Selected documents on emergency situations and disaster medicine in the Russian Federation. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Selected documents on emergency situations and disaster medicine in the Russian Federation. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

In pursuance of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 468 dated April 20.04.93, 1993 "On urgent measures to ensure the health of the population of the Russian Federation" and in order to improve the organization and functioning of the emergency medical service, coordinate scientific research on the problems of disaster medicine, and increase the level of readiness of the service to work in conditions elimination of the consequences of emergencies and the effective interaction of all medical forces and means on the basis of the specialized center for emergency medical care "Protection" of the Federal Department of Biomedical and Extreme Problems at the end of XNUMX, the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine (VTsMK) "Protection" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation was created.

On November 11, 1994, it was adopted by the State Duma, and on December 21, 1994, the President of the Russian Federation signed the Federal Law "On the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies", which defines the organizational and legal norms common to the Russian Federation in the field of protecting the population in the territory of the Russian Federation, the entire land, air, water space within the Russian Federation, industrial and social facilities, as well as the natural environment from natural and man-made emergencies.

In pursuance of the Federal Law, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted Decree No. 738 dated July 24.07.95, XNUMX "On the procedure for preparing the population in the field of protection against emergencies", which approved the procedure for preparing the population in the field of protection against emergencies.

On November 5, 1995, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted Decree No. 1113, which approved the "Regulations on the Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations". The regulation defines the principles of construction, the composition of forces and means, the procedure for performing tasks and the interaction of the main elements, and also regulates the main issues of functioning unified Russian system of emergency situations (RSChS).

The main tasks of RSChS:

development and implementation of legal and economic norms related to ensuring the protection of the population and territories from emergencies;
implementation of targeted scientific and technical programs aimed at preventing emergencies and ensuring the sustainable functioning of enterprises, organizations and institutions, as well as facilities under their jurisdiction in emergencies;
ensuring the readiness for action of the authorities, forces and means intended for the prevention and elimination of emergencies;
collection, processing and issuance of information in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergencies;
preparing the population for actions in emergency situations;
forecasting and assessing the socio-economic consequences of emergencies;
creation of reserves of financial and material resources for emergency response;
implementation of state expertise, supervision and control in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergencies;
elimination of emergencies;
implementation of measures for the social protection of the population affected by emergencies, holding humanitarian actions;
implementation of the rights and obligations of the population in the field of protection against emergencies, including persons directly involved in their liquidation;
international cooperation in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergencies. The RSChS unites the governing bodies, forces and means of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations whose authority includes addressing issues of protecting the population and territories from emergencies.

RSChS consists of territorial and functional subsystems and has five levels: federal, regional, territorial, local and object.

On February 28, 1996, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted Decree No. 195 "Issues of the All-Russian Disaster Medicine Service". This Decree approved the "Regulations on the All-Russian Service for Disaster Medicine" (VSMK).

This Regulation states: "The All-Russian Disaster Medicine Service is a functional subsystem of the unified state system for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations. The Service is guided in its activities by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law "On the Protection of the Population and Territories from Natural and Man-Made Emergency Situations", and other federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, resolutions and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, decisions of the Interdepartmental Commission for the Prevention and Elimination of Consequences of Emergencies, other regulatory legal acts, as well as these Regulations.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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