Classification of emergency situations of natural and man-made nature. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
Free library / Directory / Basics of safe life

Classification of emergency situations of natural and man-made nature. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

For the purpose of a unified approach to the assessment of emergency situations and the choice of a form of response to them, these situations are classified according to types, types, extent of distribution, severity of consequences, and some other features. In practice, a general classification of emergencies, as a rule, is made on the basis of their causes, sources and the most important indicators of their manifestation.

This classification of emergencies shown in diagrams 1 and 2.

Classification of natural and man-made emergencies

Scheme 1. Classification of natural emergencies

Classification of natural and man-made emergencies

Scheme 2. Classification of man-made emergencies

In addition, it is important to classify emergencies, reflecting their scale and severity of consequences. This classification takes into account such indicators as the number of injured people, the number of people whose living conditions were violated, the amount of material damage, the boundaries of the zones of action of damaging factors.

In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On the Protection of the Population and Territories from Natural and Technogenic Emergencies", the Regulations on the Classification of Natural and Technogenic Emergencies have been developed, according to which, according to the scale of distribution and severity of consequences, emergencies are divided into local, local, territorial, regional, federal and cross-border.

Local emergency - a situation in which no more than 10 people were injured, or the living conditions of no more than 100 people were violated, or material damage amounted to no more than 1 thousand minimum wages on the day of its occurrence, and its zone does not go beyond the territory industrial or social facility.

Local emergency - a situation in which 10 to 50 people were injured, or more than 100, but not more than 300 people, were violated, or material damage amounted to more than 1, but not more than 5 minimum wages on the day of its occurrence, and its zone does not go beyond the boundaries of the settlement (city, district).

Territorial emergency - a situation in which 50 to 500 people were injured, or the living conditions of more than 300, but not more than 500 people, were violated, or material damage amounted to more than 5, but not more than 500 minimum wages on the day of its occurrence, and its zone does not go beyond the boundaries of the subject of the Russian Federation.

Regional emergency - a situation as a result of which from 50 to 500 people were injured, or the living conditions of more than 500, but not more than 1000 people were violated, or material damage amounted to more than 0,5 million, but not more than 5 million minimum wages labor on the day of occurrence, and its zone covers the territory of two constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Federal emergency - a situation in which more than 500 people were injured, or the living conditions of more than 1000 people were violated, or material damage amounted to more than 5 million minimum wages on the day of its occurrence, and its zone extends beyond more than two subjects of the Russian Federation.

Cross-border emergency - a situation whose damaging factors go beyond the borders of the Russian Federation, or a situation that occurred abroad and affects the territory of the Russian Federation.

The classification of emergency situations adopted in Russia makes it possible in practice to assess their causes and extent, to determine the forces and means, financial, temporary and other resources necessary for their elimination.

Authors: Smirnov A.T., Shakhramanyan M.A., Durnev R.A., Kryuchek N.A.

We recommend interesting articles Section Basics of safe life:

▪ The impact of tobacco smoke on human health

▪ Theoretical foundations of life safety

▪ Self-defense weapons: classification, procedure for use

See other articles Section Basics of safe life.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Flexible material for pulse sensors 18.03.2017

A new material created by Swiss researchers turns heart rate (HR) sensors into something like embroidery used to decorate clothing. Flexible sensors are discreet when worn and do not cause discomfort, and garments with them can be washed as usual.

In fact, the sensor fibers consist of two polymeric materials with different properties. One serves as a light guide, and the other as a flexible protective coating. The fiber is formed from the melt. This technology is characterized by high productivity in mass production.

For measurement, light is supplied through one fiber, and the reflected light is read through the other. By analyzing the reflection, it is possible to determine the heart rate with the same accuracy as using a classic medical sensor in the form of a clip on the finger.

So far, measurements are limited to heart rate, but the project program provides for the creation of sensors to determine the level of oxygen saturation and pressure in tissues.

Other interesting news:

▪ Where and when were horses first tamed

▪ BeerBots mini-robots to speed up beer fermentation

▪ space wine

▪ Babies understand the meaning of work

▪ Found the reason for fluctuations in the brightness of the Sun

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Firmware. Article selection

▪ article Traumatology and orthopedics. Lecture notes

▪ article In which city is the hotel where the homeless sleep? Detailed answer

▪ article Electrician of linear structures of telephone communication and wire broadcasting. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article Power installations on solar energy. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Transistors of the KT6113 series. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews