Car control. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Electronic devices

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The proposed device is designed for operational monitoring of the state of the vehicle batteries. It can be installed directly on the dashboard of a car or made in the form of a portable device (probe).

Figure 1 shows the electrical circuit of the "Control".

Fig.1. Schematic diagram of the device (click to enlarge)

On the elements VT1, R2, R8, R9, HL1, a cascade for indicating the lower voltage level is made. When the HL2 LED is off, the current flows into the VT1 base through the R3-R4-R9 circuit. Transistor VT1 opens and LED HL1 lights up. With an increase in the input voltage, the voltage at the base of VT2, supplied from R1, increases, which leads to the opening of VT2 and the fire of HL2. This closes VT1, and HL1 goes out. R3 is designed to "aggravate" the switching threshold of VT1 and VT2. The VD1-R1 circuit is a threshold circuit. When the input voltage exceeds the stabilization voltage VD1, current begins to flow through R1. Accordingly, the voltage removed from the R1 engine to control VT2 increases. The VD2-R12-R14 and VD3-R15-R16 circuits work similarly. The use of zener diodes made it possible to increase the steepness of the keys on VT2, VT4, VT5. The adjustment of the cascade on VT4 is carried out by a trimmer resistor R14, which sets the ignition level HL3. A divider R3-R10 is connected to HL5, which controls the key on VT3. Thus, when HL3 lights up, VT3 opens and HL2 goes out. In this case, VT2 is open, VT1 is closed, and HL1 is also off. A key is assembled on VT5, which indicates the voltage exceeding the upper level. The threshold for opening VT5 is set by R16. When HL4 is lit, HL3 is also on.

The circuit is assembled on a printed circuit board made of one-sided fiberglass with a size of 110x15 mm (Fig. 2). The location of the parts on the board is shown in Fig.3.

After assembly from serviceable parts from an adjustable power supply, a voltage of 10,25 V is applied to terminals 1 ("Probe") and 2 ("Crocodile"). By rotating R1, a uniform glow of HL1 and HL2 is achieved. Then, applying a voltage of 12 V, regulate R14 until HL3 starts glowing. By increasing the voltage to 15,5 V, adjust R16 until HL4 lights up. After tuning, it is desirable to lock the axes R1, R14, R16 with a zaponlak. The device is ready to work.

In the complex, the device works like this. HL1 lights up when the input voltage is from 6 V to the ignition level of HL2. HL2 lights up at the voltage set by R1. HL3 lights up when the level is set to R14, HL4 - R16. If HL4 is on, then HL3 is also on. When ignited, HL3 and HL4, HL1 and HL2 go out.

To seal the mounting, all resistors, except for R4, R11, R17, are installed in a vertical position. Diodes VD1 ... VD4 - also in a vertical position. Transistors VT1 ... VT5 must be selected with β not lower than 80. LEDs - small-sized, imported. You can put AL307, but you will have to sharpen their side parts with a needle file.

For clarity, it is best to use multi-colored LEDs. You need to solder the LEDs last, and so that they are slightly higher than all other elements. Three MGTF wires are soldered to pin 2 on the board. You need to weave them, and tie a knot near the exit from the board to fix them in the case. Any pointed probe 1 ... 30 mm long should be soldered to the output 50 of the board.

After setting up the device and checking for operability, it is necessary to make (glue cardboard around the printed circuit board) a "formwork" of the case, so that 5 mm remain free below the board, and 20 mm at the top. Further, the entire volume is filled with epoxy glue to the level of the LEDs. They should protrude from the adhesive by 1,5 ... 2 mm. After the glue has dried on top, the frame is turned over, and the board is poured from the other side. This design has maximum strength and reliability. In the absence of fiberglass, the circuit can be assembled on thick electric cardboard. Puncture holes under the part with an awl, install the elements, and the connections between them are made with a single-core mounting wire. It is not recommended to replace R1, R14, R16 with open type potentiometers. The circuit is protected from incorrect connection by the VD4 diode.

When monitoring the battery, HL3 lights up when it is normal, HL4 when overcharged, HL2 when undercharged, and HL1 indicates low voltage.

A similar circuit can be successfully put in the power supply. By adjusting the ignition thresholds, you can refuse to use a voltmeter. The accuracy of the "Control" is ±0,25 V, which is due to the opening voltage of the base transition of the transistors. You can increase the number of control steps. This scheme has been tested in real life and has shown good results. Happy assembly!

Author: A. Shcherbinin, Barnaul; Publication: radioradar.net

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