|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
Drug addiction as a social phenomenon, its origins and spread factors. Basics of safe life
Directory / Basics of safe life In modern society attitude towards drugs ambiguous. Everyone is aware of the danger of drug addiction, but at the same time, public consciousness is shifting in the direction of ever greater drug tolerance. The pioneers in this were the Netherlands and Switzerland, where the so-called soft drugs are legalized. The UK has legalized the medical use of marijuana. In Germany, a law has been passed on the creation of points for the free distribution and use of weak narcotic drugs in the country. This trend is not limited to liberal Europe. In the United States, the people of California voted in favor of a ballot initiative legalizing the cultivation of marijuana and its use for medicinal purposes. In Arizona, doctors are now allowed to prescribe any drug to patients in case of medical necessity. The states of Alaska, Colorado, Nevada, Oregon and Washington have also positively resolved the issue of medical use of marijuana. In addition, there is a tendency to destroy established ideas about drugs, about their dangers, about ways to combat drug addiction, etc. To understand this phenomenon, it is necessary to identify its sources and factors contributing to its spread in society. Most researchers agree that drug addiction has existed throughout the history of mankind, in all ages and among all peoples. Moreover, it is also characteristic of the animal world, for example, for cats who are not indifferent to valerian tincture, dogs, wild animals, who often consume hallucinogenic mushrooms and various plants. In fact, the culture of pastime is narcotic. These are various kinds of friendly meetings, and banquets on the occasion of any celebrations, and commemorations, and official meetings of heads of state, etc. It is no secret that cigars, cigarettes and cigarettes are smoked, tea and coffee are drunk, and alcoholic beverages are consumed. , but all of them have a pronounced alcoholic or narcotic effect. Initiation to drugs also occurs through various kinds of medications: painkillers, insomnia, tranquilizers, etc. Modern music and information technology carry a charge of psychological and physiological intoxication of consciousness. Today, all psychoactive substances are divided into legal and illegal. Legal ones are ethyl alcohol, nicotine, caffeine. Illegal: natural - opium, hashish, cocaine, marijuana, heroin, etc. - and synthetic: ecstasy, LSD, etc. And here a very specific picture emerges. So, smoking tobacco, drinking alcohol and brewing strong tea (chifir) is not forbidden to anyone, everything else is prohibited. This is due to the fact that each culture has legalized its traditional drug. The Indians chewed coca and peyote cacti. The peoples of the North ate fly agaric. Asia smoked opium and hashish. But it so happened that these regions were conquered by Europeans, so now in America they drink, not chew, the peoples of the North were forbidden to eat fly agarics, which are practically harmless to them, but they were allowed to drink extremely harmful vodka. As a result, these peoples are practically destroyed. Indeed, the organisms of these people adapted generation after generation to traditional psychoactive substances (surfactants). Europeans grew grapes from which alkaloids were extracted. Therefore, they can drink a lot, which is not fatal for them, and among the representatives of the Indians and northern peoples, who had no idea what vodka was before, the body did not develop an enzyme that decomposes alcohol, which is why they become drunk so quickly and die from alcohol. The victorious civilizations brought with them and imposed on the conquered peoples their traditional values. Globalization in the field of drugs began much earlier than in the field of high technology, the Internet and finance, so you can find the most common drugs anywhere in the world. This was largely facilitated by the development of the chemical industry, the creation of synthetic drugs. Morphine and cocaine appeared in Europe approximately 150 years ago during the bourgeois revolutions. It was a kind of new flavor of the new Europe. Then interest in them subsided somewhat. A closer and more massive acquaintance of Europeans with drugs occurred at the end of the 1913th century. In Europe, a fascination with morphine, codeine, hashish, and later heroin began. This was largely facilitated by wars that required massive armies. The professionalism of the draft contingent, its physical fitness has sharply decreased, which to a certain extent was compensated by the invigoration of the personnel with psychoactive substances - both traditional (alcohol, tobacco, coffee, tea) and new ones (morphine, cocaine, hashish, heroin). In addition, surfactants (opium, morphine, alcohol, etc.) were also widely used for pain relief in wounds and operations. At that time, little was known about drugs, they were fanned by the mystical spirit of the East. In Russia, the first drug wave began only in XNUMX, after the tsarist government announced a "dry" law. This trend was reinforced by the First World War, the Revolution and the Civil War. Cocaine and morphine came into fashion, and then cocaine with alcohol. The question arises: "Why does a person need drugs?" The answer is rather banal. First, they raise the tone. Secondly, they allow you to change the emotional state. Thirdly, they help relieve stress and fatigue. It is not a secret that our entire modern civilization is a continuous stress. We live not only in an artificial environment, so to speak, "abnormal" for a person, but also in conditions of an "abnormal" quantitative factor: there are 100 times more people on Earth than animals with a similar weight and type of food. And constraint, as you know, causes aggression, which must be suppressed or somehow reoriented so as not to destroy society. In addition, it must be taken into account that, according to the theory of evolution, man descended from primates. The fact is that primates have practically no natural enemies equal to them; they become their own enemies. In addition, primates are not predators and do not possess their "instrumental power" - claws, fangs, indestructible strength, and therefore, according to biologists, their population-centric instinct is weakened, that is, the instinct to restrain intraspecific aggression. And if just such a beast has "made its way into the people," it needs powerful external restraints and channels of aggression. And such a common systemic constraint is culture, which includes religion, morality, law, sports, spectacles, cinema, games and, paradoxically, drugs. This is explained by the fact that a person has three vital drives: the food instinct, the sexual instinct and the instinct to change one's mental state. The first two are clear. About the third, IP Pavlov also said that a person has an innate need to regularly change his mental state. To do this, he needs either psychoactive substances or psychoactive actions. Every person has a need to experience delight, to be pleased and to be dissatisfied. If he does not receive his norm of emotions, then he becomes depressed. Psychiatrists and psychotherapists argue that if a person does not experience alternative "extreme" states of consciousness for a long time, then he becomes ill. And, apparently, it is no coincidence that dances, dances, round dances, carnivals and other active entertainments have been so popular since ancient times, since they performed and still perform the function of maintaining emotional balance. With their help, a person is freed from the accumulated negativity and receives the positive mental charge he needs for further fruitful activity. And for most people, the emotions received in this way are enough to withstand the onslaught of life circumstances and stressful situations. However, there is a group of people (about 30% of the world's population) whose threshold of mental reactions is quite high. They need excessive stimuli, much more intense than ordinary people, in order to experience at least some pleasure, to see some new meaning in their lives. These are a kind of "emotional diabetics" who need either psychoactive substances (drugs) or psychoactive actions (dangerous professions, sports, gambling), life on the verge of risk, i.e. a kind of "adrenaline drug". Both are inherently potential drug addicts, and nothing can be done about it. At the same time, it was noted that if for some reason the amount of legal psychoactive substances (alcoholic beverages, tobacco) decreases, the use of illegal ones increases. Bans alone will not solve the problem. Suffice it to recall the "dry" law of the second half of the 1980s in our country, when alcohol surrogates (colognes, technical liquids), various kinds of pills (sleeping pills, tranquilizers), chemicals such as dichlorvos, etc. began to be used instead of alcoholic beverages. the period of "prohibition" after two or three years of relative statistical well-being, which showed a slight decrease in mortality, the number of deaths from surrogates increased sharply. Substance bans of various kinds are hitting young people particularly hard, as in the absence of habitual light alcoholic beverages, doping-prone teens seek replacements. Thus, studies show that by the age of sixteen, more than 60% of Russian schoolchildren are involved in legal psychoactive substances, 15-30% have already tried drugs. This was actively facilitated by the loss of ideological and moral foundations and guidelines among young people at the turn of the XNUMXth and XNUMXst centuries. At present, the state of affairs in the fight against drug addiction is far from being recognized as successful. According to experts, the annual volume of illegal drugs in the world is at least 300 thousand tons. One of the richest Americans, J. Soros, wrote in a letter to the US President: "...America without drugs is a utopian dream. Some forms of drug addiction or abuse various substances are endemic (intrinsic) for most countries. In order to choose the right guidelines, to reduce the consequences of this extremely negative phenomenon of modern social life, it is necessary to know the properties of narcotic substances and the mechanisms of formation of dependence on them. Authors: Gubanov V.M., Mikhailov L.A., Solomin V.P.
▪ The problem of pollution of the oceans ▪ Civil defense is an important component of the national security and defense of the country ▪ What to do in critical situations
Machine for thinning flowers in gardens
02.05.2024 Advanced Infrared Microscope
02.05.2024 Air trap for insects
01.05.2024
▪ Flash card 64 Mbit DataFlash from ATMEL ▪ Accelerated learning of new languages enlarges the brain ▪ Mitsubishi Automotive Projection Systems
▪ section of the site Lecture notes, cheat sheets. Selection of articles ▪ article Pythagoras. Biography of a scientist ▪ article What is temperature inversion? Detailed answer ▪ article Senior Client Manager. Job description ▪ article Control of a motorist. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering ▪ article Water in an upside down glass. physical experiment
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
We recommend interesting articles Section 
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page