Atmosphere, its pollution and consequences. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Atmosphere, its pollution and consequences. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Atmospheric air always contains some amount of impurities that come from natural and anthropogenic sources. Among the impurities emitted by natural sources, include dust of plant, volcanic, cosmic origin that occurs during soil erosion, particles of sea salt; fog; smoke and gas from forest and steppe fires; gases of volcanic origin; various products of plant and animal origin, other sources.

Natural sources of pollution are distributed (fallout of cosmic dust), local (forest fires, volcanic eruptions). The level of atmospheric pollution by natural sources is background and changes little over time.

The main anthropogenic atmospheric air pollution is created by motor transport, thermal power engineering and a number of industries.

The most common toxic substances polluting the atmosphere are: carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbons, dust and other toxic substances containing vapors of hydrofluoric, sulfuric, chromic, mineral acids, organic solvents, etc.; Thus, each branch of industry has a characteristic composition and mass of substances entering the atmosphere, which is determined by the composition of substances used in technological processes and the ecological perfection of these processes.

The consequences of atmospheric air pollution include: acid rain, the sources of which are gases containing sulfur and nitrogen. Acid rain occurs due to the uneven distribution of these gases in the atmosphere. Sources of sulfur and nitrogen compounds entering the atmosphere are natural (volcanic activity, soil emissions, etc.) and anthropogenic (thermal power plants, industry, etc.). Sulfuric and nitric acids enter the atmosphere in the form of mists and vapors from industrial enterprises and vehicles. Acid rain has a direct effect on metal structures, buildings, monuments, and is also dangerous when it enters water bodies and soil, leading to a decrease in pH, which increases the content of metals and their compounds in the human body, animals and plants.

Smog - in the atmosphere in sunny weather, the necessary presence of nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbons, which are emitted into the atmosphere by vehicles and industrial enterprises. The impact of smog on humans and vegetation is damage to vegetation, eye irritation in humans and animals, exacerbation of respiratory diseases in humans, etc.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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In the past five years, at the suggestion of American entrepreneur Elon Musk, scientists have begun to seriously think about the colonization of Mars and other potentially habitable planets. To do this, we need to solve two main problems: to learn how to produce energy from local resources, as well as oxygen, water and food.

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