Labor collective and ways of creating healthy and safe working conditions. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Labor collective and ways of creating healthy and safe working conditions. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

Employees of one enterprise make up the labor collective. Each member of the team interacts with other employees during the labor process. The state of these relationships has an impact on occupational safety. A positive influence is possible when there are no disagreements in the team, the atmosphere is friendly.

Employees should not be separated by gender and age differences, different professional training, practical experience, etc. Team members should consciously maintain labor and technological discipline, be interested in fulfilling production tasks and, of course, comply with labor protection requirements. The team should have a positive psychological climate and an interested attitude to work. The behavior of team members is greatly influenced by the behavior of specialists and managers. They must always be disciplined, careful, never violate the requirements of labor protection, that is, be an example for ordinary workers.

The behavior of team members (and, ultimately, injuries at work) can be influenced not only by the situation in the team, but also by the situation at the worker's home, as well as all sorts of family troubles. To prevent injuries at work, it is necessary to ensure safe working conditions in the workplace and the proper behavior of workers.

The safety of production processes is ensured by:

the choice of the technological process, methods and modes of operation, as well as the procedure for servicing production equipment;
the choice of production premises, and for processes performed outside the production premises, the choice of production sites;
selection of production equipment and its appropriate placement;
choice of materials to work with;
distribution of functions between a person and equipment in order to limit the severity of labor;
choice of methods of storage and transportation of materials, including production waste;
professional selection and training of employees;
the use of protective equipment for workers;
selection of security requirements and methods for monitoring their implementation.

The technological process should be such as to exclude, as far as possible, direct contact of workers with materials that have a harmful effect. Managers should choose such production processes where dangerous and harmful production factors cannot occur or, in extreme cases, where these factors are less intense.

In the presence of dangerous and harmful factors, it is necessary to provide for complex mechanization, automation and remote control of operations and processes. Where necessary, equipment should be sealed and worker protection should be applied. In order to prevent monotony and physical inactivity, as well as limit the severity of work, it is necessary to rationally organize the work and rest of workers. The technological process should be organized in such a way that it is possible to receive timely information about the impact of hazardous and harmful production factors on individual technological operations. In the technological process, a monitoring and control system should be provided to ensure the protection of workers and emergency shutdown of production equipment. In any technological process, timely removal and neutralization of production waste, machines, etc., which serve as sources of hazardous and harmful production factors, must be ensured.

The technological documentation must contain the safety requirements for the technological process. Premises and production sites must comply with the requirements of building codes and regulations. The levels of dangerous and harmful production factors in the premises and workplaces should not exceed the established norms.

The materials used in the production process must not have a harmful effect on workers. When it is necessary to use materials that have a harmful effect, it is imperative to use appropriate protective equipment.

The equipment used in production must be complete, serviceable and adjusted to perform this work (operation). It is required to place the equipment so that it does not create dangerous and harmful production factors.

Workplaces must be lit in accordance with established standards. They must meet the requirements of GOST for specific production processes, equipment and workplaces, existing safety requirements, as well as ergonomic requirements.

One of the important ways to create safe working conditions in the workforce is professional selection, testing the knowledge and skills of employees. Persons admitted to work must be tested for compliance of their physiological, psychological and (if this is due to special requirements) anthropometric indicators with the nature of the work performed. Checking the health status of employees is mandatory both during admission to work and periodically in the manner established by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

Persons admitted to work must have vocational training, including training in labor protection. Training and testing of knowledge on labor protection should be carried out both before admission to work and during work.

Managers should instill in employees conscious discipline and the habit of constantly self-monitoring compliance with labor protection and safety requirements.

Authors: Volkhin S.N., Petrova S.P., Petrov V.P.

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