The biosphere and man's place in it. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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The biosphere and man's place in it. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

In the life cycle, a person and his environment form a constantly operating system. "man - environment".

Habitat - the environment surrounding a person, determined at the moment by a combination of factors (physical, chemical, biological, social) that can have a direct or indirect, immediate or remote impact on human activity, his health and offspring.

Acting in this system, a person continuously solves at least two main tasks: provides his needs for food, water and air; creates and uses protection from negative influences from both the environment and its own kind.

The negative impacts inherent in the environment have existed for as long as the world has existed. Sources of natural negative impacts are natural phenomena in the biosphere: climate change, thunderstorms, earthquakes, etc.

The constant struggle for their existence forced a person to find and improve means of protection from the natural negative effects of the environment. For many centuries, the human habitat has slowly changed its appearance and, as a result, the types and levels of negative impacts have changed little. From the middle of the XIX century. began an active growth of human impact on the environment. In the XX century. zones of increased pollution of the biosphere arose on Earth, which led to partial, and in some cases to complete regional degradation. These changes were largely facilitated by: high rates of population growth on Earth and its urbanization; growth in consumption and concentration of energy resources; intensive development of industrial and agricultural production; mass use of means of transport; growth of expenses for military purposes and a number of other processes. The reasons for the population explosion were advances in medicine, an increase in the comfort of work and life, the intensification and growth of agricultural productivity.

Urbanization contributes to an increase in productive activity in many areas, solving social, cultural and educational problems of society, while continuously worsening living conditions in the regions, destroying the natural environment in them. The increase in the population of the Earth and military needs stimulate the growth of industrial production, etc., leading to an increase in the production of energy and the consumption of raw materials. The development of agriculture is associated with the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, which, by increasing soil fertility and fighting pests, are harmful to human health.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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