

1.3. When operating and repairing wells whose products contain hydrogen sulfide, maintenance personnel must know the safety rules for working in an environment containing hydrogen sulfide and first aid methods for victims. When entering the work area, service personnel must have:

personal protective equipment for respiratory organs (insulating apparatus);
hydrogen sulfide gas detector.

1.4. Employees who violate the requirements of this Industry Instruction are liable in accordance with the procedure established by law.

2. Requirements for equipment and fixtures

2.1. Wellhead Equipment

2.1.1. Casing strings of oil wells must be tied together with a string head, which is tested after installation for a pressure not exceeding the pressing pressure.

2.1.2. The design of the casing head should provide the ability to control the pressure in the annular space of the casing strings and pump the working agent.

2.1.3. The wellhead of a fountain or gas lift well is equipped with a Christmas tree and a manifold, the working pressure of which must correspond to the maximum pressure expected at the wellhead, but not less than the string pressure test pressure. The valve and manifold assembly scheme must be approved in accordance with the established procedure.

2.1.4. The design of the tubing head should provide the possibility of hanging tubing, pressure control and supply of the working agent into the annulus (annular) through the side outlets of the head.

2.1.5. The design of the X-mas tree must provide space for the installation of pressure gauges and thermometers.

2.1.6. A device shall be provided between the pressure gauge and the X-mas tree to ensure the installation and removal of the pressure gauge in the presence of pressure in the valve.

2.1.7. On tees, crosses, coils, bodies of locking devices of X-mas tree fittings, in a conspicuous place, the values \uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbof the working pressure and the conditional passage, and, if necessary, the direction of flow, should be embossed.

2.1.8. There must be two side outlets with locking devices on the body of the column head.

2.1.9. The seal design of flanged, threaded and other connections must ensure their tightness at operating pressures and temperatures.

2.1.10. The design of the manifold should allow to control the directions of movement of the reservoir products and working agents through all hydraulic channels of the well, to ensure their connection with the flow line and the candle.

2.1.11. The design of the X-mas tree, together with the manifold, must allow for safe choke change.

2.1.12. Flywheels and handwheels for controlling locking devices must comply with the requirements of GOST.

2.1.13. The locking devices of the X-mas tree and the manifold must have indicators of the valve position (open - closed).

2.1.14. The design of pressurized shut-off devices must ensure the safe injection of sealing paste, grease and the replacement of stuffing box seals.

2.1.15. Oil and gas pipelines related to the arrangement of flowing and gas lift wells should be constructed from seamless steel pipes connected by welding.

Flange and socket threaded connections are allowed only at the installation sites of shut-off devices, check valves and other fittings.

2.1.16. The flow lines of a well operating with a working fluid temperature of 80°C or more must be equipped with temperature compensators.

2.1.17. The control station for X-mas trees and shut-off valves should be installed at a distance of 30 - 35 m from the mouth in a special room, securely strengthened and grounded.

2.1.18. Air ducts, impulse control pipes, signal cable lines connecting the control station with the well must be laid in trenches, sealed from precipitation and accumulation of aggressive media. On waterlogged soils, control lines should be laid on racks 40 cm high from the ground or water surface.

2.2. gas distribution battery

2.2.1. Gas distribution batteries located in enclosed spaces must be equipped with devices and equipment in an explosive design.

2.2.2. The room where the gas distribution battery is located and where the attendants are located must be equipped with a forced supply and exhaust ventilation system and equipped with a gas analyzer with a warning alarm.

A room without permanent attendants should be equipped with doors equipped with blocking locks, the opening of which occurs only after the required time has elapsed after the forced ventilation has been turned on.

The exposure time depends on the volume of the room, taking into account its five-fold exchange from the moment the ventilation unit starts working until the moment the lock is released from the door locks.

2.2.3. The width of the working passage for servicing instruments and other equipment of the gas distribution battery should be 0,75 m.

2.2.4. Pipelines of gas distribution batteries laid below should be placed in trays and covered with running decks.

2.2.5. Vessels and devices of gas distribution batteries operating under pressure (tanks, refrigerators, purge tanks, etc.) must be manufactured in accordance with the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels.

2.2.6. On the gas pipeline extending from the gas distribution battery to the well, shut-off and unloading valves, as well as a check valve, must be installed.

2.2.7. The discharge line from the droplet separator and gas pipelines going to the wells must be equipped with a candle, the riser of which is installed from the gas distribution battery at a distance of 10 m or more. The riser must have a dike.

2.3. Shutoff valves

2.3.1. The need to use wellhead and downhole shut-off valves in flowing wells is substantiated in the design documents for the construction of wells, approved in the prescribed manner.

2.3.2. Fountain wells with a liquid flow rate of 400 t/day. oil or 500 thousand cubic meters. m/day gas and more, located at a distance of less than 500 m from a settlement or a railway track with passenger train traffic, as well as fountain wells, the production of which contains more than 5% hydrogen sulfide by volume in the gas phase, regardless of their location, are equipped with downhole shut-off valves .

2.3.3. Shut-off valves installed on the X-mas tree or manifold must provide accurate operation in the specified parameters and not have moving parts protruding outside the body.

2.3.4. On the valve bodies - cut-off valves, in a conspicuous place, the values \uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbof the working pressure and the conditional passage with an indication of the direction of flow should be embossed.

2.3.5. The control station for X-mas trees and shut-off valves (ground and downhole) must have reliable grounding and not create dangerous situations for maintenance personnel during commissioning and preventive maintenance.

2.4. Equipment for the production of cable works on flowing and gas lift wells

2.4.1. The winch operator's (driver's) cab should be located on the left side of the winch drum, the viewing windows of the winch cab should provide the operator with good visibility, have windshield wipers, make it possible to observe the operation of the cable roller located on the lubricator head, and the draw roller attached to the X-mas tree.

2.4.2. It is unacceptable to splash liquid on the glass of the operator's cabin when winding and unwinding the cable (wire) from the winch drum.

2.4.3. The hydraulic winch drum must be equipped with a cable layer that works reliably in the performance of work related to striking with mechanical and hydraulic jars.

2.4.4. The winch control panel must have an indicator of the load on the rope (wire), an indicator of the depth of the tool in the well, tachometers showing the number of revolutions of the winch drum and the internal combustion engine - the power plant of the winch, a pressure gauge showing the oil pressure in the control system.

2.4.5. The exhaust pipe of the power winch internal combustion engine must be provided with a spark arrester and located in such a way that the exhaust gases do not enter the operator's cab.

2.4.6. The preventer and lubricator must have a passport indicating the maximum allowable pressure.

2.4.7. The cable tool complex should include a mounting mast with a lifting mechanism for performing work at the wellhead. The mounting mast must be provided with a system for attaching it to the body of the Christmas tree.

3. Safety requirements when performing technological operations

3.1. The descent and retrieval of the production string equipped with a packer must be carried out at a speed that does not cause an intensive outflow of the killing fluid through the annulus and pipe space.

3.2. The installation of the packer and its failure should be carried out only under the supervision of a foreman, and in case of complication - under the supervision of a complex work foreman. After the packer is installed, the assembly is pressure tested and an act is drawn up.

3.3. Installation and lowering of downhole equipment, which provides for the installation of a shut-off valve, must be carried out by a specially trained team.

3.4. Before installation on the well, the Christmas tree and manifold must be pressure tested in assembled form to the test pressure specified in the certificate.

The X-mas tree together with the manifold after installation on the well must be pressurized to a pressure that is acceptable for pressurizing the production string. The results of pressure testing are documented in an act.

3.5. Christmas trees, regardless of the expected working pressure, must be installed in full compliance with the requirements of the specifications for the manufacture and supply of valves.

3.6. The flow lines of the X-mas tree, located at a height, must be installed on securely reinforced supports that keep them from falling during repair work.

3.7. Before changing the choke or doing other work on one of the strings (after switching the strings to the standby output and closing the corresponding valves on the working output), it is necessary to reduce the pressure in the string downstream of the choke to atmospheric pressure.

3.8. Well piping and equipment, as well as gas pipelines associated with the well, should, if necessary, be heated only with steam or hot water.

3.9. Pipelines, drains, separators, condensate collectors must be blown through the branch lines to the candle. When purging vessels and pipelines, the liquid from them should only flow into the process tanks.

3.10. During the operation of the well, the operability of the shut-off valve should be periodically checked for operation in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The installation of the shut-off valve and checking it for operation must be documented by an act.

3.11. Troubleshooting, replacement of wear and replacement parts of the X-mas tree and pressure manifold is prohibited.

3.12. The transfer of the well to gas lift operation must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the project and the plan approved by the oil and gas producing enterprise.

3.13. Before the well is transferred to gas-lift operation, the production string and wellhead equipment must be pressurized to the maximum (starting) pressure and checked for density.

3.14. After installation, gas distribution pipelines must be pressurized with a pressure that is 25% higher than the maximum working pressure.

3.15. Inspection of all technological pipelines, separators, tanks, shut-off and control valves is carried out monthly with a record of the inspection results recorded in the rotation log.

Control over the condition and performance of the fire extinguishing system, lighting, ventilation, alarm, lightning protection, protection against static electricity, communication and telemechanics systems is carried out in accordance with the approved procedure.

3.16. A winch for wireline work on flowing and gas lift wells should be installed at a distance of 20 - 25 m from the wellhead so that the winch operator can see the roller with a torque converter attached to the flowing tree.

3.17. During winch operation, service personnel are strictly prohibited from being in the winch - wellhead area, outside the cabin.

3.18. In the absence or malfunction of measuring instruments on the operator's console of a hydroficated winch, it is prohibited to carry out cable work on the well.

3.19. Depth measurements and any other cable work in operating flowing and gas lift wells that are not equipped with a lubricator is prohibited.

The lubricator must be only factory-made, and its passport characteristics must correspond to the parameters of the X-mas tree installed on the well.

3.20. The dismantling of the lubricator and its charging with tools for the production of cable work should be carried out provided that the lubricator has a manifold with a device for reducing the pressure in the lubricator to atmospheric pressure.

3.21. To carry out cable work on flowing and gas lift wells near the wellhead, a working site must be prepared that meets the requirements of the "Safety Rules in the Oil and Gas Industry", and all work related to the change of cable tools and devices must be carried out only using a mounting mast or other auxiliary load-lifting mechanism.

3.22. All work related to the repair of equipment and its maintenance in the gas distribution battery room must be carried out only with the ventilation system in operation.

Work to change equipment under pressure is prohibited.

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