Gravity can create light. Free Technical Library News

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Gravity can create light

20.04.2023

Work from Swinburne University of Technology showed that under the exotic conditions of the early universe, gravitational waves could perturb space-time so violently that they spontaneously produced light.

When you sit on a swing and want to swing harder, you start moving your legs back and forth. You quickly find the right rhythm to swing at the right moment. This special kind of phenomenon is known in physics as parametric resonance. When your legs move at the resonant frequency of the system, they can transfer energy to the system, causing the swing to rise higher.

These kinds of resonances are found everywhere, and a team of researchers found that an exotic form of parametric resonance could have originated in the very early universe.

Perhaps one of the most important phenomena in the entire history of the universe was inflation. This is a hypothetical event that happened when our universe was less than a second. During inflation, the cosmos expanded to enormous proportions, becoming many orders of magnitude larger. The end of inflation must have been very chaotic as gravitational waves splashed in all directions throughout space.

Usually gravitational waves are very weak. Detectors had to be built that could measure vibrations smaller than the width of an atomic nucleus in order to detect gravitational waves passing through the Earth. But the researchers note that in the very early universe, these gravitational waves could become very strong. In those places where they were strongest, the waves could give an exceptional amount of energy.

The authors of the work calculated that this could have serious consequences for the electromagnetic field that existed at that time in the early Universe. Areas of intense gravity could wake up the electromagnetic field enough to release some of its energy as radiation, creating light.

This result gives rise to a completely new phenomenon: the generation of light only due to gravity. There are no situations in the modern universe where this can happen, but physicists have shown that the early universe was a much stranger place than one might imagine.

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Space rockets on wastewater 29.03.2022

Spanish scientists want to convert wastewater from astronauts on Mars into rocket fuel using solar energy.

If humans are to survive on Mars, they will need to use all available resources, including astronaut sewage. Scientists have come up with a technology that uses sunlight to produce rocket fuel from this waste.

The creation of a new technological process for the production of fuel on Mars is carried out by the Spanish technology company Tekniker.

"We want to create the first reactor for the production of space fuel on Mars, using the planet's air, which is 95% carbon dioxide. The reactor will be powered by sunlight, and astronauts' wastewater will be used to produce rocket fuel," says specialist Borja Pozo from Tekniker.

With the help of the new technology, it will also be possible to purify the water, and the astronauts will be able to reuse it. This project is reminiscent of the plot of the science fiction film "The Martian", in which Matt Damon's character survived on Mars by using the products of his life to fertilize the soil. Thanks to this, he was able to grow vegetables.

The "photoelectrochemical" system on Mars will rely on highly efficient catalytic materials to produce hydrocarbons such as methane, as well as carbon monoxide or alcohols from carbon dioxide and wastewater.

"When traveling to Mars, a lot of substances will be a scarce product. Therefore, CO2 is a valuable resource for the production of chemicals and fuels," says Pozo.

It will be interesting to combine wastewater treatment with CO2 fuel production.

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