Labor protection instruction for non-electrotechnical personnel

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Instructions on labor protection for non-electrotechnical personnel. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. Requirements for personnel

Group I on electrical safety is assigned after passing the briefing on electrical safety to persons who do not have special electrical training, but who have an elementary idea of the danger of electric current and safety measures. Persons with group I should be familiar with the rules for providing first aid to victims of electric current.

2. The action of electric current

Electric current passing through the human body can affect certain parts of the body in the form of burns and metallization of the skin or affect the nervous system and muscles, resulting in muscle cramps, respiratory arrest, fibrillation (random twitching of the heart muscle) and cardiac arrest, which in turn, can lead to death.

The effect of electric current on different people depends on a number of conditions. Thus, the resistance of the human body is significantly reduced when it works in conditions of high humidity and high temperatures (over +30 C), when a person is sweaty, when the skin and clothes are contaminated with metal dust or moistened, when a person is tired, upset, irritated, or intoxicated. condition. It is especially dangerous to get under voltage, people suffering from nervous and heart diseases, as they have an extremely low resistance to electric current.

Balanced people, with a healthy heart and nervous system, a dry, clean body, and also in a sober state, have a greater resistance to current.

The resistance of dry intact human skin can be up to 80 ohms, the resistance of internal organs is 000 - 800 ohms, so the calculated human resistance to electric current is assumed to be 1000 ohms. (1000 kOhm).

An alternating current with a power of not more than 0,05 A can be considered safe for the human body. A current with a power of more than 0,05 - 0,1 A is dangerous and can be fatal.

A safe voltage for a person is a voltage of up to 42 V under normal conditions and up to 12 V in conditions of increased danger (dampness, high temperature, metal floors, etc.).

According to the presence of conditions for electric shock to people, production facilities are divided into three categories: especially dangerous, with increased danger and without increased danger. Particularly dangerous premises are characterized by the presence of two or more signs at the same time: high humidity, high temperature (more than 30 ° C), conductive dust, conductive floors, walls, etc. Premises with increased danger are characterized by one of the above signs. In rooms without increased danger, these signs are absent.

Electric shock to a person is possible in the following cases:

a) when a person has touched structures under voltage, or one conductor of electric current, and he himself is standing on the ground or a conductive structure;

b) when a person touches two conductors of electric current with his hands or other parts of the body at the same time, regardless of whether he is standing on a conductive structure. Touching live parts that are energized causes convulsive contraction of the muscles, as a result of which the fingers of the victim holding the wire with his hands can be compressed so strongly that it becomes impossible to release the wire from his hands.

All electrical equipment and electrical receivers, metal cases of circuit breakers and distribution points, boxes must have reliable protective grounding.

Current-carrying parts of electrical equipment, circuit breakers, switchboards must have a reliable casing and doors that do not have open holes, slots and are closed with a locking device.

It is STRICTLY FORBIDDEN for all employees to replace burnt-out electric lamps, fusible links and other elements of electrical wiring and electrical equipment, as well as to try to fix the malfunction of electrical receivers on their own.

3. First aid to the victim of electric current

The outcome of an electric shock to a person depends on how quickly the victim was released from the action of the electric current and on whether he was provided with first aid in a timely and correct manner.

Release the victim from the action of electric current by turning off the switching device (knife switch, circuit breaker, switch). When releasing the victim from the action of electric current, it is necessary to use rubber gloves, use dry boards, rubber mats. The release of the victim at a height from the action of electric current must be carried out, in addition, with the use of measures to prevent the victim from falling when the voltage is removed. The release of the victim from the action of electric current should be carried out by turning off the voltage in the network, removing the current-carrying wire from the victim, cutting (chopping) the current-carrying wire and in other ways.

Call a doctor by phone or send to alert other nearby citizens.

Lay the victim on their back. Check for pulse and respiration. If the victim is unconscious, but breathing is preserved, lay him down, unbutton his clothes, give him a sniff of ammonia. If the victim is not breathing, but has a pulse, immediately perform artificial respiration, for which:

remove tight clothing;
open and clear the mouth of mucus and vomiting;
lay the victim on his back on a flat, hard surface;
kneel at the head of the victim, open his mouth and, throwing his head back as much as possible, perform artificial respiration in the mouth-to-mouth method, while tightly closing his nose, making 10-15 blows per minute.

In case of cardiac arrest, conduct an indirect heart massage.

To do this, stand on the side of the victim, feel the lower soft end of his sternum and put the lower part of the palm of one hand 3-4 cm above this place, place the other hand on top of it at a right angle, while making sharp, rhythmic pressure with both hands on the lower part sternum. The deflection of the sternum should reach 3-4 cm, the frequency of 60-70 pressures per minute.

REMEMBER! First aid to the victim must be provided before the arrival of a doctor or the appearance of signs of life in the victim.

If it is impossible to call a doctor to the scene of the incident, it is necessary to ensure the transportation of the victim to the nearest medical institution.

It is possible to transport the victim only with satisfactory breathing and a steady pulse. If the condition of the victim does not allow him to be transported, it is necessary to continue to provide assistance.

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