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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection during the overhaul and current repair of wells. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General provisions 1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have been trained and tested on the safe conduct of work during the overhaul and current repairs of wells are allowed to repair wells. When repairing wells whose products contain hydrogen sulfide, maintenance personnel must be trained and tested in accordance with the requirements set forth in the "Safety Rules in the Oil and Gas Industry", as well as those who have undergone special training at the enterprise's training center. 1.2. Works on repair of wells should be carried out by a specialized team according to a plan approved by the management of the enterprise. The plan must provide for all types of work performed and technical means to ensure safety and environmental protection. 1.3. Before carrying out repair work, the area around the well should be planned taking into account the arrangement of equipment and freed from foreign objects, and in winter it should be cleared of snow and ice. 1.4. Sites for the installation of mobile lifting units should be constructed taking into account the soil, the type of units, the nature of the work performed and located on the windward side, taking into account the wind rose. 1.5. Workplaces should be equipped with posters, safety signs, warning signs. 1.6. Well workover crews must be provided with equipment and tools in accordance with the list approved by the enterprise. 1.7. Illumination of workplaces must comply with the standards. 1.8. The content of oil vapors and gases in the air of the working area should not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) in accordance with GOST 12.1.005-88 (limiting hydrocarbons C1 - C10 in terms of C - 300 mg / m1, hydrogen sulfide mixed with hydrocarbons C5 - C3 - XNUMX mg/mXNUMX). 1.9. The administration of the enterprise, on the basis of this Instruction, must develop and approve, in the prescribed manner, production instructions for the personnel of the brigade. 2. Requirements for equipment and fixtures 2.1. The equipment must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.2.003-91 and section 1.5 of the Safety Rules in the oil and gas industry. 2.2. Safety requirements for the operation of equipment must be established in the operational documents. 2.3. Equipment, mechanisms and instrumentation must have a manufacturer's passport, in which data on their operation and repair are entered. 2.4. The technical condition of lifting mechanisms (winch, traveling block, crown - block), lifting devices and devices (slings, elevators, mechanisms for screwing and unscrewing pipes and rods), as well as ropes must meet the requirements of the relevant GOST, TU. 2.5. All open components of the mechanisms must have guards. 2.6. Mobile units for maintenance and workover of wells should be equipped with mechanisms for screwing and unscrewing pipes and rods and small-sized preventers. 2.7. Units must be equipped with light or sound alarms. 2.8. The controls for tripping and lifting operations of the unit should be concentrated on an independent console, equipped with the necessary instrumentation, located in a safe place, providing visibility of the tower, mast, hydraulic jacks, winches and other mechanisms installed on the unit. The glass of the driver's cab of the unit must be equipped with a wiper. 2.9. The unit (hoist) must have a system for limiting the lifting of the traveling block, lighting of the tower, working platform and walkways, made in an explosive design, as well as a hydraulic or pneumatic amplification system for controlling the friction clutch for turning on the winch drum, boosting the brake, and switching speeds. 2.10. Elevator gates must be equipped with safety devices to prevent self-opening. 2.11. Power supply equipment must be provided with socket outlets and the possibility of connection to a common grounding system. 3. Requirements for preparatory work, when moving 3.1. Before moving to the well, the foreman is obliged to check the route of movement, determine dangerous sections of the route, appoint a person responsible for movement along the intended route and, if necessary, take measures to clear snow or irregularities. 3.2. Before moving, all withdrawable parts of the unit must be installed in the transport position and secured. 3.3. Crossing frozen reservoirs is allowed only if there are road signs indicating the direction of the path, allowing the types of transport and speed of movement to be crossed, in the absence of fog, snowfall, snowfall. 3.4. Driving on virgin snow is allowed only along the route specified and marked with signs. 3.5. When driving on roads (highways), one should be guided by the requirements of the Rules of the Road. 3.6. Before installing the unit, the foreman is obliged to check the technical condition of the unit, paying special attention to the condition of the mast, traveling system, anchor, signaling, devices for laying equipment and pipes, fastening of pull ropes and the presence of protective fences. 3.7. When installing the unit on the well, it should be provided for its position, which will provide convenient control of it, as well as monitoring the operation of the traveling system and those working at the wellhead. 3.8. The tower (mast) should be centered relative to the wellhead. The traveling system must be equipped with a weight indicator, which is checked and calibrated before starting work. 3.9. Racks for pipes, rods and other equipment must be installed with a slope not exceeding 1:25. 3.10. The cutting of steel ropes should be carried out only using special devices, in the presence of goggles. 3.11. During the current workover of wells, before disassembling the reinforcement, it is necessary:
In all cases, after shutting down the well, it is necessary to make sure that formation fluid does not enter the well. 3.12. During a well workover, before disassembling the valves, it is necessary to fill the well with a killing fluid and make sure that there is no reservoir fluid entering the well. 3.13. Before repairing a well equipped with a pumping unit, the cranks and counterweights must be fixed with a brake in the lower position, while the balancer head is at the top dead center and, depending on its design, the latter must be folded onto the balancer or turned to the side for free play traveling block of the repair unit. All manipulations with the preparation of the rocking machine for repair at the well should be carried out by technical means that exclude the lifting of the worker onto the balancer. 3.14. Before repairing a well equipped with a submersible electric pump unit, the power cable must be de-energized and disconnected from the power supply system, the reliability of fastening and the operability of the pull cable roller must be checked. 3.15. The discharge pipeline of the killing line shall be tested with liquid for strength and tightness at a pressure equal to one and a half times the expected pressure. The detected defects are eliminated only after the pressure in the well piping is reduced to atmospheric. 3.16. During the period of descent and retrieval of pipes and downhole equipment, all wellhead valves and the valve on the landing site of the wellhead sealing should be fully open. 4. Requirements for tripping operations 4.1. When using a mechanism for making up pipes and rods, the wellhead flange of the well should be located at a height of 0,5 m from the floor of the working platform. 4.2. It is forbidden to use any rods attached to the traveling block and to the running or fixed string of the traveling rope in order to prevent its twisting. 4.3. The wellhead, during the repair of which blowouts are possible, must be equipped with blowout control equipment (preventer). 4.4. The rod, pipe and locking keys of the mechanism for screwing and unscrewing pipes and rods must be installed on the rods or pipes and removed from them only after the mechanism has completely stopped. 4.5. When unscrewing the polished rod and connecting it to the rods, the wellhead gland must be attached to the rod elevator. 4.6. In the event of a rod pump plunger jamming, the pump rods should only be unscrewed with a safety allen key. 4.7. It is forbidden to have elevators on the working site during round trips that do not correspond to the diameter of the pipes and rods being lifted (lowered). 4.8. Before starting tripping operations, check the efficiency of the elevator lock. The use of an elevator with a faulty lock is prohibited. 4.9. For screwing and unscrewing the rods with mechanical wrenches, it is prohibited to use a wedge hanger. 4.10. The unscrewed pipe should only be lifted after the nipple has disengaged from the coupling thread. 4.11. When lifting pipes and rods, a sharp transition from one lifting speed to another and exceeding the permissible loads for a given size of pipes and rods is not allowed. 4.12. When lowering and lifting operations, the winch of the hoist should be turned on and off only at the signal of the operator. 4.13. When lifting (lowering) pipes and rods, it is forbidden to leave the traveling block suspended during breaks in work, regardless of their duration. 4.14. If during tripping operations gas release, intensive overflow or liquid withdrawal are observed, then tripping operations should be stopped, the wellhead should be sealed and the well should be re-killed. 4.15. The speed of lifting and lowering tubing with a closed internal channel should not exceed 0,25 m/s. 4.16. In the process of lifting downhole equipment, the load on the hook of the lifting unit should not exceed the weight of the tool by more than 20%. 4.17. It is not allowed to strike the pipe coupling in order to loosen the threaded connection before unscrewing the pipes. 4.18. When laying pipes on walkways, their free threaded end must be protected by a safety ring and mounted on a slide (trolley, tray). 4.19. When lifting liquid pipes, use a device to prevent liquid from spilling onto the platform. The fluid flowing out of the lifted pipes should be directed to a special container, and the killing fluid should be constantly topped up into the annulus. 4.20. During breaks in work during round-trip operations, the wellhead must be sealed. 4.21. Work on lowering and lifting equipment from the well at a wind speed of 11 m/s or more, during a rainstorm, heavy snowfall and visibility less than 50 m is prohibited. 4.22. At the beginning of the rise of the lift column, strictly follow the indication of the weight indicator. If the load exceeds the weight of the downhole equipment, it is necessary to return the tubing string to its original position and check the position of the collet grip of the lock - disconnector of the tubing string. Lifting of downhole equipment is allowed only after full confidence that the string disconnector lock is not engaged with the packer equipment. 4.23. The dismantling of the wellhead equipment of wells operated by mechanized method, equipped with downhole shut-off valves, is carried out only after the complete cessation of gas release from the annulus of the well and checking the position of the liquid level in the well (the position of the level must be unchanged). 4.24. Works to eliminate oil and gas emissions are carried out in strict accordance with the current rules. Work plans are coordinated by the paramilitary unit to prevent the occurrence of liquidation of open gas and oil fountains and are approved by the chief engineer of the oil and gas producing enterprise. 5. Requirements when working with saline solutions 5.1. When working with saline solutions, especially when preparing them, hygiene rules must be observed. Salt solutions based on chlorides and bromides are non-toxic, but with prolonged exposure to the skin can cause irritation. 5.2. Working personnel associated with packaging and preparation of solutions must be provided with protective equipment. 5.3. In case of contact with the skin, it is necessary to wash with soap and water, after which it is desirable to dry the skin and lubricate it with fish oil or a mixture of lanolin and petroleum jelly. 5.4. If the solutions and reagents used get into the eyes, immediately rinse with water for at least 15 minutes, then drip fish oil and then a 30% solution of albucid. In case of discomfort, consult an ophthalmologist. 5.5. The clothes doused with a working solution of reagents, the composition must be removed to prevent skin irritation and washed in hot water with soap. 5.6. In order to protect the environment, the residues of used chemicals and solutions generated during washing of contaminated equipment, well washing, changing the solution, etc. should be disposed of in specially designated places: containers or barns, burial sites. 5.7. It is strictly forbidden to pump used chemical reagents into oil-gathering collectors, their discharge onto the soil, into rivers or water bodies. 6. Requirements for complex and fishing operations 6.1. Difficult and fishing operations in the well should be carried out according to an approved plan under the direct supervision of an engineer or complex work foreman and with the participation of a well workover foreman. 6.2. Before carrying out complex, fishing and other work associated with the application of increased loads on lifting equipment, it is necessary to inspect its traveling system and winch brakes. The weight indicator must be tared. 6.3. The members of the brigade must be additionally instructed on the safe conduct of the planned work before the liquidation of the accident. 6.4. During the production of work associated with increased loads, workers, with the exception of those working at the control panel, must be removed to a safe place. 6.5. Loads on the hook of the lifting unit must not exceed the lifting capacity of the installed equipment. If it is necessary to create forces that exceed the permissible technical capabilities of the lifting unit, work may only be carried out with hydraulic jacks. 6.6. Simultaneous stretching of pipes using jacks and a winch is strictly prohibited. 6.7. It is forbidden to repair the fishing tool above the wellhead. 7. Electrical safety 7.1. On the electrical panel of the well, sockets should be provided for connecting the electrical equipment of the units and the amenity premises of the repair team. 7.2. The mobile switchgear (RU) is installed at a distance of at least 25 m from the wellhead at the preparatory site. 7.3. Measurement of the insulation resistance of any part of the electrical installation can only be carried out after the complete removal of the voltage. 7.4. Before starting work with a megohmmeter, it is necessary to make sure that there are no people associated with maintenance and work on the parts of the electrical installation to which the megohmmeter is connected. 7.5. When servicing electrical equipment, maintenance personnel should use dielectric gloves as the main protective tool. Dielectric boots should be used as an additional protective measure. 7.6. Measurement work with a megohmmeter and removal of residual charge should be carried out in dielectric gloves. Application. List of documentation required at the well during workover 1. Geological and technical plan. 2. The act of accepting the well for a major overhaul. 3. Schematic of wellhead piping. 4. Starting certificate of readiness of the well for repair. Acts of pressure testing of the flare and feed lines. 6. Acts of pressure testing of the preventer. 7. Acts of pressure testing of check valves. 8. Calibration table for GIV. 9. Journal of inspection of equipment, tools and safety equipment. 10. Shift log of the brigade. 11. Safety check log. 12. Safety instructions for the types of work and professions for members of the brigade, fire safety and first aid for victims. 13. Safety certificates. 14. Plan for the elimination of possible oil and gas manifestations during the overhaul of wells. 15. Schedules for trial training on the "ejection" signal and a log of the results of training alarms. 16. Act on the delivery of a well from a major overhaul into operation. 17. The list of necessary equipment, tools and fixtures for a well workover, approved by the management of the enterprise.
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