Meteorological emergencies. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Meteorological emergencies. Fundamentals of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Meteorological emergencies can be caused by the following reasons:

1) wind, including storm, hurricane, tornado (at a speed of 25 m/s or more, for the Arctic and Far Eastern seas - 30 m/s or more);

2) heavy rain (with precipitation of 50 mm or more for 12 hours or more, and in mountainous, mudflow and rainy areas - 30 ml or more for 12 hours);

3) large hail (with a hailstone diameter of 20 mm or more);

4) heavy snowfall (with precipitation of 20 mm or more in 12 hours);

5) strong snowstorms (wind speed of 15 m/s or more);

6) dust storms;

7) frosts (when the air temperature during the growing season on the soil surface drops below 0 °C);

8) severe frost or extreme heat.

These natural phenomena, in addition to tornadoes, hail and squalls, lead to natural disasters, as a rule, in three cases: when they occur in one third of the territory of the region (krai, republic), cover several administrative regions and last at least 6 hours.

The movement of air relative to the earth is called wind. The strength of the wind is estimated by Beaufort scale.

Hurricane - it is a cyclone in which the pressure in the center is very low, and the winds reach a large and destructive force. The wind speed can reach 25 km/h. Sometimes hurricanes on land are called a storm, and at sea - a storm, a typhoon.

Storm - This is a wind that is slower than a hurricane. However, it is quite high and reaches 15-20 m/s.

Hurricanes are divided into tropical and extratropical.

Hurricanes are one of the most powerful forces of the elements and, in terms of their detrimental effects, are not inferior to such terrible natural disasters as earthquakes.

Storms are divided into eddy and flow storms.

Vortex storms are dusty, snowy and squall. In winter they turn into snow. In Russia, such storms are often called blizzard, snowstorm, snowstorm.

Dust storms - These are atmospheric disturbances, in which a large amount of dust is raised into the air, transferred over considerable distances.

Tornado - this is an atmospheric vortex that occurs in a thundercloud and then spreads in the form of a dark sleeve or trunk towards the surface of the land or sea.

A tornado usually occurs in the warm sector of a cyclone and moves along with the cyclone at a speed of 10–20 m/s. A tornado travels a path from 1 to 60 km long. A tornado is accompanied by a thunderstorm, rain, hail and, if it reaches the surface of the Earth, it almost always causes great destruction, sucks in water and objects that are on its way, lifts them high up and carries them over long distances. A tornado at sea is a danger to ships. A tornado over land is called a blood clot, in the USA - tornado.

It is extremely difficult to predict the place and time of the appearance of a tornado, therefore, for the most part, they arise suddenly for people, and it is all the more impossible to predict their consequences.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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