Pipeline. History of invention and production

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HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, OBJECTS AROUND US
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Pipeline. History of invention and production

The history of technology, technology, objects around us

Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us

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An oil pipeline is an engineering and technical structure of pipeline transport designed to transport oil to a consumer. There are main and field oil pipelines.

Pipeline

In the second half of the XNUMXth century, the ancient pipeline transport received a new development. The very idea of using the pipeline to transport oil and gas was remarkable. Thus, the problem of delivering oil from distant fields to oil refineries, which was extremely acute in its time, was resolved. First encountered in the US. Due to the incredibly rapid development of oil production in California, there were difficulties in transporting oil. The shallow rivers containing oil could only be served by rafts.

At one time, they tried to increase their level with the help of mountain springs. Their waters were collected in a special reservoir and once or twice a week were sent to a shallow river containing oil. Then whole caravans of barges were sent downstream, the number of which reached 500. Together they delivered 20-25, even 40 thousand barrels of oil. But this method was inconvenient and costly. It would be more economical to transport oil by rail. However, for many years it was believed that the oil sources could dry up at any moment, and therefore no railroads were laid to them. This was done only much later. At first, oil was shipped in barrels, later they began to use special tank cars for this purpose (at first wooden, and then iron).

In those same years, several engineers had the idea to use a pipeline to pump oil. However, to many this method seemed risky and difficult to implement. In 1860, engineer Kearns proposed to lay an oil pipeline with a pipe diameter of 150 mm along the Ohio River for a distance of about 50 km. This proposal was not supported by the owners of the fields. Three years later, a smaller diameter oil pipeline was built, but its pipes were not connected firmly enough, so it had to be stopped. This first oil pipeline, which functioned in practice, had a length of 6 km and passed 80 barrels of oil daily. In 1866, an oil pipeline 16 km long was built. Its designer, Charles Getch, believed that one pump was enough to pump oil along the entire length of the pipe. Many doubted that this was possible.

At first, even the idea of pumping oil for miles through mountains and ravines with a pump seemed ridiculous and ridiculous. However, Getch, not listening to idle reasoning, trusted his calculations. When the pipe was completed, he positioned himself at one end of the oil pipeline and telegraphed the engineer at the other end to turn on the pump and slowly pump the oil. The pipeline was 50 mm in diameter and could hold 180 barrels of oil. Getch waited, but no oil appeared. So several hours passed. Almost no one believed in the success of the enterprise. Finally, a slight rumble was heard. The noise got louder and louder, and suddenly oil appeared at the end of the pipe. It took her four hours to reach the receiving station. It was a historic moment.

Thus, Getsch proved that the transfer of oil through pipes over a long distance is not an empty chimera, but a technical problem that is quite feasible to solve. Up to 2000 barrels per day could be delivered through the Getcha oil pipeline. Soon other oil pipelines were laid, and their length was constantly increasing. The principle of operation of the first oil pipelines was very simple. They consisted of two main stations - receiving and delivery, between which an iron pipe was laid. Pumps were installed at the receiving station, the purpose of which was to take oil from the selective reservoirs and pump it through pipes to the reservoirs of a sufficient station.

If the distance was significant, intermediate stations with their own pumps were provided. In 1874, an oil pipeline was built from Pennsylvania to Pittsburgh. It had a pipe 100 mm in diameter and 90 km long - something colossal for that time - and passed 7500 barrels a day.

Author: Ryzhov K.V.

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