What is a capacitor? Free Technical Library article

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Capacitors and their application. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur

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A capacitor, popularly referred to as a conder, is a means of storing electricity in electrical circuits. Typical applications are: smoothing filters in power supplies; chains of intercascade connections; interference filtering.

Electrical characteristic capacitor is determined by its design and means of materials used. The capacitor consists of plates (or plates) in front of each other, made of conductive material, and insulating material (mainly paper and mica).

The main characteristic is capacity. Capacitance is measured in MicroFarads (uF) (1 * 10^-6 Farad), NanoFaradah(nF)(1*10^-9 Farad) and PicoFaradah (pF) (1 * 10^-12 Farad). If you disassemble the capacitor, you will see the plates there. The capacitance of a capacitor increases proportionally with the area of the plates and decreases with the distance between them. Another important parameter of a capacitor is operating voltage. This voltage is not taken from the ceiling, but is characterized by the maximum voltage, when exceeded, the breakdown of the dielectric occurs and the death of the conder.

Parallel and serial connection in circuits.

When two capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in parallel:

The capacity is as follows:_{The right} = C1 + C2

Voltage: voltage_{The right}\u1d voltage * C2 / CXNUMX

When two capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in series:

The capacity is as follows:_{The right} \u1d C2 * C1 / C2 + CXNUMX

Voltage: The smallest capacitance is given the most voltage.

Of course, you can write formulas, but it's better not to be smart and buy a normal conder.

Explanation of designations:

Examples, the rest by analogy:

9,1pf - 9P1

22pf - 22p

150pf - H15

1800pf - 1H8

0.01uF - 10N

0.15uF - m15

50uF - 50M

6.8uF - 6M8

Foreign ceramic disc capacitors (dark yellow ones):

(the last digit indicates the number of zeros at the end)

391 - 390pf132 - 1300pf

473 - 47000pf

1623 - 162000pf - 162nf

154 - 150000pf - 0.15uF

105 - 1000000pf - 1uF

.001 - 0.001uF

.02 - 0.02uF

Capacitor types:

BM - paper small

BMT - paper small-sized heat-resistant

KD - ceramic disk

KLS - ceramic cast sectional

KM - ceramic monolithic

KPK-M - compact trimmer ceramic

KSO - pressed mica

CT - ceramic tubular

MBG - metal-paper sealed

MBGO - metal-paper sealed single-layer

MBGT - metal-paper sealed heat-resistant

MBGCH - metal-paper sealed single-layer

MBM - metal-paper small-sized

PM - polystyrene small

ON - film open

PSO - film styroflex open

Note that there are polarized and non-polarized capacitors. If you turn on the polarized incorrectly, you can disable it! Be careful and look at the designations on the body of the conder. For example, ceramic discs are non-polarized, and almost all capacitors with a capacity of more than 0,5 μF are polarized.

Capacitors of variable capacity.

They are most often used to adjust the receiving - transmitting circuits, and more. Trimmer capacitors must be turned with a dielectric screwdriver, and a knob is displayed on the variables (similar to resistors).

Designations on the diagram:

	fixed capacitor, general designation
	fixed capacitance polarized
	variable capacity
	trimmer, general designation

Publication: cxem.net

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