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BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
Civil defense is an important component of the national security and defense capability of the country. Basics of safe life
Directory / Basics of safe life civil defense - this is a system of measures to prepare for the protection and to protect the population, material and cultural values on the territory of the Russian Federation from the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions, as well as from natural and man-made emergencies. Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Civil Defense" The following main tasks of civil defense are established:
Civil defense, as an integral part of the national security and defense system of the country, must be ready to perform tasks in any scenario for the deployment and conduct of military operations and in the conditions of large-scale terrorist acts. At the same time, the main attention should be paid to actions in the conditions of local and regional wars with the use of various types of weapons. In addition, civil defense should take part in the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies, as well as during terrorist attacks. In peacetime, civil defense performs the tasks of creating command and control bodies, training forces, training the population, maintaining readiness for protective equipment, systematic accumulation of resources necessary to carry out the prescribed measures, creating conditions for the prompt deployment of a system of protective measures, forces and means in a threatened period, carrying out a set of preparatory measures aimed at preserving facilities that are essential for the sustainable functioning of the economy and the survival of the population in wartime. In the event of natural and man-made emergencies at the federal and regional levels, as well as in case of terrorist acts, civil defense forces and resources can be involved in the implementation of measures to prevent and eliminate them. During the period of increasing military threat (during the threatened period) before the announcement of mobilization, the main task of civil defense is to carry out a set of planned measures aimed at increasing the readiness of government bodies, civil defense forces, as well as organizations - executors of mobilization tasks and special formations created for the wartime period to transfer to the organization and composition of wartime, and federal government bodies, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations - to the transition to work in wartime conditions. In wartime, civil defense carries out a set of measures that ensure the maximum preservation of the life and health of the population, material and cultural values, and increase the stability of the economy in the conditions of the use by the enemy of modern and promising means of armed struggle, including weapons of mass destruction. The organizational basis of civil defense is the administrative bodies, forces and means of civil defense of various authorities, local administrative-territorial formations and organizations (enterprises, institutions). Planning and carrying out civil defense measures is carried out by all federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership. The leadership of the civil defense of the Russian Federation is carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation. The leadership of civil defense in federal executive bodies and organizations is carried out by their heads. The leadership of civil defense in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities is carried out, respectively, by the heads of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the heads of local governments. The heads of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and organizations are personally responsible for organizing and conducting civil defense and public protection measures. Day-to-day management of civil defense is carried out by bodies authorized to solve problems in the field of civil defense. He heads the system of bodies that manage civil defense of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, which creates territorial bodies - regional centers for civil defense, emergency situations, disaster management and bodies authorized to solve civil defense tasks and tasks for the prevention and elimination of emergencies in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In federal executive bodies, for planning, organizing and monitoring the implementation of civil defense measures, by decision of their leaders, regular structural units (departments, departments, sectors, groups) are created at the expense of the established number and payroll, specially authorized to solve problems in the field of civil defense . In organizations, civil defense is managed by structural units or employees specially authorized to solve these problems. They are created (appointed) in the manner prescribed by the Government of the Russian Federation. Their number, depending on the number of employees of the organization, is indicated in Table 2. In organizations not classified as civil defense, with more than 200 employees, one exempt civil defense employee is appointed, and in organizations with less than 200 employees, civil defense work is performed by one of the employees in combination. Table 2. The number of released workers specially authorized to solve problems in the field of civil defense in organizations classified as civil defense
The civil defense forces include military formations specially designed to solve problems in the field of civil defense. They are organizationally united in the civil defense troops. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops and military formations, as well as emergency rescue services and emergency rescue formations are also involved in solving civil defense tasks. Civil defense troops organizationally consist of rescue centers, rescue and training brigades, separate mechanized regiments, helicopter detachments and some other units and subunits. The command and control of the troops is carried out by the Minister of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. An important component of civil defense is non-standard emergency rescue teams (NASF), which are created in organizations that have and operate potentially hazardous production facilities, as well as those of great defense and economic importance or representing a high degree of danger of emergency situations. NASF are equipped with special equipment, property for protection of the population, material and cultural values from dangers and are designed to perform the bulk of emergency rescue operations and other civil defense activities. These formations may have different specializations: rescue, medical, firefighting, engineering, emergency technical, automotive, intelligence, radiation and chemical surveillance, radiation and chemical protection, communications, mechanization of work, public order, food, trade, etc. The composition of the formations includes: consolidated detachments, teams and groups; rescue teams, teams and groups; detachments and teams of mechanization of work; teams, groups and units of intelligence and communications; medical detachments, brigades, squads, groups, links, mobile hospitals, sanitary posts; emergency technical teams and groups; automobile and autosanitary columns; teams and groups of public order protection, etc. Most of the emergency rescue units are civil defense rescue services trained to carry out special events that require high technical equipment and highly professional training of personnel. The management of the services is carried out by the chiefs, who are appointed by the order of the head of the facility. Heads of services participate in the development of a civil defense plan for the facility and independently develop the required documents. They are entrusted with maintaining the constant readiness of forces and means and timely provision of subordinate formations with special equipment and equipment. Alert and Communication Service is created on the basis of the object connection node. It is entrusted with the organization of communication and timely notification of the management team, personnel of the facility and the population living near the facility about the threat of an emergency. Medical service organized on the basis of a medical unit (health center, clinic). The service ensures the recruitment, training and maintenance of readiness of medical units, the accumulation of stocks of medical equipment and personal protective equipment, conducts medical reconnaissance and sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, provides medical assistance to victims and evacuates them to medical institutions, provides medical care to employees of economic facilities and members of the their families in places of dispersal and evacuation. Radiation, Chemical and Biological Protection Service develops and implements measures to protect personnel and the public from the effects of radioactive, chemical and biological substances, organizes the training of relevant units, ensures control over exposure and contamination of personnel, as well as the state of personal protective equipment and special equipment, conducts radiation and chemical reconnaissance and measures to elimination of centers of radioactive contamination and chemical contamination. Public Order Service created on the basis of departmental security units. It ensures the protection of the facility, maintenance of public order during rescue and other urgent work, controls the observance of blackout. Power supply and blackout service is formed on the basis of the department of the chief power engineer. It provides uninterrupted supply of gas, fuel, electricity to the facility, carries out blackout measures and priority restoration work on power grids. Emergency technical service organized on the basis of the department of the chief mechanic (industrial, technical). It takes measures to protect unique equipment, increase the stability of the main structures, special engineering networks and communications, and carries out work to localize and eliminate accidents at communications and facilities of the facility. Shelter and Shelter Service is created on the basis of the capital construction department (housing and communal department, construction shop). It ensures the readiness of shelters and shelters, control over the correctness of their operation, organizes the construction of civil defense protective structures, conducts rescue and other urgent work when opening collapsed shelters and shelters. Transport Service is formed on the basis of the transport department (garage). It carries out measures to ensure transportation, to disperse workers of economic facilities and deliver them to their place of work, organizes the delivery of the necessary forces and means to the centers of destruction, transports the injured to medical institutions, and carries out work to decontaminate vehicles. Logistics Service organized on the basis of the logistics department. It supplies the formations with special equipment, property and food, organizes the storage, accounting and repair of equipment and property, as well as their transportation to the places of work, provides the personnel of the facility at the enterprise and in places of dispersal with basic necessities. At small enterprises, civil defense services are usually not created, and their functions are performed by the structural management bodies of these facilities. Organizations under preparing for civil defense within their powers and in the manner prescribed by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, carry out the following work:
The conduct of civil defense on the territory of the Russian Federation or in its individual areas begins from the moment a state of war is declared, the actual start of hostilities or the introduction of martial law by the President of the Russian Federation. To organize the implementation of the main tasks of civil defense, responsible persons are appointed from among the deputy heads of the organization. A Deputy Site Manager for General Affairs is usually assigned to conduct the dispersal and evacuation. As chairman of the evacuation commission, he develops an evacuation and dispersal plan, organizes the preparation of places in the suburban area, the evacuation of personnel and the delivery of labor to the place of work, and also manages the public order service. The chief engineer of the enterprise manages the development of measures to transfer the facility to a special mode of operation, organizes the implementation of measures to improve the stability of the enterprise in peacetime, in case of a threat of attack and in wartime, directly manages the services (emergency technical, fire fighting, shelters and shelters), and also provides technical support for rescue and other urgent work. The deputy (assistant) head of the facility for logistics organizes the accumulation and storage of special property, equipment, tools, protective equipment and transport. It is entrusted with the material and technical support for the construction of civil defense protective structures, as well as rescue and other urgent work. When threatened by an enemy attack, he disperses stocks of raw materials, food and unique equipment. The structural subdivision for civil defense of the organization (department, sector, group, etc.) is the body exercising control and performs the functions of the civil defense headquarters of the facility. Its work is organized on the basis of orders, orders and instructions of the head of the facility, the higher headquarters and decisions of the management bodies for civil defense affairs. The structural subdivision carries out measures to protect the organization's personnel, develops a civil defense plan for the facility and organizes its implementation, conducts training of the facility's personnel in civil defense and training of emergency rescue teams and rescue services. Authors: Smirnov A.T., Shakhramanyan M.A., Durnev R.A., Kryuchek N.A.
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