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Processor based on superconductors

06.01.2021

Researchers at Yokohama National University in Japan have developed a prototype microprocessor using superconducting components that are about 80 times more energy efficient than the current semiconductor devices traditionally used in today's microprocessors. The development could help reduce the consumption of data centers and network infrastructure, which will soon require up to half of human energy.

It is believed that today telecommunications and data centers consume about 10% of the electricity generated by mankind. If nothing is changed in chip production technologies, then in ten years, according to experts, the information and telecommunications industry will consume up to half of all generated energy (and someone fears that electric vehicles will become a problem for power engineers). The trouble is that the operation of a modern electronic base is still accompanied by huge losses due to the generated heat, leaks and careless programmers.

Japanese developers decided to deal with the problem at the root. Since modern processors and architectures are inefficient, then you need to start all over again and even abandon the transistor. Scientists from Japan propose to replace this element with an element invented in this country about 70 years ago - this is a parametron that switches from state 0 to state 1 due to a change in the phase of the internal frequency, which it itself supports. In the fifties of the last century in Japan, parametrons came to replace the vacuum tube in the computer, until the world was conquered by simpler and more reliable semiconductor transistors.

Unlike a transistor, a parametron is not afraid of ultra-low temperatures, because it works on other principles. At NEC, for example, quantum computers are created on parametrons. At the same time, scientists from the Yokohama National University used the parametron as a basic element for the usual classical or almost classical computing architecture. The first experimental product of scientists was a 4-bit microprocessor, which proved its ability to execute commands and store data.

The new digital structure is named Adiabatic Quantum Flow Parameter (AQFP) and the processor is named MANA (Monolithic Adiabatic iNtegration Architecture). This microprocessor operates when cooled to a temperature of 4,2K or -269 °C. According to scientists, even taking into account the cost of cooling, this microprocessor shows an 80-fold superiority in the efficiency of calculations over modern semiconductor circuits.

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The converters feature ultra-low leakage current (less than 5 µA), reinforced isolation between input and output of 4 kV (AC), and a 2:1 input width. The models have protection against short circuit, overload and low input voltage.

The transducers can be used in medical devices and systems such as oxygen monitoring and respiratory diagnostic devices, CT scanners, oral care devices, medical mobile stations and other devices that allow contact with the patient.

Main technical parameters:

Output power, W......15 (MDS15), 20 (MDS20)
Диапазон Uвх, В......9...18/18...36/36...75
U out, V ...... 5/12/15/24
Email insulation strength "input-output", V ...... 4000 (AC)
Leakage current, μA......<5
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