Help with frostbite. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Help with frostbite. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Providing first aid to the injured

Tissue damage caused by exposure to low temperatures is called frostbite.

Under the action of low temperatures, the life processes in the tissues are inhibited, and not their death. The lower the tissue temperature, the more the metabolic processes that determine their vital activity are inhibited (at a temperature of 19 ° C, metabolic processes almost completely stop, and at 10 ° C, blood flow stops). Suppression of metabolic processes reduces the vital needs of tissues, but does not lead to their damage.

The death of supercooled tissues occurs when they are unevenly heated.

The causes of frostbite are different, and under appropriate conditions (prolonged exposure to cold, wind, high humidity, tight or wet shoes, immobility, poor general condition of the victim - illness, exhaustion, alcohol intoxication, blood loss, etc.) frostbite can even occur at a temperature of 3-7 °C. Fingers, hands, feet, ears, nose are more prone to frostbite.

When providing assistance, the main thing is to prevent rapid warming of supercooled areas of the body, since they are detrimental to warm air, warm water, the touch of warm objects and even hands. Before the victim enters the heated room, the supercooled areas of his body (usually the arms or legs) must be protected from heat exposure by applying heat-insulating dressings (cotton-gauze, wool, etc.) to them. The bandage should cover only the area with severe blanching of the skin, without capturing unchanged skin. Otherwise, heat from areas of the body with unimpaired blood circulation will spread under the bandage to supercooled areas and cause them to warm from the surface, which will lead to the death of surface tissues.

After applying a heat-insulating bandage, it is necessary to ensure the immobility of supercooled fingers and toes, since their vessels are very fragile and therefore hemorrhages are possible after restoration of blood flow. To do this, you can use tires, as well as any material at hand: pieces of thick cardboard, plywood and boards. For the foot, two boards should be used: one for the length of the lower leg with the transition to the thigh, the other for the length of the foot. They need to be firmly fixed at an angle of 90 degrees.

On supercooled areas of the body, the bandage should be left until a feeling of heat appears and their sensitivity is restored.

To replenish heat in the body and improve blood circulation, the victim should be allowed to drink hot sweet tea.

In case of general hypothermia with loss of consciousness, the main rule for providing first aid remains the imposition of heat-insulating bandages on the hands and feet of the victim before bringing him into a warm room. If the victim has icy shoes, then you should not take them off, but you need to wrap your feet with a padded jacket, coat or other improvised material. The victim should be urgently delivered to the nearest medical institution, without removing heat-insulating bandages.

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