The scope of first aid for various types of disasters. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
Free library / Directory / Basics of safe life

The volume of first aid for various types of disasters. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

The scope of first aid for various types of disasters:

1. In case of catastrophes with a predominance of mechanical (dynamic) damaging factors:

extraction of the victims from the rubble (before releasing the limb from compression, a tourniquet is applied to its base, which is removed only after the limb is tightly bandaged from the periphery to the tourniquet), the withdrawal of the blinded from the hearth, extinguishing burning clothes or caught on the body of burning mixtures;

fight against asphyxia by freeing the airways from mucus, blood and possible foreign bodies; when the tongue sinks, vomiting, profuse nosebleeds, the victim is laid on his side; when the tongue sinks, it is pierced with a pin, which is fixed from the side of the outer arch with a bandage to the neck or chin;
artificial ventilation of the lungs using the "mouth-to-mouth" or "mouth-to-nose" method, as well as using a 8-shaped tube;
giving a physiologically advantageous position to the victim;
closed heart massage;
temporary stop of bleeding by all available means: pressure bandage, finger pressure, tourniquet, etc.;
immobilization of the damaged area by the simplest means;
applying an aseptic bandage to the wound and burn surface;
injection with a syringe tube of an anesthetic or antidote;
giving water-salt (1/2 teaspoon of soda and salt per 1 liter of liquid) or tonic hot drinks (tea, coffee, alcohol) - in the absence of vomiting and data on trauma to the abdominal organs;
prevention of hypothermia or overheating;
sparing early removal (export) of victims from the outbreak and their concentration in designated shelters;
preparation and control over the evacuation of the injured to the nearest medical center or to the places of loading the injured onto transport.

2. In foci with a predominance of thermal injury, in addition to the above measures, the following is carried out:

extinguishing burning clothes;
wrapping the victim in a clean sheet.

3. In case of accidents with the release of hazardous chemicals into the environment, additionally:

protection of the respiratory organs, eyes and skin from direct exposure to hazardous chemicals;
partial sanitization of open parts of the body (running water, 2% soda solution, etc.) and, if possible, degassing of clothing adjacent to them;
in case of oral poisoning, giving sorbents, milk; drinking plenty of water, gastric lavage in a "restaurant" way;
prompt removal of the affected from the zone of poisoning.

4. In case of accidents with the release of radioactive substances:

iodine prophylaxis and the use of radioprotectors by the population, if possible;
partial decontamination of clothing and footwear;
provision of first medical aid to the population in the listed volume during its evacuation from the zones of radioactive contamination.

5. In case of mass infectious diseases in the foci of bacteriological (biological) infection:

use of improvised and (or) personal protective equipment;
active identification and isolation of patients with high temperature; suspected of an infectious disease;
the use of means of emergency prevention;
carrying out partial or complete sanitization.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

We recommend interesting articles Section Basics of safe life:

▪ Pollution of natural water bodies and oceans

▪ Factors that destroy health and their prevention

▪ Putting an object on the map

See other articles Section Basics of safe life.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

Random news from the Archive

bio-cement 18.03.2023

Bioengineers from the Technical University of Denmark have figured out how to reduce carbon emissions in the construction industry. Genetically modified bacteria capture carbon dioxide and use it to create calcium carbonate, one of the main elements of cement.

For their production, the researchers used the genes of coral polyps. These animals build "huge buildings" under water - coral reefs - calcareous structures that resemble cement in composition. Bioengineers have transferred genes from these living organisms to bacteria. The modified microorganisms produce an enzyme that binds carbon dioxide to calcium carbonate (limestone).

High temperatures when cement is heated during the manufacturing process lead to the release of carbon dioxide. In 2021 alone, according to the authors of the study, about 2,9 billion tons of carbon dioxide were emitted into the atmosphere during the production of this building material. This is about 7% of the total emissions.

The main idea of the new technology is to create a closed cycle production. Engineers propose using a bioreactor that will capture carbon dioxide released when heated and turn it into limestone. The finished material can be reused for cement production.

At present, the researchers have only tested their technology in the lab. To scale up production, it will be necessary to increase the resistance of bacteria for industrial applications and modify the production of cement. The technology has special requirements for a bioreactor, the bioengineers explain. Modified bacteria, like corals, work in a liquid environment, while the finished material is solid. Therefore, when designing a reactor, it is necessary to create a method for easily transporting finished calcium carbonate from the bioreactor.

Other interesting news:

▪ Drive GALAX Gamer 240-M.2 PCI-E 2280

▪ False nails glow with mobile phone call

▪ digital refrigerator

▪ Beware of moonlight

▪ Cleaning rivers with bubbles and hair

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Electrician in the house. Article selection

▪ article Rubber-engined aircraft model class F1G. Tips for a modeler

▪ How was the medieval Frankish state formed? Detailed answer

▪ Kiwi article. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Class B power amplifier with distortion correction due to the use of direct coupling. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Household electric meters. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews