Hygienic assessment of the conditions and nature of work. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Hygienic assessment of the conditions and nature of work. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

In accordance with the "Regulations on the procedure for certification of workplaces" Jobs are evaluated according to three main criteria:

hygienic assessment of existing conditions and nature of work; assessment of safety of workplaces;
accounting and assessment of the provision of employees with means of individual (collective) protection, training, etc.

Safety rated 1st, 2nd or 3rd class (no degree of danger).

Hygienic assessment of existing conditions and nature of work produced on the basis of instrumental measurements of physical, chemical, biological and psychophysiological factors. The classification of these factors is given in GOST 12.0.003 SSBT. The list of harmful production factors (with codes) given in the "Regulations on the procedure for attestation of workplaces" is used preliminary in determining certain factors inherent in a particular workplace. After measurements, the class of working conditions at the workplace is determined. The most time-consuming work is the definition of the class of working conditions in terms of the severity of the labor process and labor intensity.

Main indicators severity of the labor process are:

dynamic physical activity;
the mass of the load lifted and moved manually;
stereotyped labor movements;
static physical activity;
working posture;
body slopes; movement in space.

Each of these factors of the labor process is determined according to the methodology set out in the above manual R.2.2.755-99.

A general assessment of the severity of the labor process is made on the basis of all the above indicators. At the same time, a class is first established and entered into the protocol for each measured indicator, and the final assessment of the severity of labor is established according to the most sensitive indicator assigned to the highest class. If there are two or more indicators of class 3.1 and 3.2, the overall score is set one degree higher.

To the main indicators tension of the labor process relate:

loads of an intellectual nature (the degree of complexity of the work performed, the perception of information, the number and complexity of functions, responsibility for the final result);
sensory loads (duration of concentrated observation, quality of perceived and transmitted signals, number of objects of observation, etc.);
emotional stress (the degree of responsibility, risk to one's own life and the safety of others);
monotony of loads (the number of techniques performed and the duration of their implementation, the time of active actions during the shift, etc.);
mode of operation (number and duration of shifts, regulated breaks, etc.).

The assessment of the intensity of the labor process of a professional group of workers is based on an analysis of labor activity and its structure, which are studied by chronometric observations in the dynamics of the entire working day for at least one week. The analysis is based on taking into account the whole complex of production factors (stimuli, irritants) that create the prerequisites for the emergence of adverse neuro-emotional states (overstrain). All factors (indicators) of the labor process have a qualitative or quantitative expression and are grouped according to the types of loads: intellectual, sensory, emotional, monotonous, regime. Regardless of professional affiliation (profession), all 22 indicators are taken into account. It is not allowed to selectively take into account any individual indicators for a general assessment of labor intensity.

For each of the indicators, its own class of working conditions is determined separately. If any of the indicators is not presented due to the nature or characteristics of professional activity, the 1st class (optimal) is assigned to this indicator.

The final definition of the optimal, acceptable and harmful classes of working conditions is based on the number of indicators that have one or another class. The overall assessment of working conditions in terms of the degree of harmfulness and danger is established according to the highest class and degree of harmfulness. If three or more factors belong to class 3.1, then the overall assessment of working conditions corresponds to class 3.2. In the presence of two or more factors of classes 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, working conditions are rated one degree higher, respectively.

With a reduction in contact with harmful factors (time protection), working conditions can be assessed as less harmful, but not lower than class 3.1.

Authors: Volkhin S.N., Petrova S.P., Petrov V.P.

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