Help with burns. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Help with burns. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Providing first aid to the injured

Burns there are thermal - caused by fire, steam, hot objects and substances; chemical - caused by acids and alkalis, as well as salts of some heavy metals; electrical - from the effects of electric current or electric arc.

According to the depth of the lesion, all burns are divided into four degrees: the first - redness and swelling of the skin; the second - water bubbles; the third is the necrosis of the superficial and deep layers of the skin; the fourth - charring of the skin, damage to muscles, tendons and bones.

For thermal and electrical burns of the first degree, after eliminating the impact on the human body of a dangerous factor (fire, hot surface, hot liquids, gas or steam, etc.), it is necessary to water the affected areas of the body with a jet of cold water or cover it with snow for 15-20 minutes. This reduces pain, as well as the time and depth of overheating of the tissues and prevents their swelling.

For small first and second degree burns, a sterile dressing should be applied to the burnt area of the skin using a bandage or gauze.

When assisting the victim, in order to avoid infection, you should not touch the burned areas of the skin with your hands or lubricate them with ointments, fats, oils, petroleum jelly, sprinkle with baking soda, starch, etc. Do not open blisters, remove mastic, rosin or other resinous substances that have adhered to the burnt place , because by removing them, you can easily remove the burned skin and thereby create favorable conditions for infection of the wound.

Clothing and shoes from the burnt place must not be torn off, but must be cut with scissors and carefully removed. If the burnt pieces of clothing stuck to the burned area of the skin, then a sterile bandage should be applied over them and the victim should be sent to a medical facility.

In case of severe and extensive burns, the victim must be wrapped in a clean sheet or cloth without undressing him, cover him warmer, give one or two tablets of analgin or amidopyrine, drink warm tea and create peace until the doctor arrives.

The burnt face must be covered with sterile gauze.

At the first signs of shock, when the victim turns pale sharply, his breathing becomes shallow and frequent, the pulse is barely palpable, it is urgent to give him 20 drops of valerian tincture to drink.

In case of eye burns, cold lotions should be made from a solution of boric acid (half a teaspoon of acid in a glass of water) and immediately refer the victim to a doctor.

RџSЂRё electric arc burn and electric shock, the victim (regardless of the area of the burn) should be taken to a medical facility, as he must be under constant medical supervision, taking into account the peculiarities of the effect of electric current on the body. Cardiac arrest can occur after a few hours or even days from the moment of injury.

RџSЂRё chemical burns The depth of tissue damage is highly dependent on the duration of exposure to the chemical. It is important to reduce the concentration of the chemical and the time of exposure as soon as possible. To do this, the affected area is immediately washed with plenty of running cold water from a tap, rubber hose or bucket for 15-20 minutes.

If acid or alkali gets on the skin through clothes, then first you need to wash it off with water from the clothes, and then carefully cut and remove wet clothes from the victim, then rinse the skin.

If sulfuric acid or alkali in the form of a solid gets on the human body, it must be removed with dry cotton wool or a piece of clean cloth, and then the affected area should be thoroughly washed with water and a dry sterile bandage applied.

With a chemical burn, it is not possible to completely wash off the chemicals with water. Therefore, after washing, the affected area must be treated with appropriate neutralizing solutions used in the form of lotions (bandages).

Further assistance for chemical burns is the same as for thermal ones.

When the skin is burned with acid, lotions (bandages) are made with a solution of baking soda (one teaspoon of soda per glass of water).

If acid in the form of a liquid, vapor or gas gets into the eyes or mouth, rinse them with plenty of water, and then with a solution of baking soda (half a teaspoon per glass of water).

In case of skin burns with alkali, lotions (dressings) are made with a solution of boric acid (one teaspoon of acid per glass of water) or a weak solution of acetic acid (table vinegar, half diluted with water).

If splashes of alkali or its vapors get into the eyes and mouth, rinse the affected areas with plenty of water, and then with a solution of boric acid (half a teaspoon of acid in a glass of water).

If solid pieces of the chemical get into the eye, they must first be removed with a damp swab, as when washing the eyes, they can injure the mucous membrane and cause additional injury.

If acid or alkali enters the esophagus, you should immediately call a doctor. Before his arrival, saliva and mucus should be removed from the victim's mouth, lay him down and cover him warmly, and put "cold" on his stomach to relieve pain.

If the victim has signs of suffocation, it is necessary to do artificial respiration according to the "mouth-to-nose" method, since the mucous membrane of the mouth is burned.

It is impossible to neutralize the alkali or acid that has entered the esophagus, or to wash the stomach with water, causing vomiting, since during the reverse movement along the esophagus, the cauterizing liquid injures the mucous membrane again and laryngeal edema may occur.

You can give the victim to drink no more than three glasses of water, thus diluting the acid or alkali that has entered the esophagus and reducing its cauterizing effect. A good effect is the ingestion of milk or egg whites loosened in water (12 pieces per liter of cold water).

In case of significant skin burns, as well as if acid or alkali gets into the eyes of the victim, after first aid, you should immediately send to a medical facility.

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