Wasteless production. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Wasteless production. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

An active form of protecting the environment of populated areas from the harmful effects of industrial enterprises is the transition to low-waste and waste-free technologies. Under zero-waste technology and production, wasteless system understand not just the technology or production of a particular product, but the principle of organizing the functioning of production. At the same time, all components of raw materials and energy are rationally used in a closed cycle (primary raw materials - production - consumption - secondary raw materials), i.e., the existing ecological balance in the biosphere is disturbed.

The transition to low-waste technologies makes it possible to design and produce technological equipment with closed cycles for the movement of liquid and gaseous substances. For example, technologies with gas recirculation have been introduced in the production of fertilizers, which drastically reduces emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

Low-waste technology is an intermediate step in the creation of waste-free production.

With low-waste production, the harmful impact on the environment does not exceed the level allowed by the sanitary authorities, but for technical, economic, organizational or other reasons, part of the raw materials and materials goes into waste and is sent for long-term storage or disposal.

The basis of non-waste production is a complex processing of raw materials using all components, since production waste is a part of the raw materials that has not been used for one reason or another. At the same time, the development of resource-saving technologies is of great importance.

Low-waste and waste-free technology should provide:

1) complex processing of raw materials using all its components based on the creation of new waste-free processes;

2) creation and release of new types of products, taking into account the requirements of reuse;

3) processing of production and consumption waste to obtain marketable products or any beneficial use thereof without violating the ecological balance;

4) use of closed industrial water supply systems;

5) creation of non-waste complexes.

Thus, in mechanical engineering, the development of low-waste technological processes is associated with the need to increase the metal utilization factor. Increasing it not only provides technical and economic benefits, but also reduces the amount of waste and harmful emissions into the environment.

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