Safety requirements for the operation of lifting machines. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Safety requirements for the operation of lifting machines. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

К lifting machines and mechanisms cranes of all types, winches, hoists, towers, elevators, jacks, as well as removable load-handling devices: hooks, rope and chain slings, traverses, lifting electromagnets and vacuum grippers.

According to the Federal Law of July 21, 1997 No. 116-FZ "On the industrial safety of hazardous production facilities", permanently installed lifting mechanisms are classified as hazardous production facilities and are subject to state registration in accordance with the "Requirements for registration of objects in the state register of hazardous production facilities and to the maintenance of this register", approved by the order of Rostekhnadzor dated July 13, 2006 No. 682.

Lifting machines must meet:

1. Rules for the design and safe operation of cranes (PB 10-611-03);

2. Rules for the design and safe operation of pipe-laying cranes (PB 10-157-97), as amended. No. 1 PB 10-371(157)-00;

3. Rules for the design and safe operation of tower lifts (PB 10-256-98);

4. Rules for the design and safe operation of elevators from (PB 10-558-03), etc.

Occupational safety in lifting and moving loads largely depends on the design features of lifting and transport machines and their compliance with the rules and regulations of Rostekhnadzor. All parts, parts and accessories of lifting mechanisms in terms of manufacture, materials, welding quality, strength, design, installation, operation must comply with the relevant specifications, standards, norms and rules. When operating lifting and transporting machines, all accessible moving or rotating parts of the mechanisms should be protected. It is necessary to exclude unintended contact of workers with the transported goods and the mechanisms themselves during their movement, as well as to ensure the reliable strength of the mechanisms, auxiliary, load-handling and slinging devices.

To ensure safe operation, lifting and transport machines are equipped with means of protection, including remote control systems. For remote control of hoisting and transport machines, electric tracking systems (with a stationary control panel) and radio control (when controlled from different places) are used. The Rostekhnadzor inspection and the administration of the enterprise establish permanent supervision over the condition of lifting devices, ropes, chains, replaceable lifting devices (hooks, lifting electromagnets, etc.), removable lifting devices (slings, tongs, traverses, etc.) and containers ( containers, cats, etc.), care for them and safe operation.

Newly installed hoisting machines must be subjected to a complete technical examination before being put into operation. Lifting machines in operation must be subject to periodic technical inspection:

partial - at least once a year;
full - at least once every three years, with the exception of rarely used.

Attention! extraordinary full technical examination hoisting machine (after installation at a new location, reconstruction, change of the hook, repair of metal structures of the hoisting machine with the replacement of design elements, etc.). During a full technical examination, the hoisting machine must be subjected to inspection, static and dynamic testing. During partial technical examination, static and dynamic tests are not carried out.

The inspection is accompanied by a check of the operation of mechanisms and electrical equipment, brakes and control equipment, lighting and signaling, safety devices and regulated dimensions.

Goal static test - checking the strength of metal structures of hoisting machines and stability against overturning (for jib cranes). Static tests of cranes are carried out with a load that is 25% higher than its carrying capacity. The crane is installed above the supports of the crane tracks, and its trolley (trucks) - in the position corresponding to the greatest deflection. With a jib crane, the boom is set relative to the running platform in a position corresponding to the least stability of the crane. A hook or a device replacing it captures the load and rises to a height of 200-300 mm (with a jib crane - 100-200 mm) with subsequent holding in this position for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, the load is lowered and the presence or absence of residual deformation of the crane bridge is checked (for jib cranes, the load should not fall to the ground, cracks, deformations, etc. should not appear).

Dynamic test hoisting machines is carried out with a load that is 10% higher than the carrying capacity of the machine, and is intended to check the operation of the mechanisms of the hoisting machine and their brakes. It is allowed to perform a dynamic test with a working load. During the dynamic test, the load is repeatedly lifted and lowered.

RџSЂRё technical certification steel ropes (cables) are rejected according to the number of wire breaks over the length of one stride of the rope, taking into account their design, degree of wear or corrosion, purpose, ratio of the diameter of the block wrapped around the rope to the diameter of the latter. If a broken strand is found, the rope is not allowed to be used.

Lifting devices and containers are subject to inspection before being put into operation, and the first, in addition, are tested with a load exceeding their rated load capacity by 25%. Tested auxiliary load-handling devices are provided with tags and stamps, without which they are not allowed to be used.

Of great importance for the safety of the operation of hoisting and transport machines is the implementation basic requirements for rigging:

when roping the load, it is necessary to use special devices - eye bolts, eyes;
the center of gravity of the lifted load should be in the middle between the grips of the sling;
slinging ropes must be placed evenly on the lifted load, without knots and twists;
the slinging cable should be separated from the sharp edges and edges of the load with gaskets (boards, rubber, etc.);
interlacing of cargo ropes is not allowed;
when carrying out rigging work, operational signaling should be used.

To provide safety of operation of hoisting and transport machines apply:

limit switches, automatically disconnecting hook lifting mechanisms or crane movement mechanisms when approaching extreme positions;
end stops to prevent the transition of the movable lifting mechanisms beyond the rail tracks;
load limiters that protect the crane from overload by turning off the lifting mechanism;
devices that prevent the ropes from slipping off the hook;
buffer devices that absorb shocks when colliding with neighboring cranes and other objects;
sound and light signaling, warning about the onset of a dangerous moment during the operation of the crane;
blocking devices for automatic disconnection of unenclosed trolley wires when a person leaves the platform, stairs, gallery, from which accidental contact with trolley wires is possible;
brake and holding devices (catchers).

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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I would like you to write about the OSH requirements when working on auto (electric) cars. And such a question - are autocars classified as hazardous production facilities?

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