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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection when working with impact on the bottomhole zone of wells. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General provisions 1.1. Works related to the impact on the bottomhole zone of the well include:
1.2. This Instruction contains safety requirements for the design of the main and auxiliary equipment and the technology for influencing the bottomhole zone of a well using various methods and reagents. For issues not covered by this Instruction, you should be guided by the relevant rules. 1.3. Work related to the impact on the bottomhole zone of wells is allowed for persons who have been trained and tested on the safe conduct of work when impacting the bottomhole zone of wells. 1.4. Works on the injection of gas, liquid, chemical and other agents into the well are carried out in accordance with the project and plan approved by the oil and gas producing enterprise. The plan should indicate the order of preparatory work, the layout of units and equipment, the technology of the process, safety measures, and the responsible work manager. The document must contain a plan for the elimination of possible accidents, which is agreed and approved in the prescribed manner. 1.5. Before carrying out repair work, the area around the well should be planned taking into account the arrangement of equipment and freed from foreign objects, and in winter it should be cleared of snow and ice. 1.6. Sites for the installation of mobile lifting units should be constructed taking into account the soil, the type of units, the nature of the work performed and located on the windward side, taking into account the wind rose. 1.7. The injection system after assembly before the start of the supply of the working fluid must be checked for the possibility of free movement of fluids, pressure tested for one and a half times the working pressure. Heating of all elements, components and parts of the hydraulic system with open fire is prohibited. 1.8. During hydraulic testing of equipment and the injection system, the operating personnel must be removed outside the danger zone. 1.9. When carrying out work related to the impact on the formation of a working agent, the pressure of which may be higher than the allowable for the production string, the annulus should be isolated by installing a packer and an anchor. 1.10. The area around the well should be cleared and prepared for the placement of process equipment, units, laying communications and ensuring free movement of maintenance personnel. Fire-fighting equipment and inventory must be checked and put on alert. 1.11. Before carrying out a technological operation on wells equipped with pumping machines, it is necessary to set the balancer of the pumping machine to a position in which it is possible to freely equip the wellhead with technological equipment and piping it. Turn off the electrical equipment, slow down the gearbox of the machine - rocking chairs. 1.12. Before the start of stimulation works, after lowering downhole equipment and installation of wellhead fittings, the traveling block must be lowered to the floor of the working platform and set aside from the wellhead. 1.13. Work to eliminate defects, malfunctions and gaps under pressure is prohibited. 1.14. Before starting the technological process with the use of mobile units, the work manager is obliged to make sure that there is a two-way communication with the drivers of the units and technological installations. 1.15. It is prohibited to carry out work on the impact on the bottomhole zone in wells with defective columns and in the presence of behind-the-casing flows. 1.16. The area around the well within a radius of 50 m must be marked with safety signs in accordance with the requirements of GOST and freed from foreign objects and equipment not involved in the process. 1.17. Pumping and other technological units must be located at least 10 m from the wellhead, the distance between them must be at least 1 m. Compressor and steam injection units must be removed 25 m from the wellhead. 1.18. At all facilities (wells, pipelines, metering installations, tanks), the formation of explosive mixtures is not allowed. 1.19. To determine the concentration of harmful vapors and gases, the team must be provided with gas analyzers (type MCA 361). 2. Hardware Requirements 2.1. The equipment must comply with the requirements of GOST and the Safety Rules in the oil and gas industry. 2.2. Safety requirements for the operation of equipment must be established in the operational documents, and for the repair of equipment - in the repair documents. 2.3. The pressure header of the manifold block must be equipped with sensors of control and measuring instruments with their readings output to the control panel and safety valves with product discharge to the pump intake, discharge pipelines - with check valves. 2.4. Wellhead universal fittings for injection of process fluids and other agents into the well must have:
2.5. The pumping unit must be controlled from a special console equipped with instrumentation and means for recording flow and pressure. 2.6. The discharge from the pump safety device must be closed by a casing and brought to the pump intake. 2.7. The exhaust pipes of internal combustion engines of power plants must be equipped with silencers and exhaust gas neutralizers. In the absence of converters, the exhaust pipes must be led to a height of at least 2 m from the platform of the unit. 2.8. Pumping, compressor units and heat generating installations must be equipped with equipment and safety devices that provide damping of vibrations and water hammer. Vibration at workplaces should not exceed the maximum permissible values. 2.9. Permissible maximum vibration amplitudes of the main pipelines and inter-unit pipelines and apparatuses are 0,20 mm at a frequency of up to 40 Hz. 2.10. The sound level at workplaces during long-term continuous operation of units and compressors should not exceed 85 dB. 2.11. Equipment, mechanisms and instrumentation must have a manufacturer's passport, in which data on their operation and repair are entered. It is forbidden to operate the equipment at loads and pressures exceeding those allowed by the passport. All used load-lifting machines, mechanisms and pressure vessels must have clear inscriptions about their limiting technical parameters and the period of the next inspection (test). 2.12. Mobile units and technological installations must be equipped with two-way intercom communication devices with the drivers of the units and technological installations involved in the technological process. 2.13. A safety valve must be installed on the boiler of a mobile steam plant, and a check valve and a safety valve must be installed in series at the outlet of the steam pipeline in front of the boiler. The outlet from the safety valves must be brought under the floor of the installation. 2.14. Parts and surfaces of process equipment (pumps, valves, pipelines, tanks, tanks, etc.) in contact with aggressive media must have a corrosion-resistant coating or be made of corrosion-resistant material. 2.15. Parts and surfaces of technological units and installations in contact with liquids containing abrasive inclusions must be made or hardened to ensure high wear resistance. 2.16. Electric heaters and furnaces of technological installations must be equipped with devices that automatically turn off the supply of electricity or fuel in the absence of a heated medium. 2.17. Installations intended for heating the coolant must be equipped with devices for monitoring and regulating the processes of preparing and pumping the coolant and regulating its parameters within the specified limits. 2.18. The shut-off valves of a well equipped for steam or hot water injection must be controlled remotely. Flange connections must be closed with casings, and supply pipelines must be equipped with temperature compensators. 2.19. Electrical equipment used in installations for heating oil products must be explosion-proof. 2.20. Wellhead equipment for bottomhole treatment with foam systems should provide sealing of the wellhead during lowering and raising tubing and rods. 2.21. The aerator and stackable tubing must be equipped with check valves. When working with carbon dioxide, equipment and pipelines must be protected from corrosion or made of corrosion-resistant materials. 3. Technology of work 3.1. Hydraulic fracturing 3.1.1. During the period of injection of process agents into the well and their pressure into the reservoir, the presence of people at the wellhead and injection pipelines is prohibited. Starting up the units is allowed only after the removal of people who are not directly involved in the work at the units, outside the danger zone. 3.1.2. At the place of work related to the injection of aggressive chemicals (hydrochloric, sulfuric, hydrofluoric, fluoric acids), there should be:
3.1.3. Chemical residues should be collected and taken to a designated area equipped for disposal or destruction. 3.1.4. The thermoreactor should be loaded with magnesium immediately before it is lowered into the well. 3.1.5. A thermoreactor loaded with magnesium, tanks and places of work with magnesium must be located at a distance of at least 10 m from injection pipelines and tanks with acids. 3.1.6. When purging a well or a section of an injection pipeline, it is not allowed to be closer than 20 m from an open discharge. 3.1.7. When working with carbon dioxide, it is necessary to constantly monitor the air environment of the working area. If the content of carbon dioxide in the indoor air is higher than the MPC (0,5 vol.%) and the tightness of the carbon dioxide distribution and collection system is compromised, the work should be stopped and measures should be taken to eliminate leaks. 3.2. Heat treatment 3.2.1. Heat treatment of the bottomhole zone of the well should be carried out after the installation of a heat-resistant packer and the pressure in the annulus should not be allowed to rise above the allowable for the production string. 3.2.2. The branch from the annulus must be taken to the side, free from the presence of people and equipment. 3.2.3. When pumping coolants, if the well is equipped with a packer, the valve on the outlet from the annulus must be open, and the tubing string must be equipped with a compensator. 3.2.4. An installation for heating an oil product should be located at a distance of 25 m from a tank with a hot oil product, if it is not a single installation. 3.2.5. The tank (unit) with hot oil product should be installed from the wellhead on the leeward side at a distance of at least 10 m. 3.2.6. The work plan must provide for fire-fighting measures to ensure the safety of maintenance personnel. 3.2.7. Assembly and testing of the downhole electric heater must be carried out by electrical personnel in the electrical shop. All work related to the repair and performance testing of the electric heater is prohibited in the field. 3.2.8. Tripping operations associated with the electric heater in the well should be carried out at a sealed wellhead under the supervision of electrical personnel. 3.2.9. It is allowed to connect the network cable to the starting equipment of the electric heater only after all the preparatory work in the well has been completed, the cable-cable is connected to the transformer, the electrical equipment has been grounded and people have been removed from the wellhead. 3.3. Thermal gas chemical impact (TGKhV) 3.3.1. Powder charges (powder pressure generators or pressure accumulators) for complex treatment of the bottomhole zone of the well must be stored in steel boxes, locked, while the fuses and charges must be stored separately and outside the fire zone. It is forbidden to leave charges in open boxes. 3.3.2. Powder charge boxes should be stored in a locked room. The room should be 50 m away from fire hazardous objects and places of permanent residence of people. 3.3.3. Powder garlands (accumulators) of pressure should be installed in the holder of the descent garland only before it is entered into the lubricator. 3.3.4. The garland of powder charges is placed in the lubricator only when the central valve valve is closed. The work must be done by two workers. When opening the central valve, the garland should not touch its plate. 3.3.5. Connecting the cable - cable to the transformer is allowed only after the charges are lowered into the well to a given depth, the wellhead is completely sealed and people are removed from the wellhead at a distance of 50 m. Further work must be carried out in strict compliance with the safety regulations associated with electrical work. The supply of an electrical impulse to the cable - cable is carried out only at the command of the responsible work manager. 3.4. Processing with foam systems 3.4.1. Treatment with foam systems is allowed only in wells that take products from reservoirs with a pressure below hydrostatic pressure by 40 percent or more, and in the production of which there is no hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. 3.4.2. Before removing the wellhead equipment, the well must be stopped, held until the complete cessation of gas release from the annulus. 3.4.3. Work on lifting equipment and lowering it into the well should be carried out with continuous monitoring of the behavior of the well. In case of any manifestations (gas release from the well or liquid overflow), the wellhead must be sealed (close the preventer or install wellhead fittings). 3.4.4. Before the tubing is lowered into the well for bottomhole treatment, the wellhead is equipped with a stuffing box, and the tubing (after lowering to a predetermined depth) is equipped with a check valve and instrumentation. 3.4.5. Lifting of pipes and dismantling of wellhead equipment is possible only after the gas (air) release from the annulus has ceased. 3.5. Impact on the bottomhole formation zone by an inhibited viscoelastic composition 3.5.1. The technological process of well treatment with an inhibited viscoelastic composition (IVUS) is carried out using standard equipment, in full compliance with the current safety rules and regulations for current and major workover of the well and treatment of the bottomhole zone of the well. 3.5.2. To work on the preparation of aqueous solutions of the LPE-11 bactericide and their injection into the well, persons are allowed at least 18 years old who have passed a medical examination, safety briefing and work performance rules. 3.5.3. When preparing IVUS, workers must be provided with overalls made of dense cotton fabric, rubber aprons, and rubber gloves. LPE-11 operating during unloading and loading should be located on the windward side. 3.5.4. Potassium (sodium) dichromate, potassium (sodium) chromium peak, is the most dangerous of the reagents used. Technical potassium bichromate (GOST 2652-78E) is fire and explosion-proof, toxic. According to the degree of action on the human body, potassium bichromate belongs to the harmful substances of the 1st hazard class. The maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of potassium dichromate in terms of chromium oxide CrO3 in the air of the working environment is 0,01 mg / cu. m, in the atmosphere of populated areas - 0,015 mg / cu. m. 3.5.5. Production and laboratory premises in which work with potassium bichromate is carried out must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. 3.5.6. Personnel associated with the packaging and preparation of the chromic solution should be provided with special alkali-resistant clothing, footwear, hand protection in accordance with GOST 12.4.103-83 (clothing made of dense fabric, rubber aprons, rubber gloves). Respirators should be used to protect the respiratory system, goggles should be used to protect the face and eyes. 3.5.7. When loading and unloading potassium bichromate, contact with the skin and eyes should be avoided. 3.5.8. In case of contact with the skin of potassium dichromate, it is necessary to thoroughly wash the skin with soap and water, then dry the skin with a towel and grease with fish oil or a mixture of lanolin and petroleum jelly. 3.5.9. If the solutions or reagents used get into the eyes, immediately rinse them with water (at least 15 minutes), then drip fish oil and a 30% solution of albucid, repeat the procedure after 2 hours; urgently need to see a doctor - ophthalmologist. 3.5.10. The clothes doused with a working solution of reagents, the composition must be removed to prevent skin irritation and washed in hot water with soap. 3.5.11. The injection of compounds and reagents into the well is started only at the signal of the work supervisor. 3.5.12. When spilling solutions containing chromium peak, they must be neutralized with alkali, mixed with soil and taken to the designated place. 3.5.13. Frozen liquid components must be heated with steam or special heaters. The use of open fire for these purposes is prohibited. 3.5.14. The components of the working compositions are transported and stored in hermetically sealed containers or original packaging. 3.5.15. In order to protect the environment, the remnants of the used chemicals and solutions formed during the washing of contaminated equipment, flushing the well, etc., should be disposed of in specially designated areas. 3.5.16. The pumping of used chemical reagents into oil-gathering collectors, their discharge onto the surface of the soil, rivers and reservoirs is strictly prohibited. 4. Final work 4.1. After the technological operation is completed, the well, technological pipelines, pumping equipment must be flushed with an inert liquid, a volume sufficient to remove harmful substances. The collection of liquid after washing should be carried out in a collection container. Liquid spills are unacceptable. 4.2. Before dismantling the equipment and disassembling process pipelines, the pressure in the system must be reduced to atmospheric pressure. 4.3. After the completion of the dismantling works, the site where the technical facilities were located must be freed from the equipment, spills of the process liquid must be eliminated.
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