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BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
Civil defense organizations. Basics of safe life
Directory / Basics of safe life In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 10, 1999 No. 620 "On civil organizations of civil defense", all potentially dangerous, as well as those of great defense importance and representing a high risk of emergency situations, are created civil organizations (hereinafter referred to as formations) of civil defense. They are created, as in general in civil defense, according to the territorial production principle. Federal executive authorities in relation to organizations under their jurisdiction, in agreement with the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, determine organizations (OE) that create civil defense formations. Similarly, the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments in the respective territories determine the organizations (OE) that are under their jurisdiction, which create civil defense formations. Organizations (OE) that create civil defense formations develop staffing and tables for equipping these formations with equipment and property, and also staff them with personnel, equipment and property. The heads of economic facilities carry out the preparation and maintenance of formations in a state of constant readiness to perform emergency rescue and other urgent work. There is no unified organizational and staff structure of civil defense formations. However, the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, together with federal bodies and bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, is developing an approximate organizational and staffing structure and recommendations on the norms for equipping civil defense formations with equipment and property. Based on these recommendations, the heads of organizations (OE), taking into account the characteristics of potentially dangerous objects, create civil defense formations. Such formations can be rescue, medical, fire fighting, emergency technical, as well as reconnaissance, radiation and chemical surveillance, radiation and chemical protection, mechanization, etc. The personnel of civil defense formations are completed in peacetime at the expense of the personnel of organizations that continue to work during the period of mobilization and in wartime. Citizens of the Russian Federation can be enrolled in civil defense formations: men aged 18 to 60, women aged 18 to 55, with the exception of those liable for military service who have mobilization orders, disabled groups I, II and III, pregnant women with children under the age of 8 years, as well as women who have received secondary or higher medical education and have children under the age of 3 years. Civil defense formations are usually created in the form of detachments (200-400 people), teams (50-150 people), groups (15-40 people) and units (3-10 people). When determining the need for civil defense formations, the number of the object in wartime is taken as the basis. At small economic facilities (up to 500 people), only rescue formations of ordinary readiness are created. At facilities with a staff of 500 to 3 thousand people, consolidated groups are created; from 3 to 5 thousand - one consolidated team; from 5 to 8 thousand - two consolidated teams; from 8 to 15 thousand people - one consolidated detachment. The main purpose of the civil defense formations is to conduct rescue and other urgent work in the centers of destruction (contamination) and areas of catastrophic flooding, as well as the implementation of other civil defense activities. Classification of civil defense formations: 1) by appointment - formations of general purpose and civil defense services (special purpose); 2) by subordination - territorial and object formations; 3) by terms (degree) of readiness - formation of increased and ordinary readiness. К formations of civil defense services include posts of radiation and chemical observation, communication links, sanitary teams and sanitary posts, firefighting teams (departments, links), emergency technical groups (links), detachments (teams, groups) of radiation and chemical protection, groups (links) for maintenance of shelters and shelters, teams (groups, links) of public order protection, catering units, etc. The formations of civil defense services are created from specialists of the appropriate profile and are intended to carry out special work in the centers of destruction and to strengthen general-purpose formations. At the facilities of the chemical industry, especially those producing or using OHV, the radiation and chemical protection service is one of the most important services of the civil defense system. The structure of this service includes the following formations: 1) groups (links) of radiation and chemical reconnaissance and posts of radiation and chemical observation; 2) consolidated detachments (teams, groups) of radiation and chemical protection; 3) disinfection teams (groups) created on the basis of public utilities, enterprise improvement workshops, road maintenance sites, landscaping trust (management), etc. The task of these teams (groups) is to protect the personnel of the facility and the personnel of the formations from the effects of OHV, RV, OV and BS by the method of disinfection (degassing, decontamination, disinfection) of technological equipment, machinery, vehicles, personal protective equipment, clothing, footwear and other, and as well as sanitization of personnel of organizations and personnel of formations. Territorial and object formations of civil defense subdivided into general-purpose and special formations (civil defense services). General-purpose formations - consolidated emergency rescue teams, emergency rescue teams (groups) and reconnaissance groups of civil defense general intelligence; special formations - formations of civil defense services. Consolidated and emergency rescue teams (teams, groups) are designed to search for and carry out the injured, who are under the rubble in destroyed and damaged buildings and structures, provide first aid and delivery to loading sites, clearing rubble, digging and opening blocked and damaged protective structures , localization of accidents on utility and energy networks and other works. All special and most of the territorial formations are high-readiness formations with the possibility of their deployment within 6 hours from the moment they receive the appropriate signal to bring them to full readiness. The degree of readiness of territorial formations is established by the corresponding head of the civil defense. Object formations are completed, as a rule, according to the production principle - by workshops, sections, work shifts and teams. In each work shift, all types of formations are created, provided for the object as a whole. For the timely elimination of the consequences of accidents (catastrophes), natural disasters, forest fires, part of the facility formations, as well as specialized (territorial) ones, is kept on high alert. High readiness formations are staffed with personnel, equipment, vehicles, RHR devices and PPE sets in the first place and in such a way that their separation from work does not lead to disruption of the production process. Civil defense departments of objects, together with formation commanders, develop plans for bringing formations to readiness (as an appendix to the civil defense plan of the object). It should be noted that at the facilities of the chemical industry, instead of consolidated detachments (teams, groups) of general purpose, consolidated detachments (teams, groups) of radiation and chemical protection, firefighting teams and sanitary teams, as well as other formations are created. Approximate organization of civil defense formations Rescue Team (SC) - object formation of general purpose of normal readiness. It is intended for carrying out rescue operations at the facility. In its composition, the SC has three rescue groups of 25 people each and one sand crew - 24 people (6 units of 4 people each). In total, there are 105 people in the UK, 1 car, 1 motorcycle. There are PXR devices and hand tools for cutting metal. For 10 hours of work, the team can remove up to 1 thousand people from under the rubble and protective structures and provide first aid to the victims. Depending on the nature of the tasks performed, the team is strengthened by the formations of services. Emergency technical team (ATK) - object formation of normal or high readiness. It is intended for liquidation and localization of accidents and temporary restoration of damaged sections of utility and energy networks (IES). In its composition, the ATC has three groups of 13 people (electrical, water supply and sewerage and gas networks). There are 45 people in the ATC in total. The team includes specialists (electricians, plumbers, gas pipeliners) and mechanization equipment (bulldozer, excavator, truck crane, compressor and power plant). Usually, when performing AS&DNR, ATC and SC, working together, reinforce each other, which speeds up and facilitates the entire complex of work in the lesion. Consolidated team (SVK) - the main formation of a general purpose high readiness of an industrial facility. It is designed to carry out the entire AS&DNR complex in the focus of damage at the facility and can be involved in the elimination of the consequences of a natural disaster and industrial accidents both at the facility and at other facilities of the district (city). In its composition, the SVK has: a communication and intelligence link - 6 people; two rescue groups (SG) of 25 people each; mechanization group (GM) - 26 people (4 links of specialists) and sandruzhin (SD) - 24 people (6 links of 4 people each). Only 108 people. The team has a bulldozer, a truck crane, a compressor, 2 power stations, 2 welding machines, a radio station, RHR devices, 6 trucks, 1 of them in the communication link, 1 in the SD, 4 in the GM. Approximate capabilities of the SVK for 10 hours of work: 1) arrangement of passage through the blockage with a width of 3-3,5 m - up to 1 km; 2) excavation and opening of littered shelters - 3-4 pieces; 3) extraction of victims - up to 500 people and rendering assistance to them; 4) shutdown of 5-10 sections of destroyed IES; 5) installation of plugs (plugs) in 10 wells; 6) erection of protective structures - up to 10 pcs. When performing labor-intensive work, the SVK can be strengthened by the engineering equipment of the consolidated team of mechanization of work. Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.
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Comments on the article: Lyudmila For a long time I was looking for material on the emergency technical team. In almost all articles, there is more "water" than the necessary information. And here - briefly and clearly. Thanks for your work.
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