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MODELING
Powder rocket engine. Tips for a modeller
Directory / Radio control equipment For the rocket model, you need to make a powder engine. For such an engine, it is convenient to use a 12-gauge cardboard gun case for the Zhevelo primer. A mixture of dispersed sulfur, potassium nitrate and charcoal is stuffed inside the sleeve. Instead of charcoal, you can use Carbolen charcoal tablets. Preparing the mixture and stuffing the cartridge with it is the most difficult operation in the manufacture of a rocket model. Each of the components of this mixture is not dangerous in isolation. Thus, for example, saltpeter does not burn, while sulfur and coal burn very slowly. If these substances are mixed, then their properties for ignition change. We need to prepare a mixture with a high content of coal, otherwise it may flare up from the slightest spark. It must be remembered that launching model rockets is completely safe only if you strictly follow all the rules for preparing the engine charge and launching it at the start of the model. You will learn about them from this article. The mixture for the model rocket engine should consist of 75 g of saltpeter, 12 g of sulfur and 35 g of coal. Previously, before mixing, all components must be carefully ground into powder in a porcelain mortar or in a leather bag. The resulting powder should be sifted through a fine sieve. The smaller the grains of the constituent parts, the more fully the energy of the fuel will be used for the flight of the rocket. It is necessary to start preparing the charge with coal, and then prepare saltpeter and sulfur. Coal and saltpeter have the ability to absorb moisture, so the finished composition should be well dried to flowability and stored in a dry place. When the preparation of the individual components is completed, you can proceed to weighing and mixing. It is necessary to weigh the resulting powder of each component on a pharmacy scale and adjust the weight of the components in accordance with the weight indicated above (75, 12, 35 g). After weighing, the mixture is thoroughly mixed on a piece of paper until the entire composition is homogeneous. Then, before stuffing, this mixture is moistened with alcohol (for every 100-150 g of the mixture, 3-5 g of alcohol). Dry, not moistened with alcohol, the composition should not be used. After wetting with alcohol, the mixture is carefully ground and mixed. In the manufacture of the mixture can not be in a hurry. During this operation, it is necessary to strictly observe all precautionary measures and especially the procedure for performing work. In order to fill the sleeve with the prepared mixture, it is necessary to prepare the following devices: a pin (Fig. 1), a matrix (Fig. 2), a latch (Fig. 3), a hammer weighing 400 g, two hammers - one with a hole (Fig. 4, on the right), another without it (on the left) and a hunting "twist" (Fig. 6). A spin can be bought at a hunting supply store. A sleeve is inserted into the matrix, into which a pin is inserted from below, which is fixed in the matrix with a latch. The surface of the upper stud of the pin must be carefully machined and polished, otherwise the channel in the engine charge may crumble. The lower pin of the rod is inserted into a massive wooden block or stump.
Pour 2-3 g of the mixture into the sleeve. Then take a punch with a hole (Fig. 4, on the right), insert it into the sleeve and hit it with a hammer 15-20 times; and at first, inflict 3-4 weak blows so that the air in the composition comes out, and then stronger ones.
The approximate placement of all fixtures and parts for assembling the engine is shown in Figure 5.
In order for the packing to be of the same density, the number of hammer blows on the heel for each backfill must be the same. Use a punch with a hole only as long as the pin of the pin is not recessed. As soon as the compacted mixture completely covers the pin of the pin, it is necessary to continue stuffing with a hammer, but without a hole. The composition of the mixture is pressed into the sleeve so that it does not reach the edges by 10 mm. A cardboard wad with a 4-5 mm hole in the center is superimposed on the pressed composition.
The sleeve is removed from the matrix. To do this, the latch is removed, and then the pin is removed with a slight downward turn and the matrix is removed from the sleeve. After that, the sleeve is inserted into the twist and filled. In this case, the wad is pressed from above, and the edges of the sleeve are bent inward with a twist plug. This plug is lowered on the screw. The engine is ready. A few words about the launch of a powder rocket engine. To ignite the composition inside the sleeve, it is necessary to use an electric igniter, or, as it is called, an electric igniter. The simplest electric fuse consists of a low-voltage transformer, wires, clamps and a plug (Fig. 8).
A thin wire capable of glowing red-hot is inserted into the engine channel. The current is turned on and the motor starts to run. The distance from the launching rocket to the current switch must be at least 10 m. There should be no one on the area of this radius before the start. If you can not connect alternating current, then you can make a battery electric igniter. Figure 9 shows a diagram of an electric ignition device with a control lamp for checking the circuit and with a miniature knife switch.
Author: V. Eskov
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