Safety of operation of buildings and structures. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Safety of operation of buildings and structures. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

Operational safety of industrial buildings is ensured by organizing and implementing constant monitoring of the condition of buildings, carrying out scheduled preventive repairs of buildings and structures.

The system of preventive maintenance of industrial buildings and structures is a set of organizational and technical measures for supervision, maintenance and all types of repairs carried out in an appropriate planned manner.

Industrial buildings and structures during operation should be under the systematic supervision of engineering and technical workers responsible for the safety of these facilities.

Depending on the size and structure of the enterprise or organization, the responsibility for monitoring the operation of buildings and structures should be assigned either to a special service - the Department for the operation and repair of buildings and structures of the enterprise, or to the OKS, the construction department, the construction group, as well as the relevant operational services: department chief power engineer, transport department, etc.

In addition to systematic monitoring of the operation of buildings and structures by specially authorized persons, all industrial buildings and structures are subject to periodic technical inspections. Inspections can be general and private.

As a rule, regular general technical inspections of buildings are carried out twice a year - in spring and autumn.

The state of fire prevention measures in all buildings and structures - both during periodic and current inspections - is checked with representatives of the fire department of the enterprise at a time depending on the specific operating conditions of industrial buildings, but at least once a month.

The current inspection of the main structures of buildings with heavy crane equipment or buildings and structures operated in a highly aggressive environment is carried out once every ten days. Buildings and structures operated in an aggressive environment should be inspected at least once a year by specialized organizations, with detailed notes in the technical journal on the technical condition of structures and measures to carry out the necessary work to maintain building structures in their original operational quality.

In addition to regular inspections, there may be extraordinary inspections of buildings and structures after natural disasters (fires, hurricane winds, heavy rains or snowfalls, after fluctuations in the earth's surface in areas with increased seismicity, etc.) or accidents.

A particularly strict regime for all types of inspections should be established for industrial buildings and structures erected in areas undermined by underground mine workings, on subsiding soils and in permafrost areas, and also operated with constant vibration.

When monitoring the safety of buildings and structures, it is necessary:

1) annually, using geodetic instruments, check the position of the main structures of industrial buildings and structures erected in permafrost areas, in areas undermined by mine workings, on subsiding soils, as well as on foundations subject to constant vibration;

2) maintain in proper condition the layout of the land near the building and the structure for the removal of atmospheric water. The planned surface of the earth should have a slope from the walls of the building. The blind area around the building must be in good condition. The gaps between the asphalt or concrete blind areas (sidewalks) and the walls of the building must be cleared and then sealed with hot bitumen, cement mortar, resin or crumpled clay;

3) prevent the storage of materials, production waste and garbage, as well as the arrangement of flower beds and lawns directly at the walls of the building;

4) monitor the good condition of the roof and the device for the removal of atmospheric and melt water from the roof of the building;

5) timely remove snow from walls and coverings of buildings and structures; when cleaning the roof, it is forbidden to use impact tools that cause damage to roofing materials;

6) prevent the release of waste water and steam near the walls of buildings;

7) prevent the spread of dampness in buildings due to damage to the waterproofing of foundations;

8) monitor the good condition of internal water supply, sewerage and heat supply networks, preventing leaks in joints and through cracks in the walls of pipes, fittings and appliances;

9) monitor the normal operation of ventilation systems;

10) monitor the tightness of the adjoining of roofs to walls, parapets, pipes, towers, antenna devices and other protruding structures;

11) periodically monitor the condition of wooden trusses, ceilings and other critical structures of buildings and structures made of wood; ensure constant ventilation of underground spaces in buildings;

12) pay special attention to elements of wooden structures in contact with soil embedded in brickwork or concrete, as well as in places of significant temperature differences;

13) in cases of cracks appearing in stone or concrete walls, reinforced concrete columns, girders, trusses, beams and slabs, immediately install beacons on them and carefully monitor the behavior of cracks and structures as a whole;

14) monitor the verticality of walls and columns;

15) organize constant monitoring of the state of the protective layer in reinforced concrete structures, especially those in an aggressive environment;

16) constantly monitor the condition of the seams and joints of metal structures (welded, riveted, bolted);

17) organize a thorough monitoring of the state of the joints of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures;

18) not allow punching holes in ceilings, beams, columns and walls without the written permission of the persons responsible for the correct operation of the building or structure;

19) pay special attention to the monitoring of structures that are subject to dynamic loads, thermal effects or are in an aggressive environment;

20) prevent overloading of building structures.

Technical and techno-economic information about buildings that may be required on a daily basis during their operation should be concentrated in the technical passport and technical journal for operation.

A technical passport is compiled for each building and structure accepted for operation.

The passport is the main document for the object, containing its constructive and technical and economic characteristics, compiled taking into account all architectural, planning and design changes.

Repair of industrial buildings and structures is a set of technical measures aimed at maintaining or restoring the original performance of both the building and the structure as a whole, and their individual structures.

For industrial buildings and structures of all sectors of the economy, repair work is divided into two types:

1) current;

2) capital.

For buildings and structures of a hazardous production facility, industrial safety expertise is provided, the rules and procedures for which are determined by the documents of Rostekhnadzor.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

We recommend interesting articles Section Occupational Safety and Health:

▪ Labor collective and ways to create healthy and safe working conditions

▪ Occupational diseases and their prevention

▪ Ensuring evacuation in case of fire

See other articles Section Occupational Safety and Health.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Solved the main problem of growing plants in space 18.09.2022

The main obstacle to space farming is the lack of sufficient sunlight. But scientists have found a solution to this problem - the good old electricity and chemistry will help the farmers of the future.

In the absence of the required amount of sunlight, the process of photosynthesis is impossible. And with it, the absorption of carbon dioxide, which is part of the air. Until recently, this has called into question crop production on the Moon or on Mars.

But now scientists have developed a new method of growing plants in the absence of natural light. It consists of the use of electricity and chemical fertilizer to power the process of photosynthesis.

Feng Jiao, an electrochemist at the University of Delaware, USA, conducted a series of tests with mushrooms, algae, yeast and lettuce. At first, the test plants did not grow in conditions of complete absence of sunlight, but the scientist decided to feed them with acetates and everything was successful.

The researcher found that plants can absorb acetate, turning it into sugars and amino acids with the help of artificial lighting.

The idea of using electricity as a substitute for natural light is not new. NASA's Space Crop Program has a long history of growing algae using artificial lighting, but these plants cannot be a complete replacement for all plant foods for astronauts.

Joya Massa suggests that on the first missions to Mars, astronauts will bring food from Earth, then they will be able to create a hybrid scheme. In addition, Jiao's research could be useful on Earth, given the ever-growing population of the planet in need of food.

Other interesting news:

▪ The smallest microphone in the world

▪ Wireless charging for Toyota electric vehicles

▪ Iron Man Boots

▪ Recognizing people through walls

▪ Seed Bank in the Arctic

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the website Residual current devices. Selection of articles

▪ article Having tasted the sweet, you do not want bitter. Popular expression

▪ article What Was the Star of Bethlehem? Detailed answer

▪ Carrier article. Job description

▪ article Amplifier on the chip TDA1510, 2x12 watts. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article The simplest kind of pulling mechanics. Focus Secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews