Accidents at fire and explosive facilities. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Accidents at fire and explosive facilities. Fundamentals of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Fire - this is burning, as a result of which material values are uselessly and irretrievably destroyed and damaged, and a danger to human life and health is created.

Fire- и explosive objects (PVOO) enterprises that produce, store, transport explosive products or products that, under certain conditions, acquire the ability to ignite or explode.

According to explosive, explosion-fire and fire hazards, air defense facilities are divided into five categories, objects belonging to categories A, B, C are especially dangerous.

Category A - oil refineries, chemical plants, pipelines, oil product storages.

Category B - workshops for the preparation and transportation of coal dust, wood flour, powdered sugar, sacking and grinding departments of mills.

Category B - sawmills, woodworking, carpentry, model, sawmill production.

Category D - warehouses and enterprises associated with the processing and storage of non-combustible substances in a hot state, as well as with the combustion of solid, liquid or gaseous fuels.

Category D - warehouses and enterprises for the storage of fireproof substances and materials in a cold state, such as meat, fish and other products.

Characteristics of accidents at fire and explosive facilities.

Airborne accidents include:

1) fires followed by an explosion;

2) gaseous (liquefied) hydrocarbon products;

3) fuel-air mixtures and other explosive substances.

The damaging factors of accidents at air defense facilities include:

1) air shock wave with the formation of fragmentation fields;

2) thermal and light radiation and, as a result, air pollution in the affected area with carbon monoxide and OM.

The nature and degree of damage to people depends on the degree of their protection:

1) heavy injuries are expressed by severe concussion, loss of consciousness and numerous complex bone fractures;

2) average - dislocations of limbs, contusion of the brain, damage to the hearing organs;

3) lungs - short-lived functional disorders.

The main issues of fire safety of objects (enterprises) are set out in Building codes and regulations.

The fire protection of objects depends on the purpose of buildings, their fire resistance and operation mode, the number of people who are simultaneously in the room, the amount of combustible materials and substances in enterprises, and other factors.

For each object, a specific fire mode - a set of certain measures and fire safety requirements established for the facility and subject to mandatory implementation by all employees of this facility.

It is determined by the rules, instructions, orders and orders of the head of the enterprise.

One of the promising areas that ensure the fire safety of facilities, - installation of fire-fighting automation.

To report a fire, you can use:

1) electrical (EPS);

2) automatic (APS);

3) sound fire alarm systems;

4) beep;

5) siren;

6) telephone;

7) radio communication.

Currently, enterprises use beam and ring electric fire alarms.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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For the first time, astronomers have been able to study what is happening in the vicinity of the event horizon of the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way and discover that strong and highly variable magnetic fields are present in its vicinity and in the disk of matter that surrounds it.

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