Normative-technical and organizational bases of the Belarusian Railways. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Normative-technical and organizational bases of the Belarusian Railways. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

The legal basis of legislation in the field of ensuring the BD is Constitution - the basic law of the state, where it is established that labor and health of people are protected in the Russian Federation; Everyone has the right to a healthy environment. Laws and other legal acts adopted in the Russian Federation must not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

These foundations include: environmental safety, labor protection and emergency situations.

1. Environmental safety. Ensuring environmental safety on the territory of the Russian Federation, the formation and strengthening of environmental law and order are based on the operation of the Federal Law of 1992 "On Environmental Protection" in combination with measures of organizational, legal, economic and educational impact.

The law contains a set of rules for environmental protection in the new conditions of economic development and regulates environmental relations in the sphere of the entire natural environment, without singling out its individual objects, the protection of which is dedicated to special legislation. The objectives of this legislation are: protection of the natural environment, prevention of the harmful effects of economic or other activities, improvement of the natural environment, improvement of its quality.

The standards include MPC (chemical, physical, biological origin). Environmental requirements are imposed on all economic entities, regardless of ownership and subordination.

2. Labor protection - this is a system for ensuring the safety of life and health of workers in the process of labor activity, including legal, socio-economic, organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive, rehabilitation and other measures.

The main directions of state policy in the field of labor protection:

1) recognition and provision of the priority of the life and health of employees in relation to the results of the production activities of enterprises;

2) the establishment of uniform regulatory requirements for labor protection for enterprises of all forms of ownership, regardless of the scope of economic activity and departmental subordination;

3) protection of the interests of workers affected by accidents at work and others.

3. Emergencies. Since 1998, the Federal Law "On Civil Defense" has been in force. The law defines the tasks, the legal basis for their implementation and the powers of state authorities of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments and organizations in the field of civil defense. The main tasks of civil defense:

1) teaching the population how to protect themselves from the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions;

2) notification of the population about the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions;

3) evacuation of the population, material and cultural values to safe areas;

4) provision of shelters and personal protective equipment to the population;

5) carrying out rescue operations in case of danger to the population, etc.

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Wind turbine efficiency increased 08.06.2014

By changing the design of the blades, General Electric engineers were able to improve the efficiency of wind turbines.

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A serious problem with modern wind farms is that they are not efficient enough - to replace one coal-fired thermal power plant, it is necessary to build a wind farm consisting of thousands of turbines occupying a large area. According to experts, the efficiency of wind turbines depends on the size of the blades and the height at which the rotor is located. The larger the rotor and the higher it is, the more efficient the windmill is. For this reason, in recent years, the height of wind turbines has been increased from an average of 15,2 m to 152 m.

General Electric engineers proposed cutting a 27-meter blade in half and inserting a 7-meter part into it, the contours of which exactly match the contour of the original blade. According to the company, this operation on the blades increases the performance of the wind turbine by 20% when operating with low wind speeds.

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