Fire conditions. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Fire conditions. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

To the fire started, combustion of combustible substances should begin.

Combustion is an oxidation reaction accompanied by the release of energy in the form of heat and light. This reaction takes place in the gas phase. Different substances have different flammability; this ability is determined, firstly, by their ability to oxidize, and secondly, to be in the gas phase (for liquids, this is the ability to evaporate, for solids, to sublimate).

The most common oxidizing agent is atmospheric oxygen, which under normal conditions is everywhere and everywhere where air penetrates. Therefore, the most important fire safety measures are measures to prevent the contact of combustible substances, especially volatile combustible liquids, with air, i.e. the formation of a combustible environment.

In order for combustion to begin, an ignition source with a certain energy is needed. Therefore, fire prevention must be achieved not only by preventing the formation of a combustible environment, but also (or) preventing the formation of sources of ignition in a combustible environment (or introduction into it). Ignition sources are divided into open fire, heat of heating elements and devices, electrical energy, energy of mechanical sparks, static electricity and lightning discharges, energy of self-heating processes of substances and materials (spontaneous combustion), etc.

In any production and in any organization, special attention should be paid to identifying existing and potential sources of ignition. The most common source of ignition is an open fire, such as during welding, or overheating of faulty electrical wiring.

In addition to ignition under the influence of external sources, spontaneous combustion is possible. Spontaneous combustion can be thermal, chemical and microbiological. Thermal spontaneous combustion is expressed in the accumulation of heat by the material, during which spontaneous combustion of materials occurs. The self-heating temperature of a substance is an indicator of fire hazard. For most combustible materials, this indicator lies in the range from 80 to 150 ° C: for paper - 100 ° C; construction felt - 80°С; pine wood - 80°С.

Chemical spontaneous combustion manifests itself immediately in fiery combustion. For organic substances, this type of spontaneous combustion occurs upon contact with acids. Note that some inorganic substances are capable of spontaneous combustion upon contact with water (for example, sodium hydrogen sulfate).

Microbiological spontaneous combustion is associated with the release of thermal energy by microorganisms in the process of life in a nutrient medium for them (hay, peat, sawdust, etc.).

Depending on the type of combustible material, fires are divided into classes: А - fires of solid combustible substances and materials; В - fires of combustible liquids or melting solids and materials; С - gas fires; D - metal fires; Е - fires of combustible substances and materials of electrical installations under voltage; F - fires of nuclear materials, radioactive waste, radioactive substances.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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