Distribution valve instead of spool. Drawing, description

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Distribution valve instead of spool. Tips for a modeler

Modeling

Every modeller wants the engine installed on his model to start with one pull and run like clockwork. But fine-tuning the motor is not only a matter of jewelry accuracy. It requires not only considerable knowledge, but also certain abilities. After all, the manufacture and adjustment of any part or assembly is unthinkable without its "tricks". How many worries does one suction system bring! The variety of its constructive solutions shows that the optimal variant has not yet been found.

Recently, more and more people are turning to valve structures. And in fact, this option for inlet of the working mixture into the crankcase has a number of advantages over the conventional spool suction system. First of all, the valve works automatically. There is no need to select the opening phases of the spool. But often this selection is carried out purely intuitively, or data from other engines that have shown good results are taken. And then the suction phases are determined (with an unknown degree of accuracy) only for one mode and without taking into account the need to change them even for identical engines that have a different mechanical state. The valve itself adjusts to the engine speed, providing a good start and access to the maximum power mode with a resonant exhaust pipe. In addition, there are no friction losses in the spool assembly, which are not so small.

The valve, which will be discussed, is mounted in the rear wall of the motor with a working volume of 2,5 cm3. The case is made of material D16T. Landing dimensions a and b are carried out but the existing crankcase. To reduce the volume under the piston, it is desirable either to cut off the shaft driver that drives the spool, or to make the engine wall with an annular groove for this driver. The channel for the core is bored on a milling machine or on a lathe using a specially made square. The hole going into the engine crankcase is brought to a rectangular section with needle files.

The valve core is made with a carburetor diffuser. Material - D16T or V95. The bifurcated channel, closed with petals, is done as follows: a central hole is drilled to the future jumper, then beveled planes are milled. You can "ennoble" it by sawing the jumper to a diamond-shaped section. Do not forget to mark the edge of the future channel before this. It should be no closer than 1,5 mm from the boundaries of the plane on which the petals will lie.

Now it's up to the petals themselves. The best material for them is sheet spring steel with a thickness of 0,03 mm. You can also use titanium foil of the same thickness. It is permissible to cut them with scissors, but it is better to apply etching, followed by cleaning the edges on an abrasive stone.

Distribution valve (click to enlarge): 1 - body, 2 - insert, 3 - gasket, 4 - lobe, 5 - core, 6 - jet

An important part of the valve is the profiled insert. She has two tasks. The first is to reduce the volume of the crankcase. The second is to give the folding plates a shape that facilitates their quick return to the closed position and a sharper cutting off of the mixture flow. The insert makes it possible to apply foil, which cannot be done with a free bend. And the thickness is the stiffness of the petals, their weight, inertia and the clarity of the valve opening. The thin material makes it possible to securely open the entire cross section of a rather wide inlet channel, which cannot be said about the previously used freely bending plates.

The best insert material is kapron. It is quite elastic and does not form small villi when worn, like textolite. Turn several workpieces at once by drilling a technological hole Ø 7 mm in each of them along the axis. It will allow you to process the insertion channel with needle files, and it makes sense on different parts to make different bends of the surfaces on which the folding petals lie. By selecting inserts, you can achieve perfect operation of the entire valve. On the same surface, it is useful to make a series of grooves or holes to avoid sticking of the petals. Its profile should approach a parabola, which will give the highest valve closing speed.

When assembling, achieve the desired position of the core by selecting the thickness of the gasket. It is better if its jumper is in the plane of symmetry of the engine. This will ensure that the piston is effectively cooled by both parts of the fresh mix jet.

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The future can influence the past 15.03.2023

In 2022, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for experimental work that showed that the quantum world must break some of our fundamental ideas about how the universe works.

In the published article there is a statement that in order to preserve modern physics, science must admit the possibility of the influence of the future on the past. It may seem unusual, but in fact, scientists have been considering such an idea for a long time.

In modern physics, in particular in quantum mechanics, there are several strange phenomena that cannot be explained by ordinary physical laws. One of them is the measurement delay effect, when the mere fact of measurement can change the measurement result. This means that the very process of measurement affects what is being measured, and this is contrary to the usual understanding of physics.

Some scientists believe that this strange phenomenon may be due to the fact that the future can influence the past. According to this theory, measurement affects what happens in the future, and this in turn can affect what happened in the past.

It may sound strange, but many experiments confirm that quantum mechanics is contrary to the usual intuition and understanding of physics. Scientists offer different theories to explain these phenomena, and the possibility of the influence of the future on the past is one of them.

Of course, this does not mean that we can turn back time or change what happened in the past. It's just that this theory gives us a different perspective on how the world works and opens up new possibilities for further research. In particular, such an approach can help solve some problems in quantum computing based on the use of quantum phenomena.

In addition, the idea that the future can influence the past has practical applications. For example, it can help improve the accuracy of some instruments that measure physical quantities.

The influence of the future on the past proves that modern physics is not a complete science, and there is always room for new discoveries and research.

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