A ship without sail and propeller. Drawing, description

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A ship without sail and propeller. Tips for a modeler

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Rowing, sailing, wheeled, screw ... What other types of ships do you know? Don't guess. The model that we offer you to test at the test site does not have a mover at all. Moves it ... sea water. And the engine itself works on the principle of an MHD generator.

You can equip any toy with such an engine, as long as the dimensions allow it to be placed and there is enough space for the battery. And to understand its operation, let's briefly consider how the MHD generator works. Its essence is that it converts the energy of a hot ionized gas or plasma into electrical energy. Here is its model counterpart. Figure 1 shows a generator model, of course, simplified. The plasma here is replaced by an electrolyte of an alkaline battery, and plates from a power transformer are used as the core, the central tongues of which are shortened by 1,5-2 cm. The thickness of the core set is Ш16 -28 mm. Its dimensions are not fundamental, but the power depends on them. The coil is wound on a dielectric frame with copper enameled wire with a diameter of 0,8-1,0 mm. It is important that the magnetic field strength in the slot of the core is 10...20 oersteds. The number of turns in each coil is 000-120 turns. The larger and smaller the gap between them, the higher the magnetic field strength, and hence the electrolyte flow rate.

Vessel without sail and propeller
Rice. 1. Magnetohydrodynamic generator: 1 - magnetic circuit, 2 - channel, 3 - lining.

In the slot of the core there is a channel made of plexiglass, on the opposite walls of which electrodes made of sheet brass or copper are glued. They are connected to a DC source with regulated voltage from 100 to 200 volts.

Our model of an MHD generator does not generate electricity, but only demonstrates the principle of operation. But it can be used as an electrolyte transfer pump. Having understood how the layout works, it is easy to understand the operation of the MHD engine, which we will install in the model case.

Take a look at Figure 2. The details of the engine are similar to the details of the generator layout. It is worth lowering it into an electrolyte solution (and it can be sea or salted water), applying voltage, as a stream of electrolytic liquid will rush into the gap of the core. It is he who sets the model in motion.

Rice. 2. Field lines of magnetic and electric fields of the MHD generator (click to enlarge): 1 - magnetic field lines; 2 - magnetic circuit; 3 - coil; 4 - lines of force of the electric field; 5 - lining.

To make the engine easier to fit into the body of the model, it is better to take a U-shaped core, shortening each shoulder by 5 mm. The coil can be used the same as in the breadboard.

Before installation, the engine is impregnated with nitro-lacquer and dried. The gaps are covered with sealant. But you can successfully use epoxy glue, after preparing the surface. Opposite the gap of the core, two electrodes are installed at a slight angle to the axis of the vessel.

After checking the quality of the seams and making sure there are no leaks, load the model with a portion of the load, including batteries. And there are a lot of them - six flat batteries from a flashlight. If the displacement of the model does not provide such a "carrying capacity", the engine will have to be powered from a source located on the shore.

The onboard power supply consists of six flat batteries connected in threes - one triple in parallel, the other in series. The battery, assembled in series, is connected to the coil, and connected in parallel to the plates. Now let's see what happens when the electric current is turned on. In crossed electric and magnetic fields, the Lorentz force will try to push the electrolyte molecules out of the gap, which will create a flow that will move the model forward.

Sea water or other electrolyte then acts as the rotor of the induction motor.

It is possible to increase the fluid flow rate, and hence the efficiency of the engine, by increasing the potential on the plates in the gap or the current in the coil. For example, by increasing the voltage using a semiconductor converter with a multiplier, and the current - by changing the number of batteries in the power source.

Testing the boat, as you understand, is best done in sea water or in the bathroom, dissolving a pack of table salt in it.

Author: N.Voronin

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