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MODELING
rocket glider models. Tips for a modeler
Directory / Radio control equipment Category S4 A rocket plane is an aircraft that rises into the air using the thrust of a rocket engine, and returns to the ground, gliding with the engines turned off - using aerodynamic lift. This requirement applies to all three categories of rocket gliders for flight duration - S4, S8, S10. And each has its own differences. S4 is a model glider with a booster that can separate during flight. S8 - a model of a radio-controlled rocket glider, S10 - a model of a rocket with a soft wing (Rogallo wing).
Models of the category of rocket planes "by age" are not inferior to parachute models (SXNUMX). At the stage of the emergence and formation of rocket modeling, there was no division into independent categories, there was only one category of rocket planes. In 1966, the International Aviation Federation (FAI), or rather its commission on rocket and space models, developed a sports code in which all rocket planes were divided into four classes and had bird names: "Sparrow", "Swift", "Eagle" and " Condor". According to the FAI code changed in 1975 and 1989, rocket planes were divided into categories and classes, depending on the total impulse of the engines and the starting mass. The classes became five, and since 2001 - six, and the requirements in each category were clarified. Today our conversation is about the category of S4 rocket planes - models of gliders with an accelerator. It is divided into five classes. The most popular class is S4A - championship. The technical requirements for these sports "projectiles" are as follows: the minimum starting weight is 18 g, the maximum is 60 g. dm25. If this condition is not met, the flight is considered invalid. Since the inception of rocket plane models, this category has always been distinguished by an abundance of schemes and designs. It is in it that the search for original technical solutions is constantly going on, it is in it that there is a place for the creative thought of a model designer. Speaking about S4 rocket plane models, there are three main schemes according to which sports "shells" of this category are built today. The first - models of the so-called "aircraft" scheme. With the construction of rocket planes, outwardly similar to an airplane, the development of models in this category begins. Apparently, at that time, rocket modelers felt some influence from aviation - since it was necessary to have stable planning, then it was necessary to build a model according to the classical scheme, as they say, "aircraft". But it must be admitted that today such a scheme of aircraft is almost never used. The main reason is the high probability of getting a zero mark for takeoff. Very often the judges do not score such a launch, because aerodynamic lift is used during takeoff. Rocketeers stubbornly sought ways to perfect the launch characteristics of their rocket gliders. So, in 1972, A. Gavrilov (Krasnozavodsk) developed a model of a rocket plane with a rotary wing along the fuselage. Modeler S. Morozov (Elekstrostal) in 1974 proposed a wing, the consoles of which were folded to the center section before launch, retracted to the tail section, acting as a stabilizer, and after the expelling charge of the MRD was triggered, they occupied the necessary position for planning. In 1982, at the All-Union competitions, an original model of a rocket plane was presented, the developers of which were Moscow athletes under the guidance of coach V.I. Minakov. In this design, the technical ideas of the above-named modellers were visible - this is the folding of the consoles and the rotary wing. It is this scheme of the rocket glider, the so-called "Moscow", that is widely used today by modellers. When folded (during takeoff), the rocket plane resembles an ordinary rocket - the wing is located along the fuselage. After firing the MRD (at an altitude of about 200 m), the wing turns under the action of the rubber bands, and its consoles open, turning the model into an ordinary glider. Even today, this scheme of rocket planes is preferred by most of the modellers. The group of rocket planes is made up of aircraft made according to the "flying wing" scheme. The author and developer of it is the teacher of the aerospace club "Soyuz" VN Khokhlov. Hence the name of this scheme of the rocket glider - "Khokhlovskaya". For the first time in flight, this rocket plane model was seen at the Moscow Championship in the early 90s of the last century. It met all the technical requirements of this category: it could perform a vertical takeoff (within 30 ° from the vertical), gliding steadily, had a small mass and, consequently, a low wing loading. Athletes with such rocket planes performed at many competitions. There were successes and failures. But the work continued, modelers-designers improved their sports "weapons". So, from a foam wing they came to a type-setting frame, thereby reducing the flight weight and increasing the rigidity of the structure. Rocket planes of such a scheme are of a container type. Glider (flying wing) - folding, fits into the rocket body (container). This gives a great advantage in flight altitude. The disadvantages, I would include the difficulty of monitoring the model and not always sustainable planning. It was with models of such a scheme that the “rocketmen” of Belarus and Japan performed at the 16th World Championship. Success accompanied the Belarusian athletes, who became the first (V. Minkevich) and third (A. Lipai) winners of the world championship. Drawings and description of such a model are published in "M-K" No. 1 for 2008. Let's get acquainted in more detail with an interesting model of a rocket plane of the S4 category. Rocketplane - for victory Since 2009, in the FAI Code and the Rules for holding competitions in Russia, a change in the technical requirements for models of category S4 (rocketplanes) has come into force, which allows the discharge of a used engine (MRD) only in a container, or not to separate it from the model at all. Alexei Reshetnikov from Sergiev Posad, near Moscow, took the second path. And I must say, at all major Russian competitions In 2009, Alexey was the winner - at the Cup and the Russian Championship, All-Russian starts for the prize of S.P. Korolev. A little about the designer himself. In the ranks of the leading rocket modeling athletes, Alexei Reshetnikov firmly entrenched himself in 2000. His debut in 1990 was also a championship. Then Aleksey took first place in the regional competition in the class of models of rockets with a parachute - S1993A. And in 7 A. Reshetnikov became the champion of Russia among young men in the class of SXNUMX copy models. At all competitions - from all-Russian to international, in which Alexei started, he invariably became the champion. Since 2000, Alexey has been a member of the national team, winner of the Russian and European championships. And then he becomes a master of sports. In 2002, after winning the World Championship, in the team event in the class of models of rotochutes (S9B), Alexey was awarded the title of master of sports of international class. Since 2004, Alexey has been a teacher of additional education at the Yunost Technical Creativity Center in Sergiev Posad. And in 2005, at the European Championship, he won a silver medal in the individual competition in the class of rocket planes (S4). The year 2008 was also successful for the athlete Reshetnikov. At the World Championships in Spain, he became the winner in the individual competition in the class of models with a parachute and the winner in the team competition. Today, his pupils continue the victorious traditions of their teacher. Thus, Dima Lysikov (class S9A) and Danila Biryukov (class S4A) became the winners of the regional competitions this year.
As far as I know Alexey (and this is more than 10 years), I am always amazed at his amazing modesty and openness. It is distinguished by a respectful attitude towards young and adult "rocketmen" athletes. At the first request to help with advice or deed - trouble-free. As a man, he is attractive and friendly, enjoys authority among fellow teachers. All A. Reshetnikov's achievements are the result of creative search, the desire to do something new, unknown in a small aircraft called a rocket model. The pages of the magazine have already published drawings and descriptions of sports "shells" of "rocketmen" from Sergiev Posad. I believe that the material offered today will be of interest to our readers. At a glance - rocket plane A. Reshetnikova (class S4A) does not attract the attention of athletes - the usual "Moscow" scheme. But upon closer examination, especially in flight, you see all the design features of this model. One of them is a large (compared to others) wing aspect ratio - about 11, and the mass of the rocket plane is only 18 g. The fuselage is a carbon fiber conical beam 475 mm long, glued on a mandrel of variable section with a diameter at the ends of 7,6 and 3,5 mm. The technology of its formation is as follows. The metal mandrel is heated and lubricated with separating mastic (edelvax). After allowing the mandrel to cool, a layer of fiberglass 0,03 mm thick impregnated with epoxy resin is wound around it, then a layer of carbon fiber 0,14 mm thick is wound on it. After a short drying of the resin, the resulting workpiece is wrapped with a magnetic tape 4–6 mm wide and placed in a drying chamber (temperature from 70 to 80°C). After 2,5 - 3 hours, after allowing the resin to harden, the resulting workpiece is released from the tape and, clamped into a lathe chuck, processed and trimmed along a length of 475 mm. Two balsa bosses are glued inside the beam. One - at a distance of 145 - 150 mm from the front cut - for the "fungus", in which an M2 thread is made for attaching the wing. He, "fungus", is also the axis of its rotation. Another boss is glued at a distance of 90 mm from the front end of the fuselage - to strengthen the attachment point of the return elastic hook. A linden fairing is placed in the bow and profiled as shown in the top view of the drawing. Then a pylon for the MRD container is attached from below. It is a balsa plate five mm thick and 12x30 mm in size. In front, the pylon is pointed along the contour of the fuselage. An MRD container is attached to the pylon from below - a plastic tube 32 mm long with an inner diameter of 10,2 mm and an ogive fairing. A through horizontal hole with a diameter of 1,5 mm is drilled at the point where the fairing is attached to the container. It serves to thread a fixing thread that holds the wing folded for takeoff, and contributes to the release of gases when the expelling charge of the MRD is triggered at the end of the active phase of the flight. At a distance of 152,5 mm from the fuselage fairing (5), a balsa plate 55 mm long and 12 mm wide is glued on top of the resin. Its lower surface is profiled in the form of a gutter along the beam. Then its upper plane is sanded and leveled to a thickness of 1,5 mm in front and 1 mm in back. Then covered with three layers of nitro-lacquer. This plate serves as a landing pad (11) for the wing pylon (12). A through hole with a diameter of 3 mm is made in its middle and the axis of rotation of the wing is glued into it - a "fungus" made of duralumin with a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 10 mm, with an M2 internal thread for the fastening screw. To avoid punching the center section at the attachment point, the spherical head of the bolt has a diameter of 6 mm. The tail section of the fuselage beam ends with plumage. The stabilizer is cut from a balsa plate 1,5 mm thick, slightly rounded along the contour, varnished and fixed on top of the fuselage with epoxy. The keel is trapezoidal, also made of balsa, 1,5 mm thick, glued on top of the stabilizer. The wing consists of a center section and two consoles cut from a balsa plate. The center section is rectangular in size 310x55 mm with a flat-convex profile with a maximum thickness of 3 mm, located 1/3 of the width from the leading edge. Consoles ("ears") - trapezoidal in plan; their span is 140 mm, the thickness is variable: at the butt - 3 mm, at the narrow end - 2,5 mm. The fastening of the consoles to the center section is hinged, made of a nylon tape 20 mm wide. The hinges are glued from below with BF-2 glue. The angle of the transverse "V" - 20 °. A pylon is glued to the middle of the lower surface of the center section - a balsa plate 12 mm wide of variable thickness: 4,5 mm - at the leading edge, 2 mm - at the rear. This difference in the thickness of the pylon provides the required mounting angle of the wing. In front of the pylon, on the left side plane, a stop-limiter made of steel wire with a diameter of 0,5 mm is fixed. In the middle of the center section, a hole with a diameter of 3 mm was drilled under the "fungus". Three hooks for return rubber bands are glued into the center section: two - at a distance of 18 mm from the ends - for the "lugs" and one - in the leading edge - for attaching the rubber band for turning the wing. It should be noted that only on A. Reshetnikov's model the elastic band for turning the wing is very short - the distance between the hooks is only 34 mm. According to the designer, this ensures fast and reliable turning and opening of the wing when the model switches to the glide mode. On the consoles, it is installed on a hook at a distance of 18 mm from the wide end. Moreover, on the right "ear" the free end of the hook is bent in the form of a half-loop. It includes a thread-lock of the wing in takeoff mode. The places where the rubber bands touch the edges of the consoles are reinforced with epoxy resin overlays. The wing is well sanded and covered with two layers of nitro lacquer. "Ears" for better visibility are painted in crimson. To fly the rocket glider model is prepared as follows. The contact surfaces of the wing pylon and the landing area of the fuselage are rubbed with a pencil or stylus and the wing is placed, putting it on the axis of rotation, and the screw (M2) is screwed in. From spontaneous unscrewing it is fixed with a drop of Moment glue. Then they put on all the rubber bands: turning the wing and returning the "lugs", checking the angles - the installation angles of the stabilizer, wing and transverse "V" consoles. If necessary, make adjustments. Further, the desired centering is achieved (on this model, the CG is located at a distance of 40 mm from the leading edge of the wing). After that, the planning model is adjusted, starting from the hands. It makes no sense at the moment to achieve perfect planning - with some hanging in the air. It is better to make it so that the flight mode is close to a small (flat) dive with any turn. After carrying out these operations, you can proceed to launch the rocket plane on the engine. It is desirable to perform the first starts on the MRD with a small impulse (from 1 to 2,5 n.s.). The rocket plane is launched from a gas-dynamic installation of the "piston" type. Before launching the model, the airframe consoles are folded under the center section and rotated counterclockwise by 90 °, placing it along the fuselage. And in this position, the wing is fixed with a temporary mounting thread, passing it through the latch loops on the beam and the latch hook attached to the right "ear" of the wing. Next, insert the engine into the container, put the locking pin. It prevents the shooting of the MRD. In the air, after the expelling charge of the MRD is triggered, the fire pulse burns out the locking thread. Under the action of the rubber band, the wing turns perpendicular to the fuselage, the consoles open and deviate to the normal (panic) position. The model makes a gliding flight. Author: V.Rozhkov
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