Tasks of fire prevention and protection. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Tasks of fire prevention and protection. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

Main task fire prevention is to prevent fire. The problem is solved by a fire prevention system, which includes the implementation of the requirements of instructions on fire safety measures developed at enterprises and organizations, the implementation of regime (restrictive) measures and is achieved by preventing the formation of a combustible environment (or the introduction of ignition sources into it).

Another task is to extinguish the fire and ensure the safety of people and property. This is solved by the fire protection system, which in the general case is implemented by a set of technical, constructive and actual fire prevention measures.

Fire protection must be achieved using one of the following methods or a combination of them:

the use of fire extinguishing equipment and appropriate types of fire fighting equipment;
the use of automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations;
the use of basic building structures and materials, including those used for lining structures, with normalized fire hazard indicators;
the use of impregnation of structures of objects with flame retardants and the application of fire-retardant paints (compositions) on their surfaces;
devices to limit the spread of fire;
organization with the help of technical means, including automatic, timely warning and evacuation of people;
the use of means of collective and individual protection of people from dangerous fire factors;
use of fire protection equipment.

Each facility must have such a space-planning and technical design that the evacuation of workers from it is completed before the maximum permissible values of hazardous fire factors, and if evacuation is inappropriate, the protection of workers remaining in the facility is ensured.

The applied means of collective and individual protection must ensure the safety of people during the entire time of action of fire hazards. Collective protection should be provided with the help of fireproof zones and other constructive solutions. Personal protective equipment should also be used for firefighters involved in fire fighting.

The system of smoke protection of objects should provide non-smoke, temperature reduction and removal of combustion products and thermal decomposition along the evacuation routes for a time sufficient for the evacuation of people, and (or) collective protection of people and (or) protection of material assets.

At each facility, timely notification of people and (or) signaling of a fire in its initial stage by technical or organizational means should be provided.

Organizational and technical measures for fire prevention and protection should include:

certification of substances, materials, products, technological processes, buildings and structures of objects in terms of ensuring fire safety;
organization of training of employees in the rules of fire safety at work;
development and implementation of fire safety norms and rules, instructions on the procedure for handling flammable substances and materials, on compliance with the fire regime and the actions of people in the event of a fire;
development, production and use of means of visual agitation to ensure fire safety;
the procedure for storing substances and materials, the extinguishing of which is unacceptable with the same means, depending on their physico-chemical and fire hazardous properties;
rationing the number of people at the facility according to their safety in case of fire;
development of measures for the actions of personnel in the event of a fire and the organization of evacuation of people;
determination of the main types, quantity, placement and maintenance of fire equipment, ensuring effective fire extinguishing (burning).

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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